1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Designing behavior change technologies for workplace wellbeing
Full text linkHumans have become exponentially more productive at work due to advances in technology. However, these advances are spurred by a desire to increase output, often without considering wellbeing. Consequently, modern knowledge workers (i.e., occupations primarily involving applying information rather than physical tasks) experience unhealthy conditions such as sedentary behavior, social isolation, and excessive screen time. The consequences of chronic exposure to such conditions can be drastic for users' mental and physical wellbeing. Even when users make efforts to increase healthy behaviors in the workplace, such as by installing standing desks, uptake remains low in practice due to the intention-behavior gap. Technology designers have an opportunity to combat the negative effects of the modern workplace, but they should not degrade productivity for their solutions to be accepted in industrial practice.
Thus, the problem is two-fold: (1) the modern office prioritizes productivity at the expense of wellbeing, and (2) users have difficulty changing their behaviors even when healthy interventions are available. These factors reveal a spectrum of influence connected to both if and how people are motivated to change their behaviors. This thesis navigates along this spectrum by conducting studies and evaluating prototypical systems to build an understanding of this motivation. Consequently, this thesis outlines a vision for a healthy future of work through two approaches. First, we investigate how to design technology to make healthy ways of working a more attractive choice for users. Second, we explore active behavior change technologies that aim to overcome the intention-behavior gap and ethically nudge users to behave according to their own goals.
In the first series of explorations, we investigate technology that inspires users to incorporate movement in the workplace. The works in this section use passive behavior change approaches, aiming to make movement an attractive option that users will choose of their own volition. We used ethnographic methods to understand the needs of users who regularly integrate physical activity into their work routines. Drawing from this knowledge, we developed a tangible prototype to explore technology-supported walking meetings. Finally, we explored using physical exertion as a design element to generate mindful experiences. Overall, these investigations provide a new understanding of how technology can seamlessly integrate physical activity into work routines while creating positive user experiences.
Next, we explore active approaches that nudge users to act in alignment with their own goals. We designed and implemented functional prototypes and conducted mixed-methods evaluations on interventions to increase movement, foster social connectedness, and manage excessive screentime, all of which are issues in the modern office. To increase ecological validity, we conducted three of the studies in the field, including one large-scale longitudinal study. These investigations provide insights into how technology can support users in overcoming intention-behavior gaps to achieve their own behavior goals in the real world.
Based on our investigations, we propose a design framework for behavior change technologies that promote a healthy workplace. The framework draws from related work and incorporates theoretical concepts from physiology and nudge theory. We designed the framework to be beneficial for researchers and technology designers in creating behavior change technologies.
In all, this thesis contributes the following: (1) prototypical systems to facilitate improvements in physical activity, mindful screen time, and social interactions, (2) field evaluations of workplace behavior change technologies, (3) an actionable design framework highlighting important design dimensions and categorizing literature for future developers of ethical behavior change technologies, and (4) a reflection on ethical behavior change. Finally, we discuss open challenges for the field and deploying research in practice. This thesis demonstrates the potential for technology to support healthier workplaces without sacrificing productivity by providing concrete solutions and ecologically validated field evaluations. By advocating for the integration of wellbeing principles into workplace design and emphasizing user-centered approaches to behavior change technologies, our work lays the groundwork for creating healthier and more productive workplaces in the future.Die Produktivität der Menschen bei der Arbeit ist durch den technischen Fortschritt exponentiell gestiegen. Diese Fortschritte werden jedoch durch den Wunsch nach mehr Leistung angetrieben, oft ohne Rücksicht auf das Wohlbefinden. Infolgedessen sind moderne Wissensarbeiter (d. h. Berufe, bei denen es in erster Linie um die Anwendung von Informationen und nicht um physische Aufgaben geht) ungesunden Bedingungen wie sitzendem Verhalten, sozialer Isolation und übermäßiger Bildschirmarbeit ausgesetzt. Die Folgen einer chronischen Belastung durch solche Bedingungen können für das geistige und körperliche Wohlbefinden der Nutzer drastisch sein. Selbst wenn sich die Nutzer bemühen, gesundes Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz zu fördern, z. B. durch die Einrichtung von Stehpulten, bleibt die Akzeptanz in der Praxis aufgrund der Kluft zwischen Absicht und Verhalten gering. Technologiedesigner haben die Möglichkeit, die negativen Auswirkungen des modernen Arbeitsplatzes zu bekämpfen, aber sie sollten die Produktivität nicht beeinträchtigen, damit ihre Lösungen in der industriellen Praxis akzeptiert werden.
Das Problem ist also ein zweifaches: (1) im modernen Büro wird der Produktivität auf Kosten des Wohlbefindens Vorrang eingeräumt, und (2) den Nutzern fällt es schwer, ihr Verhalten zu ändern, selbst wenn gesunde Interventionen zur Verfügung stehen. Diese Faktoren zeigen ein Spektrum von Einflüssen auf, die damit zusammenhängen, ob und wie Menschen motiviert sind, ihr Verhalten zu ändern. Die vorliegende Arbeit bewegt sich entlang dieses Spektrums, indem sie Studien durchführt und prototypische Systeme evaluiert, um ein Verständnis für diese Motivation zu entwickeln. Folglich skizziert diese Arbeit eine Vision für eine gesunde Zukunft der Arbeit durch zwei Ansätze. Erstens untersuchen wir, wie Technologien entwickelt werden können, um gesunde Arbeitsweisen für die Nutzer attraktiver zu machen. Zweitens erforschen wir Technologien zur aktiven Verhaltensänderung, die darauf abzielen, die Kluft zwischen Absicht und Verhalten zu überwinden und die Nutzer auf ethische Weise dazu zu bewegen, sich entsprechend ihren eigenen Zielen zu verhalten.
In der ersten Reihe von Untersuchungen erforschen wir Technologien, die die Nutzer dazu anregen, Bewegung am Arbeitsplatz einzubauen. Die Arbeiten in diesem Abschnitt verwenden Ansätze zur passiven Verhaltensänderung und zielen darauf ab, Bewegung zu einer attraktiven Option zu machen, für die sich die Nutzer aus eigenem Antrieb entscheiden. Wir haben ethnografische Methoden eingesetzt, um die Bedürfnisse von Nutzern zu verstehen, die regelmäßig körperliche Aktivität in ihre Arbeitsroutine integrieren. Auf der Grundlage dieses Wissens entwickelten wir einen greifbaren Prototyp, um technologiegestützte Geh-Meetings zu erforschen. Schließlich untersuchten wir die Nutzung körperlicher Anstrengung als Gestaltungselement, um achtsame Erfahrungen zu erzeugen. Insgesamt liefern diese Untersuchungen ein neues Verständnis dafür, wie Technologie körperliche Aktivität nahtlos in den Arbeitsalltag integrieren und gleichzeitig positive Nutzererfahrungen schaffen kann.
Als Nächstes erforschen wir aktive Ansätze, die die Nutzer dazu anregen, im Einklang mit ihren eigenen Zielen zu handeln. Wir haben funktionale Prototypen entworfen und implementiert und Evaluierungen mit gemischten Methoden zu Interventionen zur Steigerung der Bewegung, zur Förderung sozialer Kontakte und zum Umgang mit übermäßiger Bildschirmzeit durchgeführt - allesamt Themen, die im modernen Büro eine Rolle spielen. Um die ökologische Validität zu erhöhen, haben wir drei der Studien im Feld durchgeführt, darunter eine groß angelegte Längsschnittstudie. Diese Untersuchungen geben Aufschluss darüber, wie die Technologie die Nutzer bei der Überwindung der Diskrepanz zwischen Absicht und Verhalten unterstützen kann, um ihre eigenen Verhaltensziele in der realen Welt zu erreichen.
Auf der Grundlage unserer Untersuchungen schlagen wir einen Gestaltungsrahmen für Technologien zur Verhaltensänderung vor, die einen gesunden Arbeitsplatz fördern. Der Rahmen basiert auf verwandten Arbeiten und umfasst theoretische Konzepte aus der Physiologie und der Nudge-Theorie. Wir haben den Rahmen so gestaltet, dass er Forschern und Technologieentwicklern bei der Entwicklung von Technologien zur Verhaltensänderung von Nutzen ist.
Insgesamt leistet diese Arbeit folgende Beiträge: (1) prototypische Systeme zur Verbesserung der körperlichen Aktivität, des achtsamen Umgangs mit Bildschirmen und der sozialen Interaktion, (2) Feldevaluierungen von Technologien zur Verhaltensänderung am Arbeitsplatz, (3) einen umsetzbaren Gestaltungsrahmen, der wichtige Gestaltungsdimensionen hervorhebt und die Literatur für künftige Entwickler von Technologien zur ethischen Verhaltensänderung kategorisiert, und (4) eine Reflexion über ethische Verhaltensänderung. Abschließend diskutieren wir offene Herausforderungen für das Feld und die Umsetzung der Forschung in die Praxis. Diese Arbeit zeigt das Potenzial von Technologien zur Unterstützung gesünderer Arbeitsplätze ohne Produktivitätseinbußen auf, indem sie konkrete Lösungen und ökologisch validierte Feldbewertungen liefert. Indem wir für die Integration von Prinzipien des Wohlbefindens in die Arbeitsplatzgestaltung eintreten und nutzerzentrierte Ansätze für Technologien zur Verhaltensänderung betonen, legt unsere Arbeit den Grundstein für die Schaffung gesünderer und produktiverer Arbeitsplätze in der Zukunft
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A clinical C-arm base-tracking system using computer vision for intraoperative guidance
No full textMobile C-arm X-ray machines are commonly used for imaging during orthopaedic surgeries to visualize internal anatomy during procedures. However, there is evidence indicating that excess operating time and radiation exposure result from the use of scouting images to aid C-arm positioning during surgery. Additionally, C-arms are currently used primarily as a qualitative tool. Several techniques have been proposed to improve positioning, reduce radiation exposure, and increase quantitative utility, but they require accurate C-arm position tracking. There have been attempts by other research groups to develop C-arm tracking systems, but there are currently no solutions suitable for use in an operating room. The objective of this thesis is therefore to present the development and verification of a real-time C-arm base-tracking system called OPTIX (On-board Position Tracking for Intraoperative X-rays).
The proposed tracking system uses a single floor-facing camera mounted to the base of a C-arm. A computer vision algorithm was developed that tracks motion relative to the operating room floor. This system is capable of relative motion tracking as well as absolute position recovery for previous positions.
The accuracy of the system was evaluated on a real C-arm in a simulated operating room. The experimental results demonstrated that the relative tracking algorithm can measure C-arm translation with errors of less than 0.75% of the total distance travelled, and orientation with errors better than 5% of the cumulative rotation. With the incorporated loop closure step, OPTIX can be used to achieve C-arm repositioning with translation errors of less than 1.10±0.07 mm and rotation errors of less than 0.17 ±0.02°. These results are well within the desired system requirements of 5 mm and 3.1°.
The system has shown promising results for use as a C-arm base-tracking system. The system has clinically acceptable accuracies and should lead to a reduced need for scouting images when re-obtaining a previous position. The base-tracking system can be integrated with a C-arm joint tracking system, or implemented on its own for steering guidance. When implemented in an operating room, OPTIX has the potential to lead to a reduction in operating time and harmful radiation exposure to surgical staff.Applied Science, Faculty ofBiomedical Engineering, School ofGraduat
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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