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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The policy of supporting the smal land medium-seized enterprises in Poland and in the European Union in 2000-2007
No full textWydział Nauk Społecznych UG i Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAMPolityka wspierania przedsiębiorczości jest jedną z najważniejszych polityk sektorowych każdego państwa.Celem pracy było wykazanie wpływu tej polityki na rozwój małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw(MSP) w Polsce i wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej.W rozdziale I omówiono różne definicje MSP, w tym także w ujęciu politologicznym , w który takie przedsiębiorstwo postrzegane jest jako społeczna wspólnota realizująca cele wolności, odpowiedzialności oraz istotne obowiązki obywatelskie.W tej części pracy przedstawiono też wpływ transformacji systemowej w Polsce na warunki działania MSP.W rozdziale II przeanalizowano tendencje rozwojowe MSP w Polsce w latach 1995-2006 oraz bariery utrudniające rozwój tej formy przedsiębiorczości.W rozdziale III omówiono ewolucję polityki rządu RP wobec MSP, w tym szczególnie zmiany w ustawodawstwie oraz najważniejsze ,instytucjonalne formy wspierania przedsiębiorczości.W rozdziale IV zawarto analizę porównawczą polskich i unijnych form pomocy publicznej dla MSP oraz przedstawiono znaczenie tych przedsiębiorstw w Strategii Lizbońskiej.W tej części pracy omówiono też pomoc dla MSP z funduszy unijnych.W zakończeniu przedstawiono wnioski wynikające w całości rozważań w tej pracy.The policy supporting the small and medium seized enterprrises (SME) or in general supporting the entrepreneurship belongs to the most important secotral policy in etery state.The Basic aim of this PhD work was to prove the importance of that policy on the development of the SME in Poland and in the selected countries of the European Union (EU)..The various definitions of the SME were discussed and evaluated in the charter I, including the sociologist and political scientis, s approach according to which such an enterprise is perceived as the social community fullfiling the liberty and responsibility golas as well as other important civic obligations and duties. In this part ot the work the impast of systemie transformation in Poland on the conditions of activity of the SME was also presented.Chapter II was devoted to the analysis of the development trends of the Polish SME in the years 1995-2006.The most important barriers hindering that development were also discussed in the second part of that charter.The evolution of policy of the Polish government towards the SME , including the changes in the legislation, was described and evaluated in the charter III.In that charter also other form sof institutionhal suport of the SME were discussed in detail.And the charter IV contains the comparative analysis of the Polish and the European Union, s form sof suport to the SME.Also the significannce of the SME in the Lizbon Strategy and the suport to those enterprises granted by the EU funds was discussed in that charter. In the final section of this work the concluding remarks concerning the efficiency of the policy supporting the development of the SME in Poland and the EU were presented
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Controversies over globalization
No full textThe paper shows the current debates about globalization with special emphasis on the most controversial issues such as the impact of that process on the global welfare and economic development of the individual countries and the rise of transnational corporations which have become in some spheres more influencial than nation states. It focuses on not only one, positive aspect of globalization while entirely neglecting the negative one. This article examines various approaches to globalization and various definitions of that concept. The enormous number of such definitions and the mounting volume of literature on globalization has brought about such a paradoxical situation in which the more we read about globalization, the less clear we seem to be about what is means and what it implies. There are various types of globalization which are discussed in this paper including economic globalization, cultural and political one. While economic globalization refers mostly to changes in capital and labour flows, production systems and trade in goods and services, so political globalization refers to the changing global context of political awareness, processes and activity. It also can be perceived as a growing tendency for managing globalization and finding global solutions for the global problems which creates globalization. The open question is to what extent globalization can be considered as a process which has weakened nation states due to the growth of economic power of transnational corporations and other alternative international organizations and movements. The effects of globalization are the most visible in trade and capital flows, but they go beyond. Unfortunately they are evaluated not only on the basis of available historical experiences, facts and statistical data but also depend on the ideological background of a given author. There is no doubt that globalization has removed many barriers hindering the economic development in the global scale and has a huge potential to expand freedom, democracy, innovation and social and cultural exchanges. However, globalization has reinforced mostly the strong countries and societies and further weakened the weak ones. Therefore it should be reformed or humanized in order to secure sustainable economic and social development if not for all people in the world so for the majority of people
Kontrowersje wokół globalizacji
Get PDFThe paper shows the current debates about globalization with special emphasis on the most controversial issues such as the impact of that process on the global welfare and economic development of the individual countries and the rise of transnational corporations which have become in some spheres more influencial than nation states. It focuses on not only one, positive aspect of globalization while entirely neglecting the negative one. This article examines various approaches to globalization and various definitions of that concept. The enormous number of such definitions and the mounting volume of literature on globalization has brought about such a paradoxical situation in which the more we read about globalization, the less clear we seem to be about what is means and what it implies. There are various types of globalization which are discussed in this paper including economic globalization, cultural and political one. While economic globalization refers mostly to changes in capital and labour flows, production systems and trade in goods and services, so political globalization refers to the changing global context of political awareness, processes and activity. It also can be perceived as a growing tendency for managing globalization and finding global solutions for the global problems which creates globalization. The open question is to what extent globalization can be considered as a process which has weakened nation states due to the growth of economic power of transnational corporations and other alternative international organizations and movements. The effects of globalization are the most visible in trade and capital flows, but they go beyond. Unfortunately they are evaluated not only on the basis of available historical experiences, facts and statistical data but also depend on the ideological background of a given author. There is no doubt that globalization has removed many barriers hindering the economic development in the global scale and has a huge potential to expand freedom, democracy, innovation and social and cultural exchanges. However, globalization has reinforced mostly the strong countries and societies and further weakened the weak ones. Therefore it should be reformed or humanized in order to secure sustainable economic and social development if not for all people in the world so for the majority of people
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