102,404 research outputs found
Maktabat Al Muthanna Baghdad Feb-May 1962
No full textOn the same date, Ali Al-Mansouri issued an official financial statement confirming that the Al-Khanji Foundation owed a total of 11.375.أصدر علي المنصوري بيانًا ماليًا رسميًا بتاريخ 25 نيسان 1962 يُفيد بأن مؤسسة الخانجي مدينة بمبلغ إجمالي قدره 11,375
Distributed Computing Meets Game Theory: Fault Tolerance and Implementation with Cheap Talk (Invited Talk)
No full textTraditionally, work in distributed computing has divided the agents into "good guys" and "bad guys". The good guys follow the protocol; the bad guys do everything in their power to make sure it does not work. By way of contrast, game theory has focused on "rational" agents, who try to maximize their utilities. Here I try to combine these viewpoints. Specifically, following the work of Abraham et al. [I. Abraham et al., 2006], I consider (k,t)-robust protocols/strategies, which tolerate coalitions of rational players of size up to k and up to t malicious players. I focus in particular on the problem that economists have called implementing a mediator. That is, can the players in the system, just talking among themselves (using what economists call "cheap talk") simulate the effects of the mediator (see, e.g., [I. Barany, 1992; E. Ben-Porath, 2003; Forges, 1990; D. Gerardi, 2004; Y. Heller, 2005; A. Urbano and J. E. Vila, 2002; A. Urbano and J. E. Vila, 2004]). In computer science, this essentially amounts to multiparty computation [O. Goldreich et al., 1987; A. Shamir et al., 1981; A. Yao, 1982]. Ideas from cryptography and distributed computing allow us to prove results on how many agents are required to implement a (k,t)-robust mediator just using cheap talk. These results subsume (and, in some cases, correct) results from the game theory literature.
The results of Abraham et al. [I. Abraham et al., 2006] were proved for what are called synchronous systems in the distributed computing community; this is also the case for all the results in the economics literature cited above. In synchronous systems, communication proceeds in atomic rounds, and all messages sent during round r are received by round r + 1. But many systems in the real world are asynchronous. In an asynchronous setting, there are no rounds; messages sent by the players may take arbitrarily long to get to their recipients. Markets and the internet are best viewed as asynchronous. Blockchain implementations assume partial synchrony, where there is an upper bound on how long messages take to arrive. The partial synchronous setting already shows some of the difficulty of moving away from synchrony: An agent i can wait to take its action until it receives a message from j (on which its action can depend). This cannot happen in a synchronous setting. Abraham, Dolev, Geffner, abnd Halpern [I. Abraham et al., 2019] extend the results on implementing mediators to the asynchronous setting
Qilādat al-jawāhir fī dhikr al-Ghawth al-Rifāʻī wa-atbāʻih al-akābir
No full textA book on Sufism on the Rifa'i way, in which the author collects virtues, conditions, dignity, sayings, behavior, method, and the realizations of the truth of Sheikh Ahmed Muhyi al-Din Abu al-Abbas al-Kabeer al-Rifa'i. Furthermore, the user talked about the widespread support he receives from his followers and the key aspects of his method
Have Halpern et al. (2004) detected 'residual neuropsychological effects' of MDMA? Not likely
No full text[Extract] The preliminary study by Halpern et al. (2004) is a commendable attempt to isolate correlates of ‘Ecstasy’ use from some of the many confounds that have plagued previous work on this controversial issue. However, Halpern et al. go far beyond their data by concluding that the few significant differences they found, out of a great number of comparisons conducted on a small sample of subjects, actually represent ‘residual neuropsychological effects of MDMA.’ Indeed, as their findings fail to establish a cause–effect relationship between heavy MDMA use and neurocognitive impairment, their use of the term ‘residual effect’ is very misleading
Apollonaster Halpern 1970
No full textApollonaster Halpern 1970 b Apollonaster Halpern 1970 b: 9; Clark and Downey 1992: 229; A.M. Clark 1993: 243; Durán-González et al. 2006: 56 (checklist); Alvarado 2011: 266 (checklist). Comments. Apollonaster is poorly studied and as of this writing has previously only been known from a single species (two known specimens in the USNM) in the tropical Atlantic from 40–1174 m (Clark & Downey 1992: 230). It displays morphological similarities with Ceramaster and to a lesser extent Peltaster a nd Sphaeriodiscus in that it displays shallow fasciolar channels, a pentagonal body shape (low R:r), and a general similarity in granule distribution on the abactinal and marginal plates.Published as part of Mah, Christopher L., 2015, New species, corallivory, in situ video observations and overview of the Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) in the Hawaiian Region, pp. 211-228 in Zootaxa 3926 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/23578
Ash-Shuo'a" the UNDIVIDED by Imam Omar Bin Abdulaziz Al-Boukhary in the Hanafi School
No full textThis research treating a study and investigation of the book titled "Ash-Shuo'a" THE UNDIVIDED by Imam Omar Bin Abdulaziz Al-Boukhary in the Hanafi school. It contains an Introduction and two chapters, the introduction displays the reasons for choosing the research title, it's important, the previous studies, its objectives, its methodology and the abstract. The first chapter: the theoretical contains two themes. The first identify the author, the second identify the investigated book. The second chapter: the investigation which includes the methodology followed in the investigation of manuscript, the photos and the investigation of the book. Finally, I have showed the most important results and recommendations. Also, I mentioned the index of resources and references used in study and investigation
Musical Instruments in Al-Jahiz
No full textفي كتابات الجاحظ، تناول أديب العرب الجاحظ قضايا الموسيقى والطرب والغناء. كان الجاحظ معروفًا بعلمه وأدبه، وكتب العديد من الأعمال التي تسلط الضوء على جوانب الحياة المترفة في المجتمع. كتب كتابًا بعنوان "أخلاق المغنين" وآخر بعنوان "المغنين والغناء والصنعة". في هذه الكتب، دافع الجاحظ عن الغناء كفن فني، ورأى أنه يمتلك قواعد وأسسًا علمية تشابه مع غيره من الفنون والآداب. كان يروج للغناء باعتباره متعة فنية. وعلى الرغم من انتمائه للمعتزلة، إلا أن الجاحظ كان مشجعًا للغناء ومغنين، وكتب عن أخلاقهم وفنونهم. وفي رسالته "القيان"، تناول الجاحظ تأثير بيوت القيان والقيان نفسهن في المجتمع الإسلامي، حيث أشار إلى الفسق والعشق والفجور الذي قد ينتج عن هذا التأثير. بشكل عام، تركت كتابات الجاحظ أثرًا مهمًا في فهمنا لثقافة الموسيقى والطرب والغناء في العصور القديمة.In his writings, the Arab author Al-Jahiz addressed issues related to music, Tarab (a genre of music), and singing. Al-Jahiz was known for his knowledge and literature, and he wrote numerous works that shed light on the luxurious aspects of society. He authored a book titled "Ethics of Singers" and another titled "Singers, Singing, and the Craft." In these books, Al-Jahiz defended singing as an artistic form and believed that it possessed scientific principles and foundations similar to other arts and literature. He promoted singing as a pleasurable art form. Despite his affiliation with the Mu\u27tazila school of thought, Al-Jahiz was a supporter of singing and singers, and he wrote about their ethics and arts. In his treatise "Al-Qiyan," Al-Jahiz discussed the influence of courtesans and their households on Islamic society, pointing to the immorality, passion, and vice that may result from this influence. Overall, Al-Jahiz\u27s writings have had a significant impact on our understanding of music, Tarab, and singing in ancient times
On modified Halpern and Tikhonov-Mann iterations
No full textWe show that the asymptotic regularity and the strong convergence of the
modified Halpern iteration due to T.-H. Kim and H.-K. Xu and studied further by
A. Cuntavenapit and B. Panyanak and the Tikhonov-Mann iteration introduced by
H. Cheval and L. Leu\c{s}tean as a generalization of an iteration due to Y. Yao
et al. that has recently been studied by Bo\c{t} et al. can be reduced to each
other in general geodesic settings. This, in particular, gives a new proof of
the convergence result in Bo\c{t} et al. together with a generalization from
Hilbert to CAT(0) spaces. Moreover, quantitative rates of asymptotic regularity
and metastability due to K. Schade and U. Kohlenbach can be adapted and
transformed into rates for the Tikhonov-Mann iteration corresponding to recent
quantitative results on the latter of H. Cheval, L. Leu\c{s}tean and B. Dinis,
P. Pinto respectively. A transformation in the converse direction is also
possible. We also obtain rates of asymptotic regularity of order for
both the modified Halpern (and so in particular for the Halpern iteration) and
the Tikhonov-Mann iteration in a general geodesic setting for a special choice
of scalars
On Modified Halpern and Tikhonov–Mann Iterations
No full textWe show that the asymptotic regularity and the strong convergence of the modified Halpern iteration due to T.-H. Kim and H.-K. Xu and studied further by A. Cuntavenapit and B. Panyanak and the Tikhonov–Mann iteration introduced by H. Cheval and L. Leuştean as a generalization of an iteration due to Y. Yao et al. that has recently been studied by Boţ et al. can be reduced to each other in general geodesic settings. This, in particular, gives a new proof of the convergence result in Boţ et al. together with a generalization from Hilbert to CAT(0) spaces. Moreover, quantitative rates of asymptotic regularity and metastability due to K. Schade and U. Kohlenbach can be adapted and transformed into rates for the Tikhonov–Mann iteration corresponding to recent quantitative results on the latter of H. Cheval, L. Leuştean and B. Dinis, P. Pinto, respectively. A transformation in the converse direction is also possible. We also obtain rates of asymptotic regularity of order O(1/n) for both the modified Halpern (and so in particular for the Halpern iteration) and the Tikhonov–Mann iteration in a general geodesic setting for a special choice of scalars
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