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Ndikimi i faktorëve fonetikë në fjalëformat e gjuhës shqipe
Full text linkPhonetics, through dynamic accent and other processes, such as: sound melting, sound additions, assimilations and reductions of different types has played a dual role: sometimes it has made the morphological forms simpler, sometimes it has made them more diverse. Phonetic interventions have often disturbed the paradigmatic system. The consequences of these interventions are conditioned by the system, but also by the nature of the grammatical morphemes and the final sounds of the themes. In any position, two boundary sounds cannot be pronounced the same as they are pronounced separately. Their pronunciation changes, even when they are pronounced in the middle of a word or at the beginning of it. The pronunciation of each pair of sound boundaries varies depending on the different types of combinations within the word. But the effects and changes in border sounds at the end of a word form are different. There the sounds are more resistant both to each other and to the composition of the representative form of the word as a whole, thanks to the grammatical values that have the corresponding final morphemes. Even though are not invulnerable. Preservation or change of final boundary sounds is conditional; even the consequences are different. In the case of impact, so their change, they adapt to each other or together they melt. In the case of their preservation, they require extra-structural support. This will be the object of this paper.Fonetika, përmes theksit dinamik dhe proceseve të tjera, si: shkrirjes së tingujve, shtesave të tingujve, asimilimeve dhe të reduktimeve të llojeve të ndryshme ka luajtur një rol të dyfishtë: herë i ka bërë format morfologjike më të thjeshta, herë i ka bërë ato më të larmishme. Ndërhyrjet fonetike shpesh kanë trazuar sistemin paradigmatik. Rrjedhojat e këtyre ndërhyrjeve janë kushtëzuar nga sistemi, por edhe nga natyra e morfemave gramatikore dhe e tingujve fundorë të temave. Në çdo pozicion qofshin, dy tinguj kufitarë nuk mund të shqiptohen njëlloj siç shqiptohen ata më vete. Ndryshon shqiptimi i tyre, edhe kur ata shqiptohen në mes të fjalës a në fillim të saj. Shqiptimi i çdo çifti kufitar tingujsh ndryshon në varësi të llojeve të ndryshme të kombinimeve brenda fjalës. Por ndikimet dhe ndryshimet në tingujt kufitarë në fund të një fjalëforme janë të tjetër lloji. Aty tingujt janë më rezistentë edhe ndaj njëri-tjetrit, edhe ndaj përbërjes së formës përfaqësuese të fjalës në tërërsi, falë vlerave gramatikore që kanë morfemat fundore përkatëse. Megjithatë edhe ata nuk janë të paprekshëm. Ruajta e tingujve fundorë kufitarë apo ndryshimi i tyre është i kushtëzuar; edhe pasojat janë të ndryshme. Në rastin e ndikimit, pra të ndryshimit të tyre, ata përshtaten me njëri- tjetrin ose bashkëshkrihen. Në rastin e ruajtjes së tyre, kërkojnë mbështetje jashtëstrukturore. Ky do të jetë dhe objekti i punimit
Ndikimi i faktorëve fonetikë në fjalëformat e gjuhës shqipe
Full text linkPhonetics, through dynamic accent and other processes, such as: sound melting, sound additions, assimilations and reductions of different types has played a dual role: sometimes it has made the morphological forms simpler, sometimes it has made them more diverse. Phonetic interventions have often disturbed the paradigmatic system. The consequences of these interventions are conditioned by the system, but also by the nature of the grammatical morphemes and the finalsounds of the themes. In any position, two boundary sounds cannot be pronounced the same as they are pronounced separately. Their pronunciation changes, even when they are pronounced in the middle of a
word or at the beginning of it. The pronunciation of each pair of sound boundaries varies depending on
the different types of combinations within the word. But the effects and changes in border sounds at the end of a word form are different. There the sounds are more resistant both to each other and to the composition of the representative form of the word as a whole, thanks to the grammatical values that have the corresponding final morphemes. Even though are not invulnerable. Preservation or change of final boundary sounds is conditional; even the consequences are different. In the case of impact, so their change, they adapt to each other or together they melt. In the case of their preservation, they require extra-structural support. This will be the object of this paper.Fonetika, përmes theksit dinamik dhe proceseve të tjera, si: shkrirjes së tingujve, shtesave të tingujve, asimilimeve dhe të reduktimeve të llojeve të ndryshme ka luajtur një rol të dyfishtë: herë i ka bërë format morfologjike më të thjeshta, herë i ka bërë ato më të larmishme.
Ndërhyrjet fonetike shpesh kanë trazuar sistemin paradigmatik. Rrjedhojat e këtyre ndërhyrjeve janë kushtëzuar nga sistemi, por edhe nga natyra e morfemave gramatikore dhe e tingujve fundorë të temave. Në çdo pozicion qofshin, dy tinguj kufitarë nuk mund të shqiptohen njëlloj siç shqiptohen ata më vete. Ndryshon shqiptimi i tyre, edhe kur ata shqiptohen në mes të fjalës a në fillim të saj. Shqiptimi i çdo çifti kufitar tingujsh ndryshon në varësi të llojeve të ndryshme të kombinimeve brenda fjalës. Por ndikimet dhe ndryshimet në tingujt kufitarë në fund të një fjalëforme janë të tjetër lloji. Aty tingujt janë më rezistentë edhe ndaj njëri-tjetrit, edhe ndaj përbërjes së formës përfaqësuese të fjalës në tërërsi, falë vlerave gramatikore që kanë morfemat fundore përkatëse. Megjithatë edhe ata nuk janë të paprekshëm. Ruajta e tingujve fundorë kufitarë apo ndryshimi i tyre është i kushtëzuar; edhe pasojat janë të ndryshme. Në rastin e ndikimit, pra të ndryshimit të tyre, ata përshtaten me njëri- tjetrin ose bashkëshkrihen. Në rastin e ruajtjes së tyre, kërkojnë mbështetje jashtëstrukturore. Ky do të jetë dhe objekti i punimit
Të jesh mësues në Shqipëri - Sfidat dhe problemet
Full text linkA qualitative education depends on the skills of teachers who are the most important chain of this sector. Teachers’ education is an essential process for every country, due to their crucial role for our future. But, being a teacher in Albanian is not easy. There is a challenging way to become ready for the labour market. This journey is accompanied by hard word and years of experience. This work will focus on teachers education and steps to be followed to become an pre-school elementary and high school teacher. There are several criteria to be followed and the process is long. But even after becoming an official teacher, another component is the education in continuity which a never-ending experience for a teacher. Beside the theoretical teaching, professional practice is an important step in this process, which consists of a series of challenges. At the end, the aim is that the graduated teacher must have all the necessary knowledge to put at disposal of the students during work with children.Një edukim cilësor varet nga aftësitë e mësuesve që janë hallka më e rëndësishme e këtij sektori. Edukimi i mësuesve është një proces thelbësor për çdo vend, për shkak të rolit të tyre vendimtar për të ardhmen tonë. Por, të jesh mësues në gjuhën shqipe nuk është e lehtë. Ekziston një mënyrë sfiduese për t’u bërë gati për tregun e punës. Ky udhëtim shoqërohet me fjalë të vështira dhe vite përvojë.
Ky punim do të fokusohet në edukimin e mësuesve dhe hapat që duhen ndjekur për t’u bërë mësues parashkollor fillor dhe të mesëm. Ka disa kritere që duhen ndjekur dhe procesi është i gjatë. Por edhe pasi bëhet mësues zyrtar, një komponent tjetër është edukimi në vazhdimësi, një përvojë e pafund për një mësues. Krahas mësimdhënies teorike, praktika profesionale është një hap i rëndësishëm në këtë proces, i cili përbëhet nga një sërë sfidash. Në fund, synohet që mësuesi i diplomuar të ketë të gjitha njohuritë e nevojshme për t’i vënë në dispozicion nxënësve gjatë punës me fëmijët
THEMES OF GRAMMATICAL FORMS IN THE NOMINATIVE SYSTEM
Full text linkThe grammatical phenomenon of transforming a grammatical form into a new topic, as a representative form of speech or as a topic within a paradigm, we will call grammatical thematization. This phenomenon has been quite widespread in the historical development of the morphological structure of Albanian language. It is spread throughout the morphological system of variable parts of speech. Thematizations of grammatical forms are new linguistic states obtained for psychological, social, and linguistic reasons. In the noun system, the most numerous and obvious cases of thematization of grammatical forms are observed in the grammatical category of number. The most common process has been to use many grammatical plural forms as singular. These conversions from the plural form to the singular are generally called singularized plurals. Due to the occurrence of this phenomenon in different periods - often even in very old periods - they have completely replaced the singular and formed a new plural. The thematization of grammatical forms should not only be ascertained but should also be followed historically. However, the paper deals with special issues that can serve as a starting point for further studies and in-depth studies.Keywords: Thematization, grammatical form, noun system, grammatical category
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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