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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Einfluss von regelmäßiger körperlicher Belastung auf Herzfrequenzregulation, Leistungsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität bei permanentem Vorhofflimmern
Get PDFZiel: diese prospektive Pilotstudie wurde durchgeführt, um zu evaluieren, ob regelmäßiges körperliches Training die Herzfrequenz senken, die Leistungsfähigkeit steigern und die Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit permanentem VHF verbessern kann.
Methoden: 10 Patienten (Alter 59±10 a, Anamnese mit VHF: 9.8±7.6 a) nahmen an einem viermonatigen Ausdauertraining (2x wöchentlich 45 min Jogging/Walking) teil, das an ihre individuelle körperliche Belastbarkeit angepasst wurde. Alle Patienten unterzogen sich einer echokardiographischen und spiroergometrischen Untersuchung zu Beginn und am Ende der Trainingsintervention. Die Patienten nahmen an Laktatfeldstufentests teil, die zu Beginn, nach 2 und nach 4 Monaten durchgeführt wurden. Zur Erhebung des subjektiven Belastungsempfindens wurde die Borgskala eingesetzt. Psychopathometrische Untersuchung wurden durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse: nach vier Monaten Trainingsintervention sank die Ruheherzfrequenz während Vorhofflimmern von 87±18 auf 78±15 S/min (p=0.02). Die mittlere Herzfrequenz im Holter-EKG sank nach der Trainingsintervention von 76±20 auf 67±12 S/min (p= 0.05). Bei spiroergometrischer Belastung konnten signifikante Senkungen der Herzfrequenzrate bei jeder bis auf eine Schwierigkeitsstufe beobachtet werden. Dieser Effekt zeigte sich trotz allgemein höherer Schwierigkeitsstufen. Die maximale Herzfrequenz bei spiroergometrischer Untersuchung sinkt hochsignifikant von 168±34 auf 152±35 S/ min (p=0.001). Bei 8 Patienten zeigt sich eine signifikante Herzfrequenzsenkung von 166±38 auf 144±34 S/min (p=0.0018). Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg der Geh- bzw. Laufgeschwindigkeit bei einem definierten Laktatwert von 2 mmol/l von 105±11 auf 113±12 m/min (p=0.03) nach zwei Monaten und zum Ende der Intervention eine weitere signifikante Erhöhung auf 116±12 m/ min (p=0.05). Bei einer Gehgeschwindigkeit von 1.6 m/s sinken die Laktatwerte nach vier Monaten signifikant von 1.65±0.66 auf 1.1±0.5 mmol/l (p= 0.009). Ebenso bei einer Gehgeschwindigkeit von 1.9 m/s zeigten sich signifikant niedrigere Laktatwerte vom Beginn der Studie verglichen mit den Werten nach zwei Monaten: die Laktatwerte sanken von 2.7±1.2 auf 2.5±1.3 mmol/l (p=0.02). nach zwei Monaten verglichen mit Studienbeginn. Die Einschätzung des subjektiven Belastungsempfindens mittels der Borgskala verbesserte sich signifikant von 11±4 zu Studienbeginn auf 8±4 nach zwei Monaten (p=0.03).). Bei zwei Patienten wurde die Dosis des Beta-Blockers reduziert und bei einem Patienten wurde die Digoxin–Therapie beendet.
Zusammenfassung: Regelmäßiges moderates körperliches Ausdauertraining führt zu einer verbesserten Herzfrequenzregulation bei Patienten mit permanentem VHF. Regelmäßiges körperliches Ausdauertraining führt zudem zu einer erhöhten Belastbarkeit einhergehend mit einer gesenkten Herzfrequenz während körperlicher Aktivität und in Ruhe. Moderates Ausdauertraining hat positiven Einfluß auf die Lebensqualität und kann zu einer Reduzierung der antiarrhythmischen Medikamente führen. Körperliches Training sollte daher das therapeutische Spektrum erweitern. Weiterführende Untersuchungen an größeren Patientenkollektiven sind allerdings erforderlich zur Klärung der optimalen Belastungsform.
Aims: This prospective pilot-study was performed to assess whether regular moderate physical activity may decrease the heart rate, increases exercise capacity and improves quality of life during atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods: 10 patients (age 59±10 years, average duration of AF was 9.8±7.6 years) underwent moderate physical endurance exercise adjusted to their individual capacities (45 min walking/jogging, twice a week) during four months. All patients were examined echocardiographically and spiroergometrically before and after training intervention. Patients underwent a graded exercise test to determine lactate thresholds at baseline, after 2 and 4 months supported by the Borg Scale. Psycho-pathometric examinations were obtained.
Results: After four months of training intervention the resting heart rate decreased during atrial fibrillation from 87±18 to 78±15 beats/min (p=0.02). The mean ventricular rate decreased after the training intervention from 76±20 to 67±12 beats/min (p=0.05). At spiroergometrical exposure significant decreases of the ventricular rate could be observed at almost every exercise level. This effect was shown despite of an overall higher exercise level. The maximal heart rate during spirometric stress testing decreased from 168±34 to 152 ±35 beats/min (p=0.001). In 8 patients a decrease of the heart rate was shown on the absolute stress level from 166±38 to 144±34 beats/min (p=0.0018). An increase of the walking or running speed at a lactate threshold of 2 mmol/l was observed from 105±11 m/min at baseline to 113±12 m/min after two months (p=0.03) to 116±12m/min after four months (p=0.05). At a walking/running speed of 1.6 m/s the lactate threshold decreased significantly from 1.65±0.66 to 1.1±0.5 mmol/l (p=0.009) after four months compared to baseline. At a walking/running speed of 1.9 m/s the lactate parameters decreased from 2.7±1.2 to 2.5±1.3 mmol/l (p=0.02) after two months compared to baseline. The assessment of perceived exertion by using Borg Scale improved from 11±4 at baseline to 8 ±4 after two months (p=0.03). In two participants the dose of beta-blockers was reduced and digoxin was terminated in another. Seven of eight items of the SF 36 quality of life questionnaire improved after four months.
Conclusion: Regular moderate physical endurance exercise training leads to an improved heart rate regulation in patients with AF. In addition it leads to an increased physical capacity accompanied with a decreased heart rate during physical activity and at rest. Regular moderate endurance training reduces the need for antitachycardic medication. It affects the quality of life positively. Physical activity should be considered for patients with AF in addition to a drug regiment therapy only. It could widen up the therapeutic spectrum for patients with AF. Further studies with a bigger collective of patients are necessarily to clear the optimal modus of physical exercise
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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