105,164 research outputs found
Das Staubsche Gesetz in Hasle-Rüegsau
No full textDas Staubsche Gesetz in Hasle-Rüegsau
Friedrich Staub (1826-1896) war Mitinitiant und erster Chefredakteur des Schweizerischen Idiotikons. In der Linguistik ist aber auch für das nach ihm benannte Staubsche Gesetz bekannt, das er 1877 in der Zeitschrift „Die deutschen Mundarten“ veröffentlichte. Gemäss diesem Gesetz schwindet in der Lautfolge Vokal, Nasal, Frikativ der Nasal und längt den verbleibenden Vokal (Ersatzdehnung). Je nach Wort und Region wandelt sich der gelängte Vokal anschliessend zu einem Diphthong (Glaser 2012: 255). Das Staubsche Gesetz lässt sich folgendermassen formulieren:
Vn --> V̅ / _ Frikativ, wobei V̅ zu einem Diphthong werden kann
Zur Zeit der Datenerfassung für den Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz (SDS) war das Staubsche Gesetz besonders im Kanton Bern, im deutschsprachigen Teil des Kantons Wallis, sowie in den ostschweizer Kantonen St. Gallen, Thurgau und den beiden Appenzell stark verbreitet, kam aber in einzelnen Worten auch in der Innerschweiz vor. Bereits 1977 wies Iwar Werlen in der „Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik“ darauf hin, dass sich das Staubsche Gesetz in der Schweiz auf dem Rückzug befindet. Im Rahmen eines Masterseminares habe ich 2012 in Hasle-Rüegsau Daten erhoben, um den heutigen Stand des Staubschen Gesetztes dort zu überprüfen. Aus den Karten des Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz (SDS II 125-136) geht hervor, dass das Interessegebiet in einer Region liegt, in der bereits beim Erfassen des SDS das Staubsche Gesetz nicht mehr konsequent angewendet wurde und bereits viel Variation zeigte. Während der Studie wurden 49 Personen aus 4 Altersklassen persönlich zur Staubschen Gesetz befragt und ihre Aussagen anschliessend mit den Karten des SDS verglichen.
Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen weder einen fortschreitenden Rückzug noch eine stärkere Verbreitung des Staubschen Gesetzes in Hasle-Rüegsau, dafür aber noch mehr Variation. Diese ist besonders im Bereich von /-Vns/ und /-Vnʃ/ zu beobachten, wo heute mehr Variation zu verzeichnen ist als im SDS dokumentiert wurde.
Quellen:
Baumgartner Heinrich und Hotzenköcherle Rudolf (1965). Lautgeographie: Vokalqualität, Konsonantismus. In: Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz, Band 2. Bern: Francke Verlag
Christen Helen, Glaser Elvira und Friedli Matthias (2012). Kleiner Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz. Frauenfeld: Verlag Huber
Werlen Iwar (1977). Das „Staubsche Gesetz“ im Schweizerdeutschen. In: Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik, Jg. 44, H. 3 (1977). Wiesbaden: Verlag Steine
Wczesnojurajskie zarlacze z formacji Hasle na Bornholmie [Dania]
No full textA selachian fauna from the early Pliensbachian (Uptonia jamesoni to Prodactylioceras davoei zones) is recorded from the Hasle Formation on the island of Bornholm. Three hybodont sharks, Hybodus reticulatus, H. delabechei and Lissodus hasleensis sp. n., and three neoselachians, Synechodus occultidens, Paraorthacodus sp. and Agaleus dorsetensis, are recognized in the fauna. The enameloid ultrastructure of teeth of A. dorsetensis was examined and found to be comprised of at least two layers, confirming a neoselachian affinty, based on the overall tooth morphology. The palaeogeographical and
stratigraphical records of the previously described species are extended. Pliensbachian selachian faunas are not well investigated and the described species in the Hasle fauna are all known from Sinemurian deposits elsewhere.Opisano faunę żarłaczy z odsłonięć formacji Hasle (wczesny pliensbach - piętra Uptonia jamesoni do Prodactylioceras davoei) na wyspie Bornholm. Hybodontoidea reprezentowane są przez Hybodus reticulatus, H. delabechei i Lissodus hasleensls sp. n., a Neoselachii przez dwa gatunki z rodziny Palaeospinacidae: Synechodus occultidens i Paraorthacodus sp., oraz Agaleus dorsetensis, domniemanego przedstawiciela brodatokształtnych (Orectolobiformes). Nowy hybodont Lissodus hasleensis był niewielkim, zapewne przydennym rekinem. Typem heterodoncji przypomina współczesnego rogatka australijskiego (Heterodontus portusjacksoni), żywiącego się głównie bentonicznymi bezkręgowcami, zwłaszcza jeżowcami.
Ultrastruktura enameloidu zębów A. dorsetensis okazała się być conajmniej dwuwarstwowa, co potwierdza przynależność do Neoselachii, na którą wskazywała morfologia zębów. Wątpliwe jest jednak zaliczanie Agaleus do rzędu Orectolobiformes. Typowe brodatokształtne zniane są z jury na podstawie zębów rzadko przekraczających 2 mm wysokości, tymczasem u Agaleus mogą one dochodzić do 8 mm. Wydaje się mało prawdopodobne, by najstarszy przedstawiciel grupy był aż o tyle większy od swych jurajskich potomków. Zęby Agaleus mają też, cechy swoiste, np. zgrubienie na podstawie po stronie wargowej oraz podłużny grzebień u nasady korony, których brak u typowych jurajskich brodatokształtnych. Brak natomiast u Agaleus typowego dla nich "języczka" po stronie językowej. Rozszerzeniu ulegają zasięgi paleogeograficzne i stratygraficzne wcześniej opisywanych gatunków. Fauny żarłaczowe z pliensbachu są dotąd słabo rozpoznane i gatunki opisane z formacji Hasle znane były dotychczas z osadów synemurskich innych terenów
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Türkiye kıyılarından potansiyel olarak toksik,yeni bir tür kaydı, Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha Lundholm, Moestrup& Hasle 2003
No full textTürkiye kıyılarından potensiyel olarak toksik, yeni bir tür kaydı, Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha Lundholm, Moestrup & Hasle 2003. Diatomlardan Pseudo-nitzschia'nm bazı türlerinin dünyanın bir çok bölgesinde insanlar da dahil yüksek organizasyonlu organizmaların ölümlerinden sorumlu olduğu ve bir nörotoksik aminoasit olan domoik asit'i ürettiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, elektron mikroskobu kullanılarak, potansiyel olarak toksik olabilecek bir Pseudo-nitzschia türü olan P. calliantha, Türkiye'nin Karadeniz kıyılan için ilk kez rapor edilmiştir. P. calliantha'nın tanımlanması morfolojik incelemelere dayanarak yapılmıştır.Several species of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo in H. & M. Peragallo, 1897-1908 are known to produce domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxic amino acid that has been shown to be responsible for deaths of higher trophic-level organisms, including humans, in many areas around the world. In this study, one of the potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species, P. calliantha, is documented for the first time from the Turkish Part of the Black Sea using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. P. calliantha is described based on morphological data
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear
Fully Turbulent Mean Velocity Profile for Purely Viscous non-Newtonian Fluids
No full textThe characteristic near wall behavior of turbulent flow of purely-viscous non-Newtonian fluids is discussed for both power-law (P.-L.) and Herschel-Bulkley (H.-B.) rheological models. A proper scaling is presented for H.-B. fluids to establish an analogy with power-law fluids with same flow index. To provide reference data for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids, DNS simulations of power-law fluids are conducted in a rectangular channel for a large range of power-law indices ( = 0.5, 0.69, 0.75, 0.9, 1, 1.2). The DNS data show that the mean velocity profile in the viscous and logarithmic layers follow expressions of the form and respectively, where shows a logarithmic dependency on the flow index.Comparison with some experimental data shows the above formulation to be valid for Reynolds numbers (based on shear velocity) as high as 1000
H-index and research evaluation: A suggested set of components for developing a comprehensive author-level index
No full textThe H-index has been investigated in various studies; this index has many strengths that have made it popular. However, it also has weaknesses, due to which other indicators have been developed. This study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the H-index and provide the minimum set of necessary components for developing a comprehensive author-level index. In this systematic literature review, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Emerald, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify relevant studies. From the number of 14,253 retrieved studies, after two stages of screening, 81 studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria for data extraction. The findings of the study led to the identification of 15 strengths in the three categories of Quality Features, Simplicity, and Suitability, and 13 weaknesses in the six categories of Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation for H-index. Finally, 28 components were identified as the minimum set of necessary components to develop a comprehensive author-level index to help evaluate researchers more realistically and fairly. The minimum components that need to be considered in developing a comprehensive author-level index can be proposed as follows: Quality Features, Simplicity, Suitability, Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation
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