629 research outputs found
Bone Response to Cyclooxygenase Inhibition and Mechanical Loading
No full textBone is a dynamic tissue constantly adapting to daily mechanical forces. Suppressing the bone’s ability to adapt to increased forces may lead to insufficient strength and ultimately fracture. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) block the bone formation response to a single load. However, the effect of chronic NSAID use on the bone formation response to multiple loads is unknown. Since Cox-2 inhibitors are used for treating chronic pain, it is essential to investigate their effects on bone. NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (Cox) enzyme which is the rate limiting step in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and a key step in the bone response to loading. PGE2 activates downstream signaling molecules of the low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 (Lrp5) pathway independent of Lrp5 receptor activation. The Lrp5 pathway is a primary mediator of mechanical loading in bone. To better understand the interaction of the PGE2 and Lrp5 pathways, Lrp5-/- and gain of function mice (HBM) were used to test the effects of chronic Cox-2 inhibition with loading. |The results confirmed that Cox inhibitors block the bone formation response to a single load; however, chronic Cox-2 inhibition did not suppress the bone formation response to multiple loads. Furthermore there was no interaction between Cox-2 inhibition and varying levels of Lrp5 expression. |Cox-2 is the primary isoform in the bone response to a single mechanical load. To investigate the difference in response to a single versus multiple loads, Cox-1 and Cox-2 gene responses were measured. Cox-2 gene expression in osteocytes increased after loading while Cox-1 gene expression did not. However, immunohistochemistry showed cells expressing Cox-1 increased along the periosteal and endocortical surfaces following multiple loads.|In conclusion, Cox inhibition suppressed the bone formation response to a single load but not to multiple loads. Osteocyte Cox-1 gene expression was not upregulated to compensate for Cox-2 inhibition but Cox-1 activation along the periosteal and endocortical surfaces may play a role in the adaptive response to loading. While Cox-2 is important in the initial response to loading, Cox-1 may play a role in bone adaptation to multiple loading sessions.ProQuest Traditional Publishing Optionxi, 100 pagesxi, 100 page
Nutrient management guidelines for Russet Burbank potatoes
No full textBulletin no. 840 Moscow, Idaho :University of Idaho, College of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension System, 2004-10-01. Author(s): Stark, Jeff; Westermann, Dale; Hopkins, Bryan
Athabasca Creamery Staff
No full textPhotograph - Staff at Athabasca Creameries, Athabasca, Alberta. Left to right, Cliff Donahue, Russell Thorne, Don King, Lottie Bryan, Clara King, Jean Crawford, T. McLea
Obstacles on the path: An exposition of the experience of car-free living
No full textThe contemporary focus by local and central government on the promotion of sustainable transport options has highlighted the need for commuting to move away from the current dependence on private cars to more public and active (walking and cycling) modes of transport. Given the prominence of the motor car in personal transport options however, choosing to live car-free in this car dependent culture appears at first glance to be an irrational choice. This research explores the lived experiences of a group of Hamilton residents who have made such a choice. Using a grounded theory approach, the thesis presents the results of interviews with nine car-free Hamilton residents who shared their personal transport stories, which include their childhood experiences, but focus on their current everyday practices and experiences. Through semi-structured interviews, the costs and benefits of a car-free lifestyle are articulated and analysed. Their motivations for choosing to forgo cars and their solutions for overcoming potential barriers to car-free living are also reported and explored. The collected data generated a range of themes which are presented in three chapters, each covering a specific aspect of the participants’ stories. The first group of themes relate to the public sphere, the second to the private realm and the final group emanates from specific elements of car-free living that the thesis sought to clarify through the participants’ stories. The key finding is that living car-free within Hamilton City is viewed by the participants as a well reasoned and eminently sensible choice, which produces multiple benefits. In addition to their reduced environmental footprints, the participants value the social interaction associated with active and public transport. Their consensus is that they are healthier, wealthier and more involved members of the community. The most problematic areas of living without a car were associated with recreational and social activities, which often do not coincide with public transport schedules or involve distances too great for active transport. The benefits far outweigh any disadvantages however, and ultimately, this thesis concludes that a motor car is not necessary for the everyday activities of urban living in Hamilton and any associated inconveniences are not as insurmountable as generally imagined
Integrating climate change into Northeast and Midwest state wildlife action plans
No full textThe purpose of this Northeast Climate Science Center-led (NE CSC) cooperative report is to provide a synthesis of what is known and what is uncertain about climate change and its impacts across the NE CSC region, with a particular focus on the responses and vulnerabilities of Regional Species of Greatest Conservation Need (RSGCN) and the habitats they depend on. Another goal is to describe a range of climate change adaptation approaches, processes, tools, and potential partnerships that are available to State natural resource managers across the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States. Through illustrative case studies submitted by the NE CSC and partners, the report discusses climate change adaptation efforts being explored and implemented across local and large-landscape scales.The suggested citation for this report is: Staudinger, M. D., T. L. Morelli, and A. M. Bryan. 2015. Integrating Climate Change into Northeast and Midwest State Wildlife Action Plans. DOI Northeast Climate Science Center Report, Amherst, Massachusetts
Application of Phase Change Materials for Building Energy Retrofits in a Hot Arid Climate
No full textabstract: In 2018, building energy use accounted for over 40% of total primary energy consumption in the United States; moreover, buildings account for ~40% of national CO2 emissions. One method for curbing energy use in buildings is to apply Demand Side Management (DSM) strategies, which focus on reducing the energy demand through various technological and operational approaches in different building sectors.
This PhD research examines the integration of DSM strategies in existing residential and commercial buildings in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area, a hot-arid climate. The author proposes three different case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of one DSM strategy in buildings, namely the integration of Phase Change Materials (PCMs). PCMs store energy in the freezing process and use that stored energy in the melting process to reduce the energy demand. The goal of these case studies is to analyze the potential of each strategy to reduce peak load and overall energy consumption in existing buildings.
First, this dissertation discusses the efficacy of coupling PCMs with precooling strategies in residential buildings to reduce peak demand. The author took a case study approach and simulated two precooling strategies, with and without PCM integration, in two sample single-family homes to assess the impact of the DSM strategies (i.e., precooling and PCM integration) on load shifting and load shedding in each home.
Second, this research addresses the feasibility of using PCMs as sensible and latent heat storage in commercial buildings. The author documents the process of choosing buildings for PCM installation, as well as the selection of PCMs for retrofitting purposes. Commercial building case studies compare experimental and simulation results, focusing on the impact of the PCMs on reducing the total annual energy demand and energy cost.
Finally, this research proposes a novel process for selecting PCMs as energy efficiency measures for building retrofits. This process facilitates the selection of a building and PCM that are complementary. Implementation of this process has not yet been tested; however, the process was developed based on experimental and simulation results from prior studies, and it would alleviate many of the PCM performance issues documented in those studies.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 202
More Mirrors, Windows, and Sliding Doors: A Period of Growth in African American Young Adult Literature (2001 to 2021)
No full textBryan Ripley Crandall is a contributing author, \u27As In\u27 An Award Winning Writer: Kwame Alexander, chapter 4, pp.33-44.
This is the third book in a three volume series celebrating and examining about the work of 11 of the most prominent African American authors since 2000. The eleven identified authors are Andrea Davis Pinkney, Coe Booth, Sheila P. Moses, Kwame Alexander, Kekla Magoon, Jason Reynolds, Varian Johnson, Renee Watson, Tiffany D. Jackson, Nnedi Okorafor, and Lamar Giles. These authors build on the work of the authors in books two and three. The chapter authors—librarians and established and emerging scholars in the field of young adult literature--survey the work of each author, their accolades, and how audiences responded to their work. Each chapter highlights a single work and discusses how it might be taught in a classroom with a focus on introductory, during, and concluding activities for individuals, small groups and the whole class. This volume is a resource for classroom teachers, teacher educators, reading specialists, librarians, and other educators who study, research, and read young adult literature. Even more importantly it can be resource for students who read and study these authors at the secondary and collegiate level. This is especially true when the current moment in the U. S. shows facing anew concerns of voting rights and discussion of how and when Critical Race Theory or any discussion of Race might take place in a classroom.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/education-books/1069/thumbnail.jp
Seeing Speech: A Pronunciation Toolkit for Indigenous Language Teaching and Learning
No full textPronunciation can present a serious challenge for language teachers and learners (e.g., Munro & Derwing 2015). In the context of Indigenous languages in particular, this can be compounded by a number of factors, including small numbers of speakers and teachers, a paucity of pedagogical resources and clear descriptions of sound systems, and the pressures faced by heritage learners to authentically preserve their ancestral language (Carpenter 1997; Hinton 2011; Hinton & Ahlers 1999). Latent speakers may be inhibited from speaking by perceived concerns over their pronunciation, particularly in the presence of elders (Basham & Fatham 2008), and other learners may face similar social and linguistic challenges. Despite these hurdles, pronunciation is considered by many to be an important aspect of Indigenous language learning, and one which requires creative community-oriented solutions (AUTHOR & Kell 2015; Carpenter 1997). Towards this end, we have developed a pronunciationlearning toolthat incorporates ultrasound technology, giving learners a visual aid to help them learn to articulate challenging or unfamiliar sounds, for example “back of the mouth” consonants (e.g. /k/ vs. /q/). Ultrasound is used to create videos of a model speaker’s tongue movements during speech, which are then overlaid on videos of an external profile view of the model’s head to create ultrasound-enhanced pronunciation videos for individual words or sounds (Abel et al. 2015). A key advantage of these videos is that they allow learners direct access to the articulatory shapes and movements that are involved in pronouncing challenging words or sounds; learners are able see how speech is produced rather than just hear and try to mimic it. Although ultrasound-enhanced videos were originally developed for commonly taught languages such as Japanese and French, there has been widespread interest from Indigenous communities in Western Canada to develop their own customized videos. To date, we have partnered with communities in Alberta and British Columbia to develop videos for four languages: SENĆOŦEN, Secwepemc, Halq’emeylem, and Blackfoot. Community-driven and capacity-building, these projects involved training community members in how to produce customized ultrasound-enhanced videos using our toolkit. The resulting videos will be featured in our presentation, along with demonstrations of how and why to use ultrasound in pronunciation teaching. Our goal is to show that the ultrasound-enhanced videos can help to address some of the challenges of pronunciation learning in Indigenous languages by giving learners a new way to understand pronunciation that focuses on seeing speech. References Abel, J., B. Allen, S. Burton, M. Kazama, M. Noguchi, A. Tsuda, N. Yamane, & AUTHOR. 2015. Ultrasound-Enhanced Multimodal Approaches to Pronunciation Teaching and Learning. Canadian Acoustics 43 (3), 130-131. Basham, C. and A. Fathman. 2008. The latent speaker: Attaining adult fluency in an endangered language. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 11: 577-97. AUTHOR and S. Kell. Pronunciation in the context of language revitalization. Paper presented at ICLDC 4, 2015. Carpenter, V. 1997. Teaching Children to "Unlearn" the Sounds of English. In Teaching Indigenous Languages, ed. by Jon Reyhner. Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona University, pp. 31-39. Hinton, L. 2011. Language revitalization and language pedagogy: New teaching and learning strategies. Language and Education 25(4): 307-318, Hinton, L. and J. Ahlers. 1999. The issue of “authenticity” in California language restoration. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 30: 56-67. Munro, M. J. & Derwing, T. M. 2015. A prospectus for pronunciation research in the 21st century: A point of view. Journal of Second Language Pronunciation 1(1): 11-42
Memory, space and time: Researching children's lives
No full textThis article discusses the research approach in 'Pathways through Childhood', a small qualitative study drawing on memories of childhood. The research explores how wider social arrangements and social change influence children's everyday lives.The article discusses the way that the concepts of social memory, space and time have been drawn on to access and analyse children's experiences, arguing that attention to the temporal and spatial complexity of childhood reveals less visible yet formative influences and connections. Children's everyday engagements involve connections between past and present time, between children, families, communities and nations, and between different places. Children carve out space and time for themselves from these complex relations. © The Author(s) 2010
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