1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
CD103 blockade reduces CD8 T cell accumulation during GVHD, but does not attenuate GVL effects
Full text linkBiological Sciences: 1st Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)Purpose:
Every four minutes someone in America is diagnosed with a blood cancer, and the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society estimates that over 50,000 people die of a blood cancer each year1. Many blood cancers are caused by white blood cells that undergo uncontrolled cell division. This uncontrolled replication causes the affected cells to be non-functional. Furthermore, normal white blood cells are crowded out by the malignant cells, leaving the patient highly immunosuppressed. Current therapies for blood cancers include radiation therapy and more than 50 chemotherapy drugs1. However, many of these drugs are ineffectual in treating the disease, thus alternative therapies are desired.
Bone marrow transplants represent a curative therapy for patients with blood cancers. Immediately preceding a bone marrow transplant, the patient is treated with drugs and/or radiation to destroy their immune system, thereby killing the cancer cells. The patient is then infused with bone marrow cells from a genetically similar individual. Bone marrow cells are the immune cell precursors, so the bone marrow transplant recipient receives the cancer-free donor immune system.
The limiting factor to the broad use of bone marrow transplants as a curative therapy for blood cancers is graft verses host disease (GVHD). GVHD is caused by a mature subset of white blood cells (T cells) present in the bone marrow graft that recognize and destroy host tissue, particularly epithelial cells in the gut. Depletion of mature T cells prior to transplant is not a viable treatment strategy because mature T cells facilitate several beneficial effects that are essential to a successful transplant. These effects include controlling opportunistic infections and preventing cancer relapse. Therefore, the goal of our research is to find a way to separate the T cells that cause GVHD from those that facilitate the beneficial effects post transplant.
Integrins are molecules that facilitate adhesion between cells. Integrins present on the surface of T cells help determine where T cells are go and how long they stay in a particular location after transplant. Previous work in our lab has shown that the integrin CD103 is expressed on a subset of T cells called CD8+ T cells2. Our work has shown that CD103 expression on CD8+ T cells promotes the association of CD8+ T cells with epithelial cells3. We hypothesize that CD103 will be required for the retention of CD8+ T cells in the epithelium of the gut during GVHD, but will not be required for effective clearance of a blood malignancy.
Research Methods:
To test our hypothesis, we used murine models of GVHD. Mice were irradiated to destroy the host immune system. Recipients were then transplanted with donor bone marrow to restore immune function and donor T cells to cause GVHD. Following the transplant, mice were monitored daily for clinical signs of GVHD. At predetermined time points, groups of mice were sacrificed for further analysis of T cell migration and expression levels of CD103. To test whether CD103 was required for effective clearance of a blood malignancy, a genetically modified mouse was used. The genetically modified mouse has a DNA mutation that causes a subset of white blood cells (B cells) to proliferate uncontrolled. The disease course in this mouse is very similar to the human disease chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Recipient mice with murine CLL were transplanted with either normal or CD103 deficient T cells, and the ability to eradicate CLL was compared between the two groups.
Findings:
Using our model of GVHD, we found that mature donor CD8+ T cells accumulate in the gut of mice with GVHD. Interestingly, CD103 expression levels on CD8+ T cells in the gut increased dramatically over time. Concurrent with increased CD103 expression levels, we noticed progressive intestinal injury in our GVHD recipients. Using transgenic mice, we found that CD103 was required for optimal accumulation of CD8+ T cells in the gut, and without CD103 present, we found dramatically fewer CD8+ T cells in the gut. Studies are underway to determine if the progressive intestinal injury is dependent on CD103. Furthermore, CD103 was not required for clearance of malignant B cells. Both normal CD8+ T cells and CD103 knock out CD8+ T cells were able to clear malignant B cells with the same efficiency.
Implications:
Our data shows that CD103 promotes accumulation of GVHD causing CD8+ T cells in the gut. We show that CD103 expression levels increase over time, concurrent with severe intestinal injury. This finding suggests that CD103 is promoting the retention of CD8+ T cells in the gut and allowing them to cause more damage. Lastly, our data show that CD103 is not required to kill malignant B cells. Taken together, these data provide insight into the potential of altering integrins as a means to separate GVHD from the beneficial properties T cells possess after a bone marrow transplant. Altering integrin expression can potentially decrease T cell retention in GVHD target organs while maintaining the ability to kill residual blood malignancies and lower relapse rates.A three-year embargo was granted for this item
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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