1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Σύνδρομο μετά το COVID-19 και επιπτώσεις μετά από τη νοσηλεία σε ΜΕΘ
No full textIntroduction: The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic made the global scientific community to turn it’s attention to the immediate treatment of the serious disease caused by the virus. Over time, in addition to severe disease, it appeared that there are serious long-term effects after COVID-19 which may significantly affect later life.
Aim: The aim of this literature review was to investigate the Post COVID-19 syndrome and the effects after hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit.
Material and Method: The method used was to search the relevant international literature in scientific electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE) with keywords: Intensive Care Syndrome, Impact, ICU, Critical Care Patients and the same words in the corresponding English terminology in all possible combinations. The main admission criterion was the time frame as it was limited to studies that had been published after the onset of the Pandemic.
Results: Post COVID-19 syndrome in people after the Intensive Care Unit has effects on the mental and physical level. These effects occurred in a large percentage of people after discharge from the hospital and in a period of up to 1 year after. This result negatively affected the Quality of Life and the daily life of the participants.
Conclusions: Further study is required for the syndrome after the Intensive Care Unit as there are still limited data in the literature. Health policy should take into account the effects of the syndrome and develop support strategies for people with COVID-19 syndrome.Εισαγωγή: Το ξαφνικό ξέσπασμα της πανδημίας του COVID-19 είχε ως αποτέλεσμα η παγκόσμια επιστημονική κοινότητα να στρέψει τη βλέψη της στην άμεση αντιμετώπιση της βαριάς νόσου που προκαλεί ο ιός. Με το πέρας του χρόνου εκτός από τη βαριά νόσο φάνηκε ότι δυνατόν να υπάρχουν και σοβαρές μακροπρόθεσμες επιπτώσεις μετά τον COVID-19 οι οποίες πιθανόν να επηρεάζουν σε σημαντικό βαθμό την μετέπειτα ζωή.
Σκοπός: Σκοπός της παρούσας ανασκόπησης ήταν να διερευνήσει το Σύνδρομο μετά τον COVID-19 και τις επιπτώσεις μετά από τη νοσηλεία σε ΜΕΘ.
Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Η μέθοδος που χρησιμοποιήθηκε ήταν η αναζήτηση της σχετικής διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας σε επιστημονικές ηλεκτρονικές βάσεις δεδομένων (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE) με λέξεις κλειδιά: Intensive Care Syndrome, Impact, ICU, Critical Care σε όλους τους πιθανούς συνδυασμούς. Βασικό κριτήριο εισδοχής μελετών αποτέλεσε το χρονικό περιθώριο καθώς περιορίστηκε σε μελέτες που είχαν δημοσιευθεί μετά την έναρξη της Πανδημίας.
Αποτελέσματα: Το σύνδρομο μετά τον COVID-19 και τη νοσηλεία στη ΜΕΘ έχει σημαντικές επιπτώσεις σε ψυχικό και φυσικό επίπεδο. Οι επιπτώσεις αυτές εμφανίζονται σε ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό ατόμων μετά το εξιτήριο από το νοσοκομείο και έχουν καταγραφεί μέχρι και 1 χρόνο μετά. Το αποτέλεσμα αυτό επηρεάζει αρνητικά την Ποιότητα Ζωής και την καθημερινότητα των συμμετεχόντων.
Συμπεράσματα: Τα ευρήματα που αφορούν το σύνδρομο μετά τον COVID-19 και νοσηλεία σε ΜΕΘ είναι περιορισμένα μέχρι σήμερα. Η πολιτική υγείας πρέπει να εξετάσει τις επιπτώσεις στη συγκεκριμένη ομάδα ασθενών και να δημιουργήσει στρατηγικές στήριξης τους.Complete
Η Αποτελεσματικότητα της πρηνούς θέσης σε υποξαιμικούς μη διασωληνωμένους ασθενείς με COVID-19 ως προς την ανάγκη για ενδοτραχειακή διασωλήνωση
No full textIntroduction: COVID-19 is a viral infection that mainly affects the respiratory system, causing mild to severe respiratory failure with persistent hypoxemia; the final stage being the presence of an atypical ARDS. The prone position is an evidence based clinical practice that improves gas exchange and oxygenation by recruiting dorsal lung areas. Studies have shown its beneficial effect with ARDS and its effectiveness in improving oxygenation in intubated patients.
Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of the prone position as an adjunct technique in pre-existing care for awake non-intubated hypoxemic patients with covid-19, in order to improve oxygenation and reduce the need of intubation.
Material and Method: The method used was searching the relevant Greek and international literature in databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar) with the keywords “awake prone position”, “covid-19’’, “Sars-CoV2”, “hypoxemic”, “non-intubated” and “effects” in all possible combinations.
Results: The search resulted in 8 studies, during the period 2020-2021 that met the predefined criteria. Through the literature search; it was found that the prone position in hypoxemic non-intubated patients with covid-19, in terms of the need for endotracheal intubation is a controversial issue. Five research studies did not find a statistically significant difference in the use of the prone position, however, two studies resulted in a reduced need for intubation after using the prone position. Although, its use seems to improve gas exchange and oxygenation, but this improvement does not seem to last long enough when patients are repositioned in a supine position. In addition, patients who were placed in a prone position were in need of intubation later compared to patients in a supine position.
Conclusions: Although there is some indications that the prone position may reduce the need for endotracheal intubation, improve oxygenation and generally positively impact the health of non-intubated COVID-19 patients, further research is needed before coming to a definite conclusion on its effectiveness.Εισαγωγή: Η νόσος COVID-19 είναι μια ιογενής λοίμωξη η οποία επηρεάζει κυρίως το αναπνευστικό προκαλώντας ήπια έως και σοβαρή αναπνευστική ανεπάρκεια με εμμένουσα υποξαιμία, με τελευταίο στάδιο τη παρουσία ενός άτυπου ARDS. Η πρηνής θέσης είναι μία τεκμηριωμένη κλινική παρέμβαση που βελτιώνει την ανταλλαγή αερίων και την οξυγόνωση με στρατολόγηση ραχιαίων πνευμονικών περιοχών. Μελέτες έχουν δείξει τη θετική επίδραση της σε ασθενείς με ARDS και την αποτελεσματικότητα της ώς προς τη βελτίωση τηs οξυγόνωσης σε διασωληνομένους ασθενείς.
Σκοπός: Σκοπός της παρούσας ανασκόπησης υπήρξε η διερεύνηση της αποτελεσματικότητας της χρήσης πρηνούς θέσης, ως επιπρόσθετη τεχνική στη προυπάρχουσα φροντίδα, σε υποξαιμικούς μη διασωληνωμένους ασθενείς με covid-19, ως προς τη βελτίωση της οξυγόνωσης και τη μείωση της πιθανότητας ανάγκης για ενδοτραχειακή διασωλήνωση.
Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Η μέθοδος που χρησιμοποιήθηκε ήταν η αναζήτηση της σχετικής ελληνικής και διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας σε βάσεις δεδομένων (PubMed, EMBASE και Google Scholar) με λέξεις κλειδιά (awake pronoun position, covid-19, Sars-CoV2, hypoxemic, non-intubated και effects) σε όλους τους πιθανούς συνδυασμούς.
Αποτελέσματα: Η αναζήτηση κατέληξε σε 8 μελέτες, κατά την περίοδο 2020-2021 που πληρούσαν τα προκαθορισμένα κριτήρια. Μέσα από την αναζήτηση της βιβλιογραφίας διαπιστώθηκε πως η χρήση της πρηνούς θέσης σε υποξαιμικούς μη διασωληνωμένους ασθενείς με Covid-19 ως προς την ανάγκη για ενδοτραχειακή διασωλήνωση είναι αμφιλεγόμενο θέμα, αφού πέντε από τις ερευνητικές μελέτες δεν εντόπισαν στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στη χρήση ή όχι της πρηνούς θέσης, δύο μόνο μελέτες είχαν ως αποτέλεσμα τους μειωμένη ανάγκη διασωλήνωσης στη χρήση της πρηνούς θέσης. Φαίνεται όμως πώς η χρήση της βελτιώνει την ανταλλαγή αερίων και την οξυγόνωση, αν και αυτή η βελτίωση δεν φαίνεται να διαρκεί αρκετά όταν επανατοποθετηθούν ξανά σε ύπτια θέση. Επιπρόσθετα νοσηλευόμενοι που τοποθετήθηκαν σε πρηνή θέση είχαν ανάγκη για διασωλήνωση αργότερα συγκριτικά με τη μη χρήση της.
Συμπεράσματα: Υπάρχει ανάγκη εκτεταμένης έρευνας για το κατά πόσο όντος η πρηνής θέση μειώνει την ανάγκη για ενδοτραχειακή διασωλήνωση, βελτιώνει την οξυγόνωση και γενικά έχει θετικό αποτέλεσμα στη έκβαση της υγείας των νοσηλευόμενων.Complete
Παρεμβάσεις που βελτιώνουν τον ύπνο σε ασθενείς σε Μονάδες Εντατικής Θεραπείας
No full textΕισαγωγή: Ο ύπνος στους βαριά πάσχοντες ασθενείς στην ΜΕΘ συχνά είναι κατακερματισμένος και διαταραγμένος, προκαλώντας αρκετά προβλήματα στην υγεία και την μετέπειτα πορεία τους, καθυστερώντας την ανάρρωσή τους.
Σκοπός: Σκοπός αυτής της συστηματικής βιβλιογραφικής ανασκόπησης είναι να διερευνηθούν οι μη φαρμακολογικές παρεμβάσεις που μπορούν να εφαρμόσουν εύκολα οι νοσηλευτές, για την βελτίωση του ύπνου σε ενήλικες βαριά πάσχοντες ασθενείς που νοσηλεύονται σε μονάδες εντατικής θεραπείας.
Υλικό και Μέθοδος: Η μέθοδος που χρησιμοποιήθηκε ήταν η αναζήτηση της σχετικής ελληνικής και διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας στις βάσεις δεδομένων PubMed και CINAHL, με λέξεις-κλειδιά. Τα κριτήρια εισδοχής συμπεριλάμβαναν το είδος της παρέμβασης: χρήση ωτοασπίδων, μασκών ματιών, white noise (συγκάλυψη θορύβου) και χαλαρωτική μουσική. Οι κύριες μεταβλητές ήταν η ποιότητα και η ποσότητα του ύπνου.
Αποτελέσματα: Η αναζήτηση κατέληξε σε 10 μελέτες, των ετών 2009-2017, που πληρούσαν τα προκαθορισμένα κριτήρια. Μέσα από την ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας διαπιστώθηκε πως η χρήση χαλαρωτικής μουσικής, white noise, ωτοασπίδων και μασκών ματιών βελτιώνει την ποιότητα και την ποσότητα του ύπνου των βαριά πασχόντων ασθενών σε μονάδες εντατικής θεραπείας.
Συμπεράσματα: Όλες αυτές οι παρεμβάσεις, οι οποίες βελτιώνουν τον ύπνο, παράλληλα συνεργούν και στην καλύτερη ποιότητα φροντίδας, στην ψυχολογία, την επικοινωνία και την αναπνοή του ασθενή. Επιπλέον, συμβάλλουν στη μείωση του πόνου, στην βελτίωση του κιρκάδιου ρυθμού και στην ενίσχυση του ανοσοποιητικού συστήματος, καθώς και στην καλύτερη ανάρρωση και εξέλιξη της πορείας των ασθενών στις μονάδες εντατικής θεραπείας. Ως αποτέλεσμα, πέραν του οφέλους για τους ίδιους τους ασθενείς, μειώνονται ο φόρτος εργασίας, το κόστος και τα ποσοστά επανεισαγωγών των ασθενών.Introduction: Sleep among critically ill patients in the ICU is often interrupted and disturbed causing various problems in their health, their subsequent treatment, and delaying their convalescence.
Aim: The purpose of this systematic bibliographic review is to investigate non-pharmacological interventions that nurses may easily apply in an attempt to improve the sleep of critically ill adults, who are treated in intensive care units.
Material and Method: The method used in this case was the search of relative Greek and international bibliography in the databases of PubMed and CINAHL, with keywords. The inclusion criteria include the type of the intervention: use of earplugs, eye masks, white noise and relaxing music. The main variables were the quality and quantity of sleep.
Results: The search has ended up in 10 studies during the period 2009-2017, which fulfilled the present criteria. Within the search of bibliography, it was optimized that the use of inducing sleep music, white noise, earplugs and eye masks improved the quality and quantity of sleep of critically ill patients in intensive care units.
Conclusions: All these interventions that improve sleep, contribute, at the same time, towards an improvement of the quality of nursing care, in the psychology, communication and breathing, reduction of pain, improvement of circadian rhythm and improvement of the immune system, in a better convalescence and progress of the patients in the intensive care units. As a result, beyond the improved outcomes for the patients, the workload, the cost of care and readmission numbers are reduced.Complete
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Clinical trial of a composite integrative psycho-cognitive nursing intervention on clinical and psychological outcome of ICU patients
No full textIntroduction: In critical illness, adverse emotions, anxiety and pain influence patients’ psychological and physiological outcomes. When humans experience stress, specific stress-related neuropeptides are released into the hypothalamohypophyseal and systemic circulation including neuropeptide Y.
Aim: In critically ill patients, we aimed to:
1. Investigate the effects of a composite integrative psycho-cognitive nursing intervention on a) pain, anxiety, calm/relaxation levels and perceived quality of sleep, b) arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, c) disease severity, morbidity, mortality and length of stay and d) serum levels of the stress-related neuropeptide Y (NPY) and of the inflammatory/ apoptotic marker fasL, and
2. Explore the association between neuropeptide Y and a) pain and anxiety levels, c) disease severity, mortality and c) fasL, in patients receiving the intervention compared to patients receiving standard care only.
Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial design was employed with sixty general ICU patients randomized to an intervention (N=30) or standard care group (N=30). The 60-min intervention consisting of presence, touch/massage and relaxation, guided imagery, and music listening, was delivered individually every morning for up to 5 days. Eligibility criteria included age ≥18, Glasgow Coma scale (GCS) ≥ 9 and understanding Greek. Patients were assessed in the mornings, pre- and post- intervention. Outcome measures included pain ratings [3 scales: 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS, iself-reported and observer), behavioral pain scale (BPS), critical-care pain observation tool (CPOT)] and self-reported anxiety, relaxation/calm and quality of sleep (10-point NRS). NPY and FasL levels were measured pre- and post- intervention on days 1, 3 and 5. Patients’ disease severity was assessed by the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) as well as by the APACHE II, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) and GCS. Serum levels of NPY and FasL were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis included Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) (adjusting for pre-treatment measurements and other characteristics) and Linear mixed models (LMM) analysis. Comparisons between the intervention and control group at each time point and each day of study were assessed using a t-test and the effect size Cohen’s d.
Results: At baseline, no significant differences between study groups were noted. In the intervention group, significant decreases in CPOT pain ratings compared to the control group were observed over time for the 5-day follow up period (p<0,008), even after adjusting for confounders (age and gender, p<0.001). There was also a reduction from pre- to post- intervention measurements on each day. 1st day post- intervention, CPOT ratings in the control group (2.5+1.29) vs. the intervention group (1.44+1.26; p=0.004) suggest a strong effect size of the intervention (Cohen’s d=0.83). Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with 1st day post- intervention CPOT ratings and adjustment for disease severity, analgesics and pre-intervention pain levels, showed a significant difference in the mean pain level in the intervention group (p<0.001) Similar trends were observed with other pain scales as well. The intervention group also exhibited significantly increased relaxation/calm levels (p<0.001) and decreased anxiety levels (p=0.03) and decreased systolic blood pressure levels post- intervention over time (p=0.008). Anxiety ratings exhibited a positive association with pain ratings (p<0.001). A significant effect in improving perceived quality of sleep was also observed in the intervention group (p=0.016). Mean NPY post- intervention levels in the intervention group (0.71+0.14) were significantly lower than in controls (1.19+0.45) (t=2.95 p=0.012) with a high effect size (Cohen’s D=1.12). A statistically significant effect of the intervention on NPY levels was observed over time (p=0.024) even after adjustment for disease severity (SOFA and MODS) (p=0.038). NPY levels were positively associated with fasL levels (p<0.001), but neither was associated with SOFA and MODS scores.
Conclusions: The results of this randomized clinical trial, support the hypothesis that a composite supportive nursing intervention including massage, relaxation, imagery and music listening may improve critically ill patients’ physiological and psychological outcomes and experience of care. Furthermore, based on these results, it is probable that the favourable effects of the intervention are associated with decreased released of stress-neuropeptide levels, whereas, the effect on the inflammatory/ apoptotic marker fasL remain inconclusive. Further study is needed to standardize components of the composite intervention that may account for the largest proportion of the effect. The study of stress neuropeptides may provide further insight for the development and evaluation of psychodynamic holistic interventions for improving critically ill outcomes.Elisabeth Patiraki (Chair) Nicos Middleton (Member)Complete
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