1,314 research outputs found
A dádiva, a sovinice e a beleza: economia da Cultura Matis, Vale do Javari, Amazônia
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia SocialEssa tese trata sobre a economia da cultura dos Matis, um povo indígena amazônico, sua circulação de conhecimentos com o exterior e suas relações com estrangeiros de diferentes matizes. Alguns desses estrangeiros são nëix (animais); outros, tsussin (forças vitais, seres ou potências desencorporadas); outros, nawa (povos indígenas vizinhos, brasileiros ou gringos). Dentre esses últimos, relações econômicas se dão especialmente com jornalistas/ documentaristas, turistas e pesquisadores. Transações diversas são etnografadas em ritos, mitos, práticas xamânicas, filmagens, programas turísticos, comércio de objetos e em outras relações cosmopolitanas. Um ponto fundamental estudado é a afirmação dos Matis de que querem ser um povo numeroso, ser um povo grande. A economia de pessoas está entretecida com as economias da cultura. Os Matis querem desses povos estrangeiros (animais, tsussin, gringos) tecnologias (num sentido amplo) para conseguir crescer, ter corpos mais duros e fortes, serem mais e mais poderosos, mais belos. Os estrangeiros aparecem como os principais outros de quem se quer adquirir poder, tecnologias, estéticas e através de quem se pode expandir pelo cosmos. A tese trata de temas clássicos da etnologia amazônica como economia de pessoas (corpos), com foco em sovinices e circulações de conhecimentos e coisas (transações, aquisições ou roubos de mitos, cantos, poderes xamânicos, farmacopéia, pedaços de corpos, motores e outros bens). Trato de economia, portanto, em uma compreensão generosa, qualquer definição clássica etimológica de #economia# como cuidado, manejo ou organização da casa (do grego "oikos" e "nomia") será alargada aquiThis thesis is about the economy of culture of the Matis - an Amazonian indigenous people, its circulation of knowledge with the outside and its relations with different foreigners. Some of those foreigners are nëix (animals); some, tsussin (vital forces, desincorporated beings or potencies); others are nawa neighbouring indigenous peoples, Brazilians and gringos. Among these last ones, economic relations take place specially with journalists/film makers, tourists and researchers. Several transactions are ethnographed in rites, myths, shamanic practices, filming, touristic programs, objects# trading and in other cosmopolitan relations. A fundamental point of the present study is the Matis# affirmation that they want to be a numerous people, to be bigger. The economy of people is interwoven with the economy of culture. The Matis want from these foreign peoples (animals, tsussin, gringos) technologies (in a broad sense) so that they can grow, to have bodies that are harder and stronger, to be more and more powerful, more beautiful. The foreigners appear as the #special others# from whom to acquire power, technologies, aesthetics and through whom it is possible to expand throughout the cosmos. The thesis treats classic themes in Amazonian ethnology such as economy of people (bodies), with focus in the stinginess and the circulation of knowledge and things (transactions, acquisitions or robberies of myths, songs, shamanic powers, pharmacopoeia, body parts, engines and other stuff). So, I treat economy in a generous comprehension, any classic etymologic definition of #economy# as care, management or organization of the house (from the greek "oikos" and "nomia") will be broaden her
Dinâmica de espécies na agricultura indígena do Vale do Javari - AM: o caso dos Matis e Marubo
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas.A visão depreciativa em relação à população rural aprofundou o descaso com muitos sistemas de conhecimento nativo, cujo conteúdo era expresso de forma discursiva e simbólica. Poucos trabalhos foram realizados e ainda pouco se conhece sobre os sistemas tradicionais de produção. Os estudos realizados têm demonstrado a diversidade e complexidade dos padrões de cultivo, dos sistemas de manejo e conservação de solos, usos da água, reciclagem de nutrientes, controle da sucessão e proteção das culturas, além da incorporação de grande número de cultivares, importantes para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento genético. A agricultura itinerante constitui a forma tradicional de uso da terra mais praticada na América Latina. Alternando-se períodos de cultivo e regeneração da floresta, é possível manejar a fertilidade do solo e controlar pragas e doenças, estabelecendo policultivos e sistemas agroflorestais com alto grau de sustentabilidade. Nos sistemas tradicionais indígenas da Amazônia, os produtos de maior importância são o milho, a mandioca e a banana, representando as fontes básicas de carboidratos. Com a conquista européia da Amazônia, os cacicados indígenas estabelecidos na várzea e que mantinham forte o cultivo de milho, foram destruídos e os grupos indígenas restantes tiveram que retornar ao cultivo de mandioca, que se mantém como alimento principal para a maior parte das populações nativas até os dias atuais. Em diversos grupos indígenas, no entanto, a banana vem se tornando o cultivo mais importante. É o que vem acontecendo com os índios Matis e Marubo, grupos Pano do Vale do Javari, no Amazonas. Esses grupos praticam uma agricultura de derrubada e queima, conformando sistemas agroflorestais. Constitui o objetivo deste trabalho estudar as razões e conseqüências da substituição de espécies no repertório dos cultivos Matis e Marubo, no contexto atual, cujo fato mais marcante está nas substituições da mandioca e milho pela banana. Utilizando-se metodologias qualitativas em um longo período de convívio com os grupos pesquisados, estudou-se os seus sistemas agrícolas e as mudanças ocorridas, onde a substituição de espécies foi o fator mais relevante. Resultados do trabalho indicaram que a introdução e a adaptação da banana contribuiu para a melhoria do agroecossistema e permitiu aos indígenas se adaptarem melhor à nova realidade pós-contato com a sociedade nacional, além dos ganhos na dieta e no rendimento do trabalho na roça. O conhecimento indígena sobre o seu agroecossistema pode ser visto como um processo co-evolutivo, na medida em que sociedade e sistema agrícola evoluem, mantendo-se as características básicas de interação ecológica
Participación en el Benchmark MATiS-H de la NEA/OCDE: Usos de códigos CFD aplicados a seguridad nuclear. Estudio de las rejillas espaciadoras en los elementos combustibles
No full textNuclear fuel bundles contain spacers essentially for mechanical stability and to influence the
flow dynamic and heat transfer phenomena along the fuel rods. This work presents the analysis
of the turbulence effects of a split-type and swirl-type spacer grid geometries on single-phase
in a PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) rod bundle. Various Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) calculations have been performed and the results validated with the experiments of the
OECD/NEA-KAERI Rod Bundle CFD Benchmark Exercise on Turbulent Mixing in a Rod Bundle
with Spacers at the MATiS-H facility. The aim of this Benchmark is to provide validated CFD
analysis tools providing a firm basis for quantifying the CHF Margin reliably for normal operation
and operational transients conditions and allowing eventually the use of CMFD Codes for
predicting DNB under accidental conditions [1]. Simulation of turbulent phenomena downstream
of the spacer grid presents high complexity issues. A wide range of length scales are present
increasing the difficulty of defining in detail the transient nature of turbulent flow. Calculations
were performed with the commercial code ANSYS
R CFX
R
and CFD modelling using Large Eddy
Simulation (LES) turbulence models by comparison with measurements to determine their suitability
in the prediction of the turbulence phenomena. One of the most important aspects to be
taken into account in order to properly simulate the flow downstream of the spacer grids is the
use of a suitable turbulence model. Time-averaged values for all three velocity components, timeaveraged
RMS values of the fluctuating component of all three velocity components in several
cross-planes downstream of the spacer grid and circulation data in a selected sub-channel are in
good agreement with the measured data. These results could be of great value for future studies of
spacer grid including heat transfer from the rods and as a basis of spacer grid simplifications.Peña Monferrer, C.; Chiva Vicent, S.; Muñoz-Cobo González, JL.; Vela, E.; Pelayo, F. (2012). Participation in the NEA/OECD MATiS-H Benchmark exercise. Study of spacer grids in a rod bundle. Sociedad Nuclear Española. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/71522
Multi-Mission Automated Task Invocation Subsystem
No full textMulti-Mission Automated Task Invocation Subsystem (MATIS) is software that establishes a distributed data-processing framework for automated generation of instrument data products from a spacecraft mission. Each mission may set up a set of MATIS servers for processing its data products. MATIS embodies lessons learned in experience with prior instrument- data-product-generation software. MATIS is an event-driven workflow manager that interprets project-specific, user-defined rules for managing processes. It executes programs in response to specific events under specific conditions according to the rules. Because requirements of different missions are too diverse to be satisfied by one program, MATIS accommodates plug-in programs. MATIS is flexible in that users can control such processing parameters as how many pipelines to run and on which computing machines to run them. MATIS has a fail-safe capability. At each step, MATIS captures and retains pertinent information needed to complete the step and start the next step. In the event of a restart, this information is retrieved so that processing can be resumed appropriately. At this writing, it is planned to develop a graphical user interface (GUI) for monitoring and controlling a product generation engine in MATIS. The GUI would enable users to schedule multiple processes and manage the data products produced in the processes. Although MATIS was initially designed for instrument data product generation
Multi-trophic level interactions involving some plant allelochemicals, the herbivore, Heliothis virescens and the endoparasitoid, Campoletis sonorensis
No full textTypescript (photocopy).Four plant allelochemicals, gossypol, nicotine, tomatine and solanine, were tested for their effect on the host-parasitoid system of Heliothis virescens-Campoletis sonorensis. In this study, the common effects seen with nicotine, tomatine and solanine on H. virescens were reduced larval and pupal weights, prolonged time to pupation, but less growth reduction in parasitized than in unparasitized larvae. Gossypol at certain concentrations showed a positive growth effect on the parasitoid. This may have been mediated through its hormetic growth effect on the host. There were certain doses of gossypol that precluded adult emergence of H. virescens, but allowed parasitoid adult emergence. All four allelochemicals significantly prolonged the intra-host parasitoid development time. Concentrations at which these effects were observed and degree of the effect were different for each chemical. While effects common to all four allelochemicals were observed, some specific effects were also encountered. Nicotine was more toxic to parasitized than to unparasitized H. virescens larvae, while tomatine and solanine were equally toxic to both groups, based on LD50 (lethal dose that kills 50% of the population compared to control). Also nicotine caused the failure of parasitoid larvae to egress from host and form cocoons. In contrast, solanine did not disrupt egression or cocooning, but reduced adult emergence due to disruption of development inside the cocoons. Adult parasitoid weight was reduced by certain concentrations of gossypol and tomatine, while the other two chemicals did not affect adult weight. From the study of host-parasitoid biology, it was found that H. virescens exhibited developmental polymorphism, with two distinct groups of larvae having 5 and 6 instars each respectively. Significant positive relationships were found between host initial weight versus adult parasitoid weight, host initial weight versus maximum weight of the parasitized host, host instar versus adult parasitoid weight and weight of parasitoid female versus fecundity
Bokrecensioner
No full textRecenserade böcker:
Pockettidningen R: "Kontrollvård" utanför västvärlden. Om vård och kontroll i Kina, Sovjet, Japan och TanzaniaOLAV BO: Road Casualties. An epidemiological InvestigationB BÖRJESSON, E FREDIN, S HOLM: Sjukdoms myterLARS H GUSTAFSSON: Barnolycksfall i Östersund MATIS BERGMARK, ANNA-LENA PEHRSSON: Att behaga. Kroppsvård och skönhetsmedel förr och nu
Predominant utilization of V beta 8+ T cell receptor genes in the H-2Ld- restricted cytotoxic T cell response against the immediate-early protein pp89 of the murine cytomegalovirus
No full textCytotoxic T cell responses to the murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) were elicited in BALB/c mice (H-2d) by infectious virus. Eight days after infection, MCMV-primed local lymph node T cells were either depleted for T cells expressing a V beta 8+ TCR or separated into V beta 8+ and V beta 8- subpopulations by a cell sorter using the mAb F23.1. T cells were then expanded in vitro under limiting dilution conditions in the presence of IL-2 and in the absence of viral Ag to avoid selection by Ag in vitro. Frequencies of CTL precursors specific for the Immediate- Early-Ag 1 of MCMV and restricted to H-2Ld were determined. L cells of the endogenous haplotype H-2k cotransfected with the genes for MCMV-IE 1 and H-2Ld were used as target cells. Detection of a CTL response required previous priming of the animals by infection in vivo (less than 1/10(6) for nonimmunized animals). In primed animals CTL precursors of this specificity and restriction were three to fivefold more frequent in the V beta 8+ population (1/9.900 to 1/22.300) than in the V beta 8- population (1/57.000 to 1/87.200). Control experiments showed that frequencies were not influenced by the treatment with the anti-V beta 8-antibody and the fluorescein-labeled anti-Ig itself. V beta 8+ and V beta 8- T cells did not reveal any frequency differences when several other responses were determined (TNP-specific self- restricted CTL precursor; Th cells specific for keyhole limpet hemocyanin or Listeria monocytogenes)
Architecture of the central region of factor H and its interaction with PspC of S. pneumoniae
No full textThe complement system is a major component of innate immunity and an effector of
antibody-mediated immune responses. Unlike the other two activation pathways of
the complement system, the alternative pathway is permanently switched on.
Discrimination by complement between self and foreign is therefore achieved by
selective protection of healthy host tissue and cells.
This study investigated the alternative pathway regulator factor H (FH),
which is crucial for protection of self surfaces from complement. FH engages via its
N- and C- terminal ends with activation-specific fragments of C3, C3b and C3d. The
middle region of FH has no binding sites for complement components. It presumably
ensures that the binding sites at either end of the extended and flexible FH molecule
cooperate in recognizing C3b in fluid phase or on self surfaces, but not on foreign
targets.
This study was aimed at achieving an atomic level understanding of the
structure of the middle portion of FH, thereby testing hypotheses as to how it
promotes the overall biological efficacy of the intact protein. High-resolution NMR-derived
structures of two module pairs FH-10-11 and FH-11-12 were solved and
combined with SAXS data to produce a model of FH-10-12. This was combined, in
silico, with the previously solved FH-12-13 structure, then the model of FH-10-13
was used to revisit SAXS data for FH-10-15 and FH-8-15. A unique structure
emerged, unlike any other encountered previously in the family of complement
regulators, in which CCPs 13, 14 and 15 have a highly compacted organization that
has repercussions for function.
While devoid of binding affinity for host ligands, this central region is a
binding site for PspC, a virulence factor of S. pneumoniae. It has been speculated that
the bacteria use this interaction to sequester FH in a conformation that resembles the
one adopted by FH on self cells and makes it particularly good at regulating
complement. Structural and functional investigations of this interaction were
performed to establish the molecular basis of the use of FH by this pathogen in order
to avoid complement-mediated elimination. It was found that PspC and FH form a
near-irreversible complex, while FH-8-15 binds PspC almost as tightly as intact
protein. When bound to PspC, FH has a higher affinity for some of its targets,
supporting the theory that this bacterial protein stabiles a particularly active
conformation of the regulator
An elecrophoretic evaluation of bi-subspecific populations of largemouth bass in small impoundments in Texas
No full textTypescript (photocopy).During 1978-1983, samples of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides were taken from 10 small impoundments (0.4 to 16.0 hectares) in north-central, south-central, and southwestern Texas and submitted to electrophoretic analysis to determine individual genetic status. These impoundments consisted of seven farm ponds and three U.S. Soil Conservation floodwater retarding structures which had been stocked with northern largemouth bass M. s. salmoides and/or Florida largemouth bass M.s. floridanus in an effort to establish stable populations of both subspecies and the intergrade. Stocking rates varied between ponds and were determined by size of impoundment, fish populations present at time of stocking, and research objectives. Stable intergrading populations did not result from the stocking regimes used in this study. In all populations studied, one subspecies or the other was effectively excluded with the formation of the first year class of largemouth bass. In 8 of 10 populations, northern largemouth bass were dominant, while Florida largemouth bass dominated the remaining two populations. Subspecific domination was the result of combined effects of differential subspecific growth, survival, and reproductive success. As a result of subspecific domination, maximum heterozygosity can only be attained through restocking of the less successful subspecies. Restocking may have to take place at intervals as short as 2 years. Comparisons of growth of northern largemouth bass and F1 intergrades indicated that northern bass attained greater total length at age I. However, F1 intergrades demonstrated significantly faster growth after age I. Total length of F1 intergrades approached or surpassed that of northern largemouth bass at age II. Evaluations of the efficacy of electrofishing and/or angling in attaining representative genetic samples from intergraded populations were conducted in four impoundments. No systematic sampling bias which could be related to discrete genotypes of individuals was found in samples collected using either of these two gear types. Differences between estimates of allele and genotype frequencies and actual population allele and genotype frequencies would not lead to formulation of improper genetic management strategies. Evaluation of the utility of lateral-line scale count as an indicator of genetic status of individuals indicated that this meristic count is of little value. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UM
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