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(16(1):76-83)A STUDY ON 2-AMINO-4-CHLORO-6-METHYL PYRIMIDINE AS A NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR IN PADDY
No full text本試驗之目的為探討2-Amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine（簡稱AM）之施用對于水稻產量之影響，及對土壤中硝酸化作用之抑制效果，於1966年間採用直播栽培法舉行水稻盆栽試驗，並在實驗室內分析土壤中之NH3-N和NO3-N生成量，以究明所施尿素之銨化及硝酸化情形，測定AM之硝酸化抑制效果。
據盆栽試驗結果AM之施用對于稻谷之增收確有效果，土壤實驗結果示AM對尿素之銨化作用並無影響，但對其硝酸化卻有顯然抑制效果。
由以上結果可以推知AM在容易發生脫氮作用之環境下（如輪流灌溉地區或缺水地區水稻直播栽培）對于氮素肥料肥效之增進將有裨益。但實際應用效果如何尚待繼續試驗。
To test the effect of 2-Amino-4-chloro-6-methyl pyrimidine (A.M.) as a nitrifica-tion inhibitor in soil and its applicability in rice culture, a pot experiment under which loss of nitrogen by percolation and denitrification prevailed was conducted.
A. M. was observed not to affect the rate of ammonification of urea, whereas the nitricfication was significantly suppressed by A. M. and the availability of the fertilizer applied for the plant was highly improved by its application.
It is predicted that A.M. may be quite advantageous for certain paddy fields or cultivation methods under which denitrification is inevitable
(16(1):69-75)EXPERIMENT ON THE AVAILABILITY OF PCP-UREA FOR PADDY RICE AND ITS EFFECT ON WEEDING
No full text(l)本試驗為探討PCP尿素中含有之「PCP-Na」對於水田雜草之殺草效力及氮成分之硝酸化成抑制效力對水稻之生育，產量的影響，而在臺北、桃園兩地舉行田間試驗同時在實驗室內進行化驗分析。
(2)田間試驗結果PCP尿素對於水稻收量增產之影響較優於尿素，其原因可推定為「PCP-Na」之硝化抑制作用及殺草力之影響所致。
(3)PCP尿素之「PCP-Na」成分具有硝酸化成之抑制力同時對銨化作用有阻礙之傾向。
(4)PCP尿素施用過量時對農作物具有藥害作用，故其PCP-Na使用量每公頃10公斤左右較為適宜，在此範圍內水稻之生育初期雖受接觸藥害之影響，但至生育後期即可漸次恢復自然，不致影響稻谷產量。
(1) Field experiments were conducted at Taoyuan and Taipei areas to compare the fertilizer effect of PCP-urea with that of urea. The nitrification inhibitory effect of PCP-urea was also tested in the laboratory.
(2) With the same rate of nitrogen, PCP-urea gave a slightly higher grain yield than urea in the experiment, which might be attributed to both the nitrification inhibitory and the weed controlling effect of PCP-Na cantained in PCP-urea. migh be attributed.
(3) Nitrification is suppressed by PCP-urea, which is regarded favorable for the availability of nitrogenous fertilizer to the rice plant under water logged condition, as well as the ammonification of urea itself is also affected.
(4) Rice plants were injured by PCP-urea, however within the rate of 10 kg/ha, the plants were soon recovered
(6(2):1-14)A REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENT OF OPTIMUM N-P-K FERTILIZER RATIO FOR SWEET-POTATO
No full text本試驗係于民國四十年起至民國四十二年止，分別就全省選定八處舉行。三年之試驗成績結果如下：
(1) 肥料處理對辦甘藷莖葉及塊根之影響
氯之施用對甘藷莖葉之增收率最顯著，在坐標上產量對施肥量幾乎成為直線型，並不因過多肥料之施用而降下。對塊根之產量則有一較低的限度。雖依地方而異，一般在60公斤/公頃時可得最高收量，其對無氮區之增產率為20~30%。因此過多氮之施用僅有甘藷蔓之繁茂而對塊根之增產無補於事。燐之施用對甘藷莖葉之收量影響最少。對塊根之收量則除臺北、臺中、臺南、高雄四地區在50公斤施用量時對無燐區之增收率有10至20%外，其他地區均不顯著。鉀之施用對於甘藷藷葉之增收亦無顯著之效果。對於塊根之收量則平均在170公斤/公頃的施用量時有20至30%之增收率。故充分使用鉀肥以提高產量可認為非常重要。
(2) 甘藷三要素適量
由本試驗測出各地欲得最高收量時之三要素施用量如下：
(3) 甘藷之慣行施肥量
就農家慣行施肥量調查所得施肥量分別就各地區計算其要素量如下：
農家慣用肥料中以有機質遲效性肥料為大宗，各種肥料作物利用率不相同，故實際施肥量又須考慮各種肥料之作物利用率而定，一般言之，農家對甘藷之施肥，氮與燐可酌量減少而須增多鉀之用量。
(4) 經濟的施肥量
經濟的施肥量亦經決定，在目前可獲得最高利潤之肥料施用量如下表：
Optimum fertilizer application rate is a basic knowledge on fertilizing technics. Since 1950, Society of soil scientists and fertilizer technologists of Taiwan designed a 5 years plan to determine those values of ten main crops in this province. The foregoing report on rice and wheat has been made to meet the neccessity on this field. Experiments on sweet-potato is designed accordingly to those crops. Five levels in each elements, namely, N from 0 to 120 kg/ha, P2O5 from 0 to 100 kg/ha and K2O from 0 to 200 kg/ha were combined to make 16 treatments and were placed on 8 localities where we expected to he representative on this crop area. Feild experiments were commenced from 1951 and ended in 1954. Those successive three years results were analysed and discussed in the same way as those previous reports. The brief summary on this experimental results may be concluded as follows:
1. Effect of fertilizer treatments on the yield of sweet-potato
The yields of vein are increased proportionally to that amount of N applied. On the reactangular coordinates, it is showed to be an straight line. In other hand, however, the yield of tuberous roots were limited mostly at the rate of 60 kg/ha of N applied. It was regarded that the heavy application of N merely causes the excessive thrives of veins and have less effect on the yield of roots. Application of phosphoric acid have least effect to both yields of veins and roots, whereas Taipei, Tainan, Taichung, Kaohsiung localities were exceptionally having the increments of roots about 10 to 20% to that none phosphoric acid applied. Application of potash also shows less effect on the yield of vein, however, the yield of roots were increased positively and significantly in every localities. The highest increments to that none potash treatments were averaged about 20 to 30%. It was believed that potash is the most advantagous element on the growth of sweet-potato.
2. Optimum fertilizer ratio for sweet-potato
According to this experimental data recommandation concerning the optimum N-P-K fertilizer ratio for sweet-potato in different localities of this province has been suggested as follows:
3. Comparision with the customary application rate
Customary application rate of fertilizer and manure in the experimental area were also investigated and calculated in terms of N, P2O5 and K2O kg/ha. It results are as following table:
In comparision of Table I with Table II suggest that the customary application rates are not proper enough hitherto. In order to bring the advantagous production of sweet-potato the application of N and P2O5 should be reduced to some extent and to increase application of K2O fertilizer according to its optimum quantities obtained in this study.
4. Economical fertilizer ratio
Based on the farmers profitable view point, a suggestion concerning the economical fertilizer ratio for sweet-potato are also submitted
(21(3):209-213)PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE STERILIZATION OF CASING SOILS IN THE CULTIVATING OF MUSHROOM
No full text用Chloropicrin. Formaldehyde火焰殺菌、Basamid 500ppm，及Basamid l,000ppm等方法消毒覆土，觀察對土壤理化性質、洋菇產量及土壤微生物相之影響。據土壤分析結果，經過消毒殺菌之土壤PH均提高（由4.7至7.0左右），各處理間之物理性質相差不大。洋菇產量以Chloropicrin消毒，增產量最高(41%), Formaldehyde消毒次之(39%)，火焰殺菌又次之(33%), Basamid 500ppm消毒（16%）居後，Basamid l,000ppm消毒却致使10%之減產。覆蓋土微生物相測定結果，Chloropicrin及Formaldehyde消毒放射菌均有增加而真菌却有減少之傾向。
The effects of soil sterilization on the physico-chemical properties and microflora of casing soil as well as that on mushroom yield were studied. The methods of sterilization employed were: 1. steam 2. chloropicrin 3. formaldehyde 4. 500ppm Basamid 5. 1,000 ppm Basamid.
Soil pH was increased generally due to the sterilizations though the other physico-chenical properties were not affected significantly. Mushroom yield was increased 41%, 39%, 33% and 16%, respectively due to the sterilization with chloropicrin, formaldehyde, steam and 500ppm Basamid. The Sterilization with 1,000 ppm Basamid, on the other hand, caused 10% decrease in mushroom yield. The sterilization with chloropicrin and Formaldehyde caused an increase in the number of actinomyces but a decrease in the number of fungi
(11(2):13-20)A REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENT OF OPTIMUM N-P-K FERTILIZER RATIO FOR SOYBEAN
No full text本試驗係於民國四十七年起至四十八年止，分別在臺北、新竹、草屯三個地方舉行，二年間之試驗成績結果如下：
1. 氮之施用對大豆莖葉收量之效果甚微，對莢果產量而言，僅草屯乙地有7~18%之增產外，其餘各地即效應不顯著。就子實產量而言，臺北、草屯兩地雖依施氮量而增收，但未達顯著平準。可謂氮素對大豆收量之效應不甚明顯。
2. 磷之施用對大豆莢果收量之影響，僅草屯乙地顯著增收12~30%左右其餘各地肥效不顯著。
3. 鉀的施用對大豆莢果收量之影響，雖新竹及草屯兩地增收3~ 33%，但未達顯著平準。而臺北即呈負之效應，子實收量亦與莢果產量略有同樣之傾向。
The experiment was conducted in 1958~1959 in Taipei, Shintsu .and Chou-tun. According to the results, yield of soybean had little response to nitrogen. Phosp-
horus also gave no significant effect except in Chou-tun where 12 increment was obtained. Potash gave cansiderable increment of yield in Shintsu and Chou-tun, though though they were almost insignificant according to statistical analysis.
From this experiment the optimum N-P-K ratio for Soybean was proposed as follows
(10(4):20-36)A REPORT ON THE EXPERIMENT OF OPTIMUM N-P-K FERTILIZER RATIO FOR PEANUT
No full text本試驗於民國四十三年起至民國四十七年為止，分別在全省七處舉行，三~五年間之試驗成績結果如下：
(1）肥料處理對於落花生莢果產量之影響。
氮肥對落花生莢果產量之效應，不甚明顯，僅臺東乙地依施氮量之增加而達23~30%之增收外，其餘各地均未達10%之增收。就磷肥之影響而言，除嘉義、臺南、臺東三地有5%左右增收外，其他各地則均無效應。就鉀肥之影響而言，其效應可謂不顯著，全省七個試驗地乎均增收達10%內外，但各變量區之收量變異較大，似乎難以判別其效應。
This experiment was conducted in 1954-1958 in seven localities in Taiwan. The results were as follows.
1. Effect of fertilizer to the peanut yield.
No significant effect was found from the nitrogen fertilization except in Taitung where 20-30% increament was obtained from nitrogen. In other localities, however, the increament was less then 10%. Phosphorous also gave no significant effect except in Chyai. Tainan, Taitung where about 6% increament was obtained from phos-phorous. Potash gave an increament about 10%in general, but fail to reach the signi-ficant level according to statistical analysis
(6(4):59-60)A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL FERTILIZER ON THE YIELDS OF SWEET POTATOES
No full text一般化學肥料常因雨水或滲透水而易流失，尤以磷酸肥料施用後易與土壤中之鐵、鋁等成分結合，變成難於被植物吸收之形態，損失其肥效。膠質肥料即為防止上述事項而製成者，而以造成肥料成分充分被植物利用之形態為目的。日本平野博士使用Gelatin系兩性Colloid製成。膠質肥料是進行Arnmoniation而中和遊離酸之際，依據所生成之Gelatin而進行Ammouiation直接作用於磷酸鈣，因此而防止過磷鈣肥效之減低，又因形成粒狀，故防止水溶性化學肥料即時溶出，一部份成為複雜的鹽類，具有遲效性等特長。
本試驗之目的乃探討膠質肥料與一般化學肥料比較試驗之效果，自民國44年6月在本所及三重鎮農家兩地舉行膠質肥料對甘藷之肥效試驗，於民國45年3月完成。茲將第一年試驗成績列表於後。
Colloidal fertilizer is manufactured by ammoniation on the free acid to make it chemically neutral and protected from fixation of phosphorous with colloid in the form of granulars as it will prevent the readily solving out of the element. The purpose of this experiment is to compare the effectiveness of colloidal fertilizer with that of other fertilizers, and was carried out in Taipei and Shanchung. The results show that the difference between the effectiveness of colloidal fertilizer and that of others is not significant so far as the yields of tubers and leaves are concerned. However, farmer may spare the labour of mixing fertilizers
(19(1):40-45)STUDIES ON THE AMELIORATION OF CASING SOILS IN MUSHROOM CULTURE
No full text（1）根據實驗分析結果得知土壤之孔隙量及容水量由團粒之大小不同而有差異即粒徑愈小其容水量愈大，在孔隙量粒徑愈大亦隨之大，各種不同材料中蔗渣的孔隙量與容水量均較高於穀殼粉及泥炭。
（2）土壤團粒之大小對洋菇產量以土壤粒徑1.0mm~0.5mm較優，泥炭對洋菇產量，土壤混合率25％處理區最高，若泥炭的用量過多時雖不致減少，也無法提高洋菇產量，穀殼粉土壤分層使用可能保持良好的孔隙量故其產量較優於土壤混合使用區，蔗渣本身之容水量孔隙量雖然高於其他材料區，但不見到較好的效應。
（3）本次試驗僅探討土壤團粒度，及泥炭，穀殼粉，蔗渣等與土壤混合做覆蓋土時之孔隙量，容水量之差異情形及洋菇生產之影響，獲得初步結果，卻尋求理想的覆蓋土，土壤應有之處理或產量之影響尚待今後繼續研究。
The porosity and water holding capacity as well as the effect on mushroom yield of various casing soils which differ either in the size of granule or in the material incorporated (i. e., peat power. husk powder and bagasse power) were tested in this experiment. The primary results obtained were as follows:
(1) The optimum size of granule for casing soil was observed about 1.0 mm~0.5 mm.
(2) Among the casing soils in which different proportions of peat powder were incorporated that with 25 per cent peat was found most adequate for yield.
(3) Although the bagasse powder showed both biggest porosity and water holding capacity among all the materials tested, no superior effect of the incorporation in casing soil was observed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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