1,721,025 research outputs found
Action regulation across the adult lifespan (ARAL): A metatheory of work and aging
No full textThe goals of this article are to integrate action regulation theory (ART) with the lifespan developmental perspective and to outline tenets of a new metatheory of work and aging. The action regulation across the adult lifespan (ARAL) theory explains how workers influence, and are influenced by, their environment across different time spans. First, the basic concepts of ART are described, including the sequential and hierarchical structure of actions, complete tasks and actions, foci of action regulation, and the action-regulating mental model. Second, principles of the lifespan developmental perspective are delineated, including development as a lifelong and multidirectional process, the joint occurrence of gains and losses, intraindividual plasticity, historical embeddedness, and contextualism. Third, propositions of ARAL theory are derived by analyzing workers’ action regulation from a lifespan developmental perspective (i.e., effects of aging on action regulation), and by analyzing aging and development in the work context from an ART perspective (i.e., effects of action regulation on age-related changes in cognition and personality). Fourth, we develop further propositions to integrate ART with lifespan theories of motivation and socioemotional experience. Finally, we discuss implications for future research and practice based on ARAL theory
Das Arbeiten mit Kollaborationsplattformen – Neue Anforderungen an die Arbeitsgestaltung und interessenpolitische Regulierung
No full textThe role of cognitive resources for subjective work ability and health in nursing
No full textCognitive resources can be considered to be key variables in the context of work ability and health, particularly in the aging workforce. However, research on this issue is sparse, lacking a comprehensive examination of specific cognitive functions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association of cognitive resources with subjective work ability and health in more detail. In 166 geriatric care workers (mean age 42.1 years, SD = 11.5, range 20–62), subjective work ability and health were asses- sed. Additionally, a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests measuring crystallized intelligence, cognitive speed, short- term memory, working memory, and inhibition was admin- istered in a standardized procedure. Controlling for individual differences in age, education, depressive symptoms, self- regulation strategies (in terms of selective optimization with compensation), and cognitive resources (particularly better performance in short-term memory, working memory, and inhibition) were related to better subjective work ability and health. The present results demonstrate the relation of a variety of specific cognitive functions with subjective work ability and health over and above individual differences in age, education, depressive symptoms, and self-regulation strategies. Implications to explicitly consider a set of cognitive resources in models of work and organizational psychology, particularly with respect to the aging workforce, are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Gesundheitserhaltende und lernförderliche Gestaltung des Führens durch Ziele - wie Leistungsziele durch die Beteiligung der Beschäftigten an der Zielsetzung angepasst werden können ; [kumulative Dissertation]
No full textAufgrund der erwarteten positiven Auswirkungen auf die Leistung der Beschäftigten, wird die Methode des Führens durch Ziele in einem Großteil der deutschen Unternehmen angewandt. Befragungen weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass das Führen durch Ziele auch mit negativen Auswirkungen in Verbindung gebracht werden kann. In der Arbeit wird zunächst die problematische Anwendung der Vorgabe von schwierigen und spezifischen Leistungszielen in der Praxis hinterfragt, indem Problemstellen durch arbeitspsychologische Modelle aufgezeigt werden. Anschließend werden diese Annahmen empirisch geprüft und Ansatzpunkte für eine integrative Umsetzung der Erkenntnisse in die Praxis gegeben. Werden in Unternehmen Leistungsziele ohne Berücksichtigung der Leistungsvoraussetzungen der Beschäftigten abgeleitet, sind Fehlbeanspruchungen nicht auszuschließen - folglich widerspricht die Umsetzung des Führens durch Ziele in vielen deutschen Unternehmen, den Forderungen des Arbeitsschutzgesetzes.Management by objectives is widely-spread as many companies anticipate a positive effect on performance. However, in surveys, management by objectives is described as a source for high workload, which in turn leads to stress-associated illness. In this dissertation, the practice of difficult and specific performance goals is scrutinized. Potentially problematic issues are addressed by work psychological concepts. Hypotheses are tested empirically and lead to criteria for an integrative design of management by objectives. If performance goals are derived from company goals without taking individual performance requisites into account, negative effects on mental strain cannot be ruled out. Thus, if not executed properly, modern practice of management by objectives violates work safety laws.vorgelegt von Johannes Hopp
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