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Taxonomical analysis of the suspended bacterial faction in the dromedary rumen fluid
No full textAn analysis of the dominant microbial taxa present in suspension within the rumen fluid from slaughtered one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Algeria was carried out using culture-independent molecular techniques. The rumen fluid of freshly eviscerated animals was sampled by a syringe and filtered through 0.22 μm filters in sterile conditions. Lyophilized filters were subsequently used as starting material for bacterial lysis and total DNA extraction procedures using DNA purification kits and suitably adapted protocols. The gene corresponding to the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (16S rDNA) was PCR-amplified from the bulk of DNA using eubacterial primers, and the pool of amplicons was ligated to plasmids and cloned in Escherichia coli, generating a clone bank of several hundred individuals representative of the rumen bacterial community. A preliminary analysis of 86 clones, sorted by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and sequenced by Applied Biosystems automated sequencing using fluorescent terminators yielded the following results. The most abundant amplicon belonged to the Pseudomonas genus encompassing over 65% of the clones. Pseudomonas lutea appeared the most frequent homology hit in a BLAST GenBank comparison. The remaining flora featured taxa include (in order of deceasing abundance): Synechococcus sp., Moraxella osloensis, Sphingomonas sp., Diaphorobacter nitroreducens, Acinetobacter sp., Ruminococcus albus, Propionibacterium acnes and Comamonas sp. The data constitute the baseline for a comparison of the results with those that will be obtained by further metagenomic approaches to compare the fluid associated bacterial community with those attached to the solid particulate fraction
Measurement of purine derivatives in the urine of some ruminant species. In: Nuclear based technologies for estimating microbial protein supply in ruminant livestock
No full textDigeribilità ed escrezione urinaria di derivati purinici in bufale mediterranee italiane e bovine frisone
No full textDetailed mineral profile of milk, whey, and cheese from cows, buffaloes, goats, ewes, and dromedary camels, and efficiency of recovery of minerals in their cheese
No full textMilk and dairy products are important in the human diet not only for the macronutrients, such as proteins and fats, that they provide, but also for the supply of essential micronutrients, such as minerals. Minerals are present in milk in soluble form in the aqueous phase and in colloidal form associated with the macronutrients of the milk. These 2 forms affect the nutritional functions of the minerals and their contribution to the technological properties of milk during cheese making. The aim of the present work was to study and compare the detailed mineral profiles of dairy foods (milk, whey, and cheese) obtained from cows, buffaloes, goats, ewes and dromedary camels, and to analyze the recovery in the curd of the individual minerals according to a model cheese-making procedure applied to the milk of these 5 dairy species. The detailed mineral profile of the milk samples was obtained by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. We divided the 21 minerals identified in the 3 different matrices into essential macro- and microminerals, and environmental microminerals, and calculated the recovery of the individual minerals in the cheeses. The complete mineral profiles and the recoveries in the cheeses were then analyzed using a linear mixed model with Species, Food, and their interaction included as fixed effects, and Sample within Species as a random effect. The mineral profiles of each food matrix were then analyzed separately with a general linear model in which only the fixed effect of Species was included. The results showed that the species could be divided into 2 groups: those producing a more diluted milk characterized by a higher content of soluble minerals (in particular, K), and those with a more concentrated milk with a higher colloidal mineral content in the skim of the milk (such as Ca and P). The recoveries of the minerals in the curd were in line with the initial content in the milk, and also highlighted the fact that the influence of the brine was not limited to the Na content but to its whole mineral makeup. These results provide valuable information for the evaluation of the nutritional and technological properties of milk, and for the uses made of the byproducts of cheese making from the milk of different species
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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