602 research outputs found
Seleksi Varietas Partisipatif Terhadap Galur-Galur Elit Padi Gogo di Lahan Petani
Get PDFSalah satu indikator keberhasilan program pemuliaan adalah diadopsinya varietas unggul oleh petani. Meskipun pemulia memiliki kemampuan untuk memilih varietas-varietas terbaik, selera petani terhadap varietas unggul dapat berbeda dan sangat beragam antar daerah. Program seleksi varietas partisipatif (participatory varietal selection=PVS) dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi seleksi yang dilakukan pemulia dengan melibatkan petani sebagai pengguna akhir produk pemuliaan dalam proses seleksi. Dua kegiatan seleksi varietas partisipatif dilakukan pada musim hujan 2012-2013 di dua sentra padi gogo yakni Cianjur (Jawa Barat) dan Kebumen (Jawa Tengah). Sepuluh galur harapan padi gogo dan empat varietas unggul pembanding digunakan dalam kegiatan PVS. Masing-masing galur atau varietas ditanam oleh seorang petani kooperator dengan luas tanam 2000 m2 sampai 2500 m2. Budidaya padi dilakukan oleh petani berdasarkan paket rekomendasi dari peneliti. Seleksi dilakukan pada saat menjelang panen dengan melibatkan sebanyak 20 sampai 22 orang petani di masing-masing lokasi. Hasil PVS menunjukkan keragaman preferensi petani di dalam dan antar daerah. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan adanya kesesuaian antar nilai preferensi varietas hasil seleksi petani dengan nilai penerimaan fenotipe oleh pemulia. Namun demikian tidak semua genotipe dengan nilai preferensi yang tinggi menghasilkan gabah yang tinggi, mengindikasikan bahwa komponen hasil bukan satu-satunya penentu preferensi petani dalam mengadopsi varietas unggul. Dampak dari pelaksanaan PVS terhadap adopsi varietas unggul, peningkatan keragaman genetik di lapang dan sarana penyebaran benih informal didiskusikan dalam tulisan ini
Coupling of DEMO and ARIS: Based on theoretical ground
No full textThe methodologies ARIS and DEMO combined on a theoretical level, at the Corporate Dienst of Rijkswaterstaat.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Variability of upland rice genotypes response to low light intensity
No full textHairmansis A, Yullianida, Supartopo, Jamil A, Suwarno. 2017. Variability of upland rice genotypes response to low light intensity. Biodiversitas 18: 1122-1129. Plantation areas have a great potential to be utilized for upland rice production through intercropping. One of major constraints in the cultivation of upland rice as intercropping is low light intensity caused by shading. Improvement of rice varieties for shading tolerance is therefore important to increase rice production in upland areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the variability of upland rice genotypes responses to shading and identify the best genotypes for intercropping rice cultivation. Thirty-eight upland rice breeding lines, the shading tolerant rice variety Jatiluhur, and the shading susceptible rice variety IR64 were evaluated for their response to low light intensity in the greenhouse and the field. Greenhouse screening was conducted to determine their shading tolerance in vegetative stage while evaluation in the field was performed to evaluate their agronomic performance under 55% shading and normal conditions. Variation in upland rice genotypes on low light stress was revealed both in greenhouse and field trials. In the greenhouse trial, 12 genotypes showed higher survival rate compared to tolerant rice variety Jatiluhur. Field evaluation demonstrated that 55% shading increased plant height, reduced productive tiller number, delayed flowering time, increased spikelet sterility and reduced grain yield. Upland rice breeding line B11908F-TB-3-WN-1 showed high yield relative in shading condition compared to normal condition and had high-stress tolerance index (STI) which indicated the genotype was tolerant to shading.</jats:p
Round-trip Business Process Driven SOA modelling between ARIS and Cordys
No full textBusiness process modelling is the core activity in Business Process Driven SOA. ARIS is as Business Process Analysis (BPA) tool adequate for analyzing and designing business processes, while the execution and monitoring of these processes is empowered by Cordys as Business Process Management Suite (BPMS). The challenge is to enable iterative round-trip modelling across these two tools. Event-driven Process Chains (EPC) and Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) have established themselves as the most used modelling languages in the industry. Coupling ARIS and Cordys involves 1) transforming the high-level business process models in EPC developed in ARIS into executable process models in Cordys BPMN, and 2) ensuring round-trip development by means of interoperability. This thesis proposes a conceptual framework to couple a BPA and BPMS tool for round-trip business process modelling. The framework utilizes concepts from the Model Driven Architecture for structural addressing interoperability and model transformations. Business process models are developed and assessed from high-level, operational and technical viewpoints. Depending on the level of interoperability wished for, different types of model transformations within and between these viewpoints apply. Ensuring interoperability with traceability may allow maintaining the perception on the real world with different viewpoints. The framework is applied on the ARIS and Cordys case. Analyzing and comparing the tools have given insight on type of models, the information for exchange, and where possible coupling points are. Model transformations are defined for EPC and Cordys BPMN models. Results of the framework provide a foundation on how to achieve interoperability between ARIS and Cordys.Computer Science Information ArchitectureElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Pengujian Kemurnian Benih Padi dari Tiga Isolasi jarak Melalui Analisis Citra dengan Pemindaian Bidang Datar, Grow Out Test, dan Mikrosatelit.
No full textPengujian kemurnian benih padi pada umumnya dilakukan secara visual
dengan tingkat subjektivitas yang tinggi. Analisis citra digital dengan pemindaian
bidang datar atau Image Analysis-Flatbed Scanning (IA-FS) telah dimanfaatkan
untuk mengidentifikasi ciri benih suatu varietas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk:
(1) mengidentifikasi tipe simpang benih padi berdasarkan karakter morfologi
bentuk dan warna melalui metode IA-FS yang dikonfirmasi dengan grow out test
(GOT); (2) mendapatkan informasi proporsi tipe simpang dari isolasi jarak yang
berbeda melalui metode IA-FS, dan (3) mengkonfirmasi tipe simpang dari isolasi
jarak yang berbeda melalui metode IA-FS dengan uji GOT dan mikrosatelit.
Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 percobaan. Percobaan pertama adalah
pengembangan IA-FS sebagai teknik untuk pengujian kemurnian genetik benih.
Sebanyak 1200 butir benih masing-masing dari varietas Aek Sibundong dan
Sintanur dipindai dengan IA-FS. Benih dievaluasi tingkat kemurnian berdasarkan
5 parameter bentuk (circularity, feret, min feret, AR dan round) dan 3 parameter
warna (red, green dan blue). Kemudian benih tersebut ditanam untuk pengujian
kemurnian dengan GOT dan diamati ciri-ciri morfologi tanaman di lapangan.
Pada percobaan kedua dilakukan pengujian kemurnian benih padi pada tiga
isolasi jarak berdasarkan GOT, IA-FS dan mikrosatelit. Benih Aek Sibundong dan
Sintanur ditanam berdampingan dengan isolasi jarak 1, 2, dan 3 m. Masingmasing
varietas pada tiap isolasi jarak ditanam sebanyak 400 rumpun (4 baris
tanaman) dengan jarak tanam 25 x 40 cm. Pengujian kemurnian benih secara GOT
per varietas per isolasi jarak. Setelah pengujian GOT selesai, benih dipanen pada
malai batang utama pada masing-masing rumpun. Benih dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu
benih untuk pengujian IA-FS dan sebagai bahan tanam untuk pengujian
mikrosatelit. Untuk IA-FS sampel benih diambil 1 butir benih per malai (100 butir
per baris atau tergantung dari jumlah tanaman yang bisa dipanen sebagai benih).
Benih dengan jumlah yang sama digunakan untuk pengujian kemurnian
berdasarkan mikrosatelit, namun ditanam secara bulk pada masing-masing baris
yang sama. Pengujian mikrosatelit menggunakan 3 primer yaitu RM224, RC12
dan Afrag.
Hasil penelitian percobaan pertama menunjukkan bahwa metode IA-FS
dapat mengkuantifikasi karakter bentuk dan warna benih serta menguji kebenaran
varietas Aek Sibundong dan Sintanur. Tingkat akurasi identifikasi kebenaran
varietas menggunakan IA-FS yaitu 99.7% pada saat mengkombinasikan parameter
bentuk dan warna, 99.2% berdasarkan bentuk dan 93.6% untuk parameter warna
saja. Hasil pengujian kemurnian benih berdasarkan IA-FS tidak berbeda nyata
dengan pengujian kemurnian dengan GOT di lapangan.
Hasil penelitian percobaan kedua menunjukkan bahwa pada isolasi jarak 1,
2, dan 3 m masih ditemukan tipe simpang yang diduga berasal dari penyerbukan
yang tidak dikehendaki pada pertanaman Aek Sibundong dan Sintanur.
Kemurnian benih berdasarkan IA-FS relatif sama dengan metode GOT pada
ketiga isolasi jarak kecuali kemurnian benih pada pertanaman Sintanur dari isolasi
jarak 2, 3, dan 3.4 m . Pengujian kemurnian dengan IA-FS relatif stabil untuk
pengujian kemurnian berdasarkan bentuk dan warna. Kemurnian benih secara
GOT mencapai 100% hanya terjadi pada pertanaman Sintanur dengan isolasi jarak
3-3.4 m. Namun rendahnya tipe simpang yang ditemukan bukan karena isolasi
jarak yang semakin jauh sebagaimana ditunjukkan adanya tipe simpang yang
lebih tinggi (6.82-7.14%) pada isolasi jarak 3.8-4.2 m. Tipe simpang lain pada
Sintanur ditemukan sebanyak > 10% pada isolasi jarak 1-2.2 m, dan 0-16.67%
pada isolasi jarak > 2.4 m. Pada pertanaman Aek Sibundong, sebanyak > 20%
pada isolasi jarak 1.2-2 m dan 2-18.68% pada isolasi jarak > 2.4 m. Berdasarkan
mikrosatelit dengan primer RM224 dan RC12 tidak dapat mengidentifikasi
kemurnian benih dari semua isolasi jarak karena primer yang digunakan muncul
pada lokus yang sama. Primer Afrag dapat dikonfirmasi bahwa tipe simpang
masih ditemukan pada isolasi jarak 3 m
Modifying sodium transport to improve salinity tolerance of commercial rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.).
Get PDFSalinity tolerance in rice is negatively correlated with sodium accumulation in the shoot. Therefore, one approach to improve rice salinity tolerance is through the modification of sodium transport pathways within the plant, either by constitutive or cell type-specific expression of genes encoding proteins important for sodium homeostasis. In rice, work so far has predominately been limited to poorly adapted cultivars or has used technologies incompatible with future breeding programs. It is therefore important to transfer the knowledge obtained from the modification of Na⁺ transport processes in other plants and test the validity of this approach in commercially relevant rice cultivars, using compatible technologies for further application of the approach in the field. Five candidate commercial rice cultivars were selected from Indonesia. The salt tolerance of these rice cultivars were studied in hydroponics. Variation existed in the salinity tolerance mechanisms among the rice cultivars, offering the potential to use different approaches for improving salinity tolerance. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency of the cultivars was evaluated using calli derived from the scutellum of mature seeds. The study revealed only two cultivars, Fatmawati and IR64, could regenerate transgenics. A non-destructive image based phenotyping protocol was developed for screening rice undergoing salt stress and was used to further examine the salinity tolerance of Fatmawati and IR64. The two cultivars showed differences in both their salinity tolerance and in the salinity tolerance mechanisms they used. Due to the differences in their salinity tolerance and due to their amenability for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, Fatmawati and IR64 were selected for transformation with salinity tolerance genes using constitutive and cell type-specific promoters. The maize Ubiquitin-1 and cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoters were used as constitutive promoters. Cell type-specific promoters were identified from either the literature or rice databases and used to drive the genes in specific cells in the root. The cell type-specific alterations are targeted to minimize net sodium influx into the root from the soil, maximise sodium retrieval from the xylem, or increase sodium compartmentalization in the root tissue. Rice lines were generated which constitutively expressed the genes encoding the vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatases AtAVP1 and OsOVP4 and the protein kinase AtCIPK16. Transgenic rice lines were also developed which expressed Na⁺ transporter OsHKT1;5 driven by a stelar specific promoter and Na⁺ pumping ATPase from Physcomitrella patens (PpENA1) driven by an epidermal specific promoter. The salinity tolerance of the transgenic rice lines was characterized in the T₁ generation using either non-destructive image based phenotyping or destructive analysis in hydroponic experiments. Results from this study showed that constitutive expression of AtAVP1 lead to increased biomass of transgenic rice both under salt stress and non-stress conditions. The present study demonstrated the expression of OsHKT1;5 in the root stele reduced shoot Na⁺ accumulation, while the expression of PpENA1 in the root epidermis reduced root Na⁺ concentration. However, the effect of the alteration on the whole plant salinity tolerance of the transgenic rice still requires further characterization. Further assessment of these transgenic lines in later generations is necessary.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 201
Identifikasi dan pengujian daya gabung genotipe padi yang membawa gen wide compatibility pada persilangan antar varietas dan antar subspesies
No full textSterilitas hibrida yang terjadi pada F1 hasil persilangan antara padi indica dan japonica merupakan masalah utama yang menghambat pengembangan padi hibrida yang berasal dari kedua subspesies yang berbeda jauh tersebut. Permasalahan sterilitas inidapat diatasi dengan menggunakan gen wide compatibility (WC). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi genotipe-genotipe yangmembawa gen WC atau wide compatibility variety (WCV), untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang daya pemulihan kesuburan genotipe-genotipe tersebut terhadap galur mandul jantan (CMS) dan untuk menguji daya gabungnya pada persilangan antar varietas dan antar subspesies. Untuk mengidentifikasi WCV dilakukan persilangan antara 25 genotipe yang sebagian besar berasal dari kelompok tropisal japonica dengan tester indica (IR64) dan japonica (Akitakomachi). Studi daya pemulih kesuburan dilakukan melalui silang uji terhadap galur CMS IR58025A. Pengujian efektifitas WCV dilakukan dengan analisis daya gabung menggunakan metode lini x tester. F1 dan tetua-tetuanya ditanam berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan tiga ulangan
The Science Fiction Film
No full textThis is a chapter in the Science Fiction Handbook that the author has co-edited. The chapter introduces readers to major themes and generic tropes of science fiction in cinema and provides a brief analysis of classic SF films: Metropolis; The Day the Earth Stood Still; 2001: A Space Odyssey; Star Wars; Alien; Blade Runner; The Matri
Image-based phenotyping for non-destructive screening of different salinity tolerance traits in rice
Get PDFBackground: Soil salinity is an abiotic stress wide spread in rice producing areas, limiting both plant growth and yield. The development of salt-tolerant rice requires efficient and high-throughput screening techniques to identify promising lines for salt affected areas. Advances made in image-based phenotyping techniques provide an opportunity to use non-destructive imaging to screen for salinity tolerance traits in a wide range of germplasm in a reliable, quantitative and efficient way. However, the application of image-based phenotyping in the development of salt-tolerant rice remains limited. Results: A non-destructive image-based phenotyping protocol to assess salinity tolerance traits of two rice cultivars (IR64 and Fatmawati) has been established in this study. The response of rice to different levels of salt stress was quantified over time based on total shoot area and senescent shoot area, calculated from visible red-green-blue (RGB) and fluorescence images. The response of rice to salt stress (50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl) could be clearly distinguished from the control as indicated by the reduced increase of shoot area. The salt concentrations used had only a small effect on the growth of rice during the initial phase of stress, the shoot Na+ accumulation independent phase termed the ‘osmotic stress’ phase. However, after 20 d of treatment, the shoot area of salt stressed plants was reduced compared with non-stressed plants. This was accompanied by a significant increase in the concentration of Na+ in the shoot. Variation in the senescent area of the cultivars IR64 and Fatmawati in response to a high concentration of Na+ in the shoot indicates variation in tissue tolerance mechanisms between the cultivars. Conclusions: Image analysis has the potential to be used for high-throughput screening procedures in the development of salt-tolerant rice. The ability of image analysis to discriminate between the different aspects of salt stress (shoot ion-independent stress and shoot ion dependent stress) makes it a useful tool for genetic and physiological studies to elucidate processes that contribute to salinity tolerance in rice. The technique has the potential for identifying the genetic basis of these mechanisms and assisting in pyramiding different tolerance mechanisms into breeding lines.Aris Hairmansis, Bettina Berger, Mark Tester, and Stuart John Ro
- …
