1,720,956 research outputs found
Mekanisme Inflamasi/ Peradangan
Get PDFPeradangan adalah respons jaringan yang mengalami
vaskularisasi terhadap infeksi dan jaringan rusak yang
membawa sel dan molekul pertahanan tubuh dari sirkulasi ke
tempat yang membutuhkannya, guna menghilangkan agen
penyebab. Meskipun dalam istilah medis dan awam,
peradangan menunjukkan reaksi yang merugikan, sebenarnya
peradangan merupakan respons perlindungan yang penting
untuk kelangsungan hidup. Ini berfungsi untuk membersihkan
inang dari penyebab awal kerusakan sel (misalnya mikroba,
racun) dan akibat dari kerusakan tersebut (misalnya sel dan
jaringan nekrotik). Mediator pertahanan meliputi leukosit
fagositik, antibodi, dan protein komplemen. Kebanyakan dari
zat-zat ini biasanya bersirkulasi di dalam darah, dan dari sana
mereka dapat dengan cepat direkrut ke bagian mana pun di
dalam tubuh; beberapa sel juga berada di jaringan. Proses
peradangan mengantarkan sel-sel dan protein-protein ini ke
jaringan-jaringan yang rusak atau nekrotik dan penyerang
asing, seperti mikroba, dan mengaktifkan sel-sel dan molekulmolekul yang direkrut, yang kemudian berfungsi untuk
membuang zat-zat berbahaya atau tidak diinginkan. Tanpa
peradangan, infeksi tidak akan terkendali, luka tidak akan
pernah sembuh, dan jaringan yang terluka mungkin akan tetap menjadi luka bernanah permanen. Selain sel inflamasi,
komponen imunitas bawaan juga mencakup sel lain, seperti sel
pembunuh alami, sel dendritik, dan sel epitel, serta faktor
terlarut seperti protein sistem komplemen
Penyakit Parkinson
Get PDFPenyakit parkinson merupakan penyakit neurode-generatif multi sistem yang progresif, terutama pada usia lanjut. Penyakit ini merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif kedua yang paling umum di seluruh dunia setelah alzheimer, dengan insiden dan prevalensi yang meningkat seiring dengan perubahan demografi pada populasi (Pringsheim dkk, 2014).
Prevalensi penyakit parkinson di negara-negara industri umumnya diperkirakan sebesar 0,3% dari seluruh populasi dan sekitar 1% pada orang yang berusia di atas 60 tahun. Prevalensinya meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia baik pada pria maupun wanita. Di Eropa, prevalensi pada usia 85 - 89 tahun dilaporkan sebesar 3,5% (Sveinbjornsdottir, 2016).
Penyakit parkinsons di Indonesia menduduki urutan ke-12 di dunia, dan nomor 5 di Asia untuk jumlah kasus kematian terbanyak akibat penyakit parkinsons. Pada tahun 2002 terdapat prevalensi 1100 kematian. Pada tahun 2010 ditemukan 876.665 penderita penyakit parkinson di Indonesia. The Global Burden of Disease Study mengatakan jumlah kasus penyakit parkinson pada tahun 2040 akan bertambah pesat dari sekitar 7 juta menjadi 13 juta, hal ini menunjukkan potensi pandemi penyakit parkinson (Zein & Khairunisa, 2023)
Cara Mengidentifikasi Jaringan Tulang Rawan, Tulang Dewasa dan Penulangan
Get PDFIdentifikasi berbagai jenis jaringan tubuh sangatlah
penting dalam memahami struktur dan fungsi suatu organ.
Jaringan tulang rawan, tulang, dan proses osifikasi memainkan
peran penting dengan tujuan menyokong, menggerakkan dan
melindungi tubuh. Matriksnya yang harus kokoh dan kuat
menahan beban terpancar dari bentuk fisiknya yang
mendukung hal tersebut.
Bab ini akan memberikan wawasan rinci tentang
identifikasi jaringan penyokong ini, menguraikan karakteristik
khasnya termasuk proses osifikasi. Adanya pemaparan bentuk
histologi yang rinci akan memudahkan pengenalan akan
jaringan-jaringan tersebut
Perbandingan Tingkat Penyembuhan Tulang Antara Isolated Tibial Diaphyseal Fracture, Both Tibial dan Fibula Diaphyseal Fracture Setelah Terapi Interlocking Intramedullary Solid Nail
Get PDFABSTRACTOne of the fixation method is interlocking intramedullary solid nail that can enhance the callus formation in tibial diaphyseal fracture through the secondary healing. The research aimed to compare the rate of bone healing between isolated tibial diaphyseal fracture and both diaphyseal tibial and fibular fracture after therapy solid interlocking intramedullary nail. This research was conducted by comparing the results of the cure rate among patients with isolated fractures of the tibia and fracture of the tibia with fractures of the fibula during November 2007 to December 2015. The first group, comprising 29 patients and the second group comprised 47 patients. All patients had solid action intramedullary nail. The evaluation was done 30 weeks post-surgery, to assess the Union Rate using Radiographic Union Score for tibial Fractures (RUST). Data were analyzed using non-parametric test of Mann-Whitney test for comparing the union rate between the two groups. The results showed that 27 of 29 patients with isolated tibial fractures had RUST score > 7 and 2 patients with RUST score 7 and 3 patients with a score < 7. Keywords: Interlocking intramedullary solid nail, Isolated Tibial Diaphyseal Fracture Radiographic Union Score, Unionrat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
