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Effects of high-intensity resistance training in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and diastolic function in left ventricle of old male rats.
No full textINTRODUCTION: It is well documented that aging causes morphological and functional alterations in the heart. Cardiac ECM remodeling is one event of structural changes in left ventricle (LV), which is modulated by MMPs/TIMPs balance and may lead to cardiac fibrosis. To prevent such effects inherent of aging, aerobic exercise training has been suggested to improve the cardiac fibrosis and function. However the effects of resistance training (RT) remains unclear. Whether that RT could alter cardiac function following cardiac ECM remodeling is uncertain. PURPOSE: to investigate the chronic effects of high intensity resistance training (RT) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling of left ventricle (LV) and cardiac function in old rats. PROCEDURES: Rats with 3 and 21 months-age were assigned as
young sedentary (YS), young trained (YT), old sedentary (OS) and old trained (OT). The trained
groups (YT and OT) were submitted to high-intensity RT protocol (3 times a week during 12 weeks). After 48h post-training, hemodynamic and intra-ventricular pressures were recorded. LV myocyte width, LV connective tissue and collagen fibrils were analyzed. MMP-2 activity, gene and protein expression from ECM components as well as angiotensin II (Ang-II) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were evaluated FINDINGS: LV myocyte width and connective tissue were reduced in OT rats. RT increased the MMP-2 activity in OT rats and improved the agerelated increase in the left ventricle end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). The RT unchanged Ang-II and ANP in LV of old rats. CONCLUSION: RT was effective to decrease LV connective tissue, which was associated with increased ECM remodeling by MMP-2 activity in LV tissue and improvement of LVEDP in aging rats. Our results point out the importance of RT in ECM homeostasis and diastolic function in experimental aging model.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)INTRODUÇÃO: O remodelamento da matriz extracelular (MEC) cardíaca é um evento dentre estas mudanças estruturais no ventrículo esquerdo (VE) que é orquestrado pelos níveis de metaloproteinases (MMP) e seus inibidores endógenos (TIMPs). Na tentativa de prevenir tais efeitos decorrentes da idade avançada, o exercício aeróbico tem sido sugerido por melhorar a
fibrose e a função cardíaca. Entretanto, os efeitos do treinamento resistido (TR) nestas variáveis necessitam de melhor compreensão. OBJETIVO: investigar os efeitos crônicos do TR de alta intensidade na MEC do VE e a função cardíaca em ratos idosos. METODOLOGIA: ratos de 3 e 21 meses de idade foram designados como grupos: jovem sedentário (YS), jovem treinado (YT), idoso sedentário (OS) e idoso treinado (OT). Os grupos treinados foram submetidos à um protocolo de 12 semanas de escalada sob alta intensidade, 3 vezes por semana. Decorridos 48h pós última sessão de treino, medidas hemodinâmicas foram registradas: pressão arterial sistólica (SAP), pressão arterial diastólica (DAP), pressão arterial média (MAP), frequência cardíaca (HR), constante de decaímento da pressão ventricular (Tau), derivada temporal positiva da
pressão intraventricular (+d P/dt), razão de decaímento da pressão ventricular (-dP/dt), pressão arterial sistólica máxima do VE (LVSP) e pressão arterial diastólica final do VE (LVEDP). Largura dos cardiomiócitos, % de tecido conectivo e de colágeno intersticial foram analisados no VE. A atividade da MMP-2 foi detectada por zimografia, assim como a expressao gênica e
proteica de alguns constituintes da MEC. Moduladores da hipertrofia e fibrose cardíaca, angiotensina II (Ang-II) e peptídeo natriurético atrial (ANP) foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: a largura do cardiomiócito e a concentração de colágeno diminuíram em ratos OT comparados ao grupo OS. TR aumentou a atividade da MMP-2 e atenuou os aumentos na LVEDP de ratos
idosos. Ratos OT não apresentaram alterações significativas na expressão dos elementos da MEC e nos peptídeos cardíacos Ang-II e ANP. O TR diminuiu significativamente a expressão gênica elevada de TIMP-1, TGF-β e COL-1, observados no grupo OS. CONCLUSÃO: o TR foi eficaz em diminuir o colágeno cardíaco o que pode ser associado com a melhora na função diastólica, o que pode estar relacionado com o aumento na atividade da MMP-2 em VE de ratos idosos. O TR atenuou a via de sinalização TGF-β–TIMP-1–COL-1, a nível transcricional. Portanto este estudo revela a importância do treinamento resistido na homesostase da MEC e melhora da função diastólica em modelo experimental de idoso
Vascular effects of anabolic steroid nandrolone in rats submitted to high intensity resistence physical training
No full textOrientadores: Fernanda Klein Marcondes, Pedro Duarte NovaesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Os riscos à saúde decorrentes do consumo de esteróides anabólicos androgênicos constituem um problema de saúde pública. Em estudo anterior desenvolvido por nosso grupo de pesquisa, foi observado que o decanoato de nandrolona cancelou os efeitos vasculares adaptativos promovidos pelo treinamento físico resistido, em aorta torácica de ratos, sugerindo uma ação inibitória sobre a síntese de óxido nítrico. Visando elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos nestes efeitos, os objetivos do presente estudo foram: analisar a sensibilidade in vitro da aorta torácica ao efeito vasodilatador da acetilcolina (ACh), a espessura da parede vascular, a concentração tecidual de óxido nítrico (NO) e espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROx), em aorta torácica isolada de ratos Wistar divididos em 4 grupos experimentais: não-treinado + veículo; treinado + veículo; não-treinado + nandrolona; treinado + nandrolona. Após o período de adaptação, o treinamento físico resistido consistiu de sessões de saltos em meio líquido com sobrecarga de peso (4 séries, 10 repetições, 50-70% peso corporal, 5 dias por semana, 6 semanas). Dois dias após a última sessão de treinamento, os animais foram sacrificados por decapitação e a aorta torácica foi isolada para a obtenção de três anéis, os quais foram utilizados para obtenção da curva concentração-efeito à ACh in vitro, avaliação in vitro da produção de óxido nítrico (ON) e de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROx), e para análise da espessura da camada média. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA bifatorial seguido por Tukey considerando como nível de significância 5%. Animais treinados apresentaram aumento significativo na espessura da camada média da aorta torácica em relação aos respectivos grupos não-treinados. Anéis aórticos de ratos não treinados tratados com veículo ou nandrolona apresentaram relaxamento de 100% em resposta à ACh, enquanto em anéis isolados de ratos treinados tratados com veículo e nandrolona observou-se relaxamento de 79 e 51%, respectivamente. A aorta torácica de ratos treinados apresentaram menor produção de ON em relação a ratos não-treinados. A aorta isolada de ratos tratados com anabolizante apresentaram menor produção de ACh em relação ao tecido de ratos tratados com veículo. O treinamento reduziu a produção de EROx na aorta torácica de animais treinados tratados com veículo, em relação ao grupo não treinado, sem alteração em animais tratados com nandrolona. Os dados obtidos indicam que altas doses de nandrolona induziram disfunção endotelial em ratos submetidos a treinamento físico resistido.Abstract: The risk-benefit of androgenic-anabolic steroid abuse in elite athletes has been of great corcern for researchers. Nandrolone decanoate was previously observed to inhibit the adaptative vascular effects in the thoracic aorta of rats under resistance training, probably due to an inhibitory effect on the nitric oxide synthesis. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the thoracic aorta sensibility to acetylcholine vasodilator effect, considering the vascular media layer thickness, the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and the superoxide anion production in the thoracic aorta in Male Wistar rats, aged 2 months. Animals were assigned to four groups: non-trained animals treated with vehicle (NTV); non-trained animals treated with nandrolone (NTN); trained animals treated with vehicle (TV); and trained animals treated with nandrolone (TN). After the adaptation period, animals were submitted to resistance physical training consisting of jumps in liquid ambient with overload (4 sets, 10 repetitions, 30 second rest, 50-70% body weight-load, 5 days/week, 6 weeks). Two days after the last training session, the animals were killed by decapitation and the thoracic aorta was isolated. Thoracic aorta was divided into three parts and rings were removed from the middle third of the aorta of each animal to obtain concentration-effect curves for acetylcholine (ACh). Segments obtained from the part below the middle third were processed to evaluate the production of nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen reactive species (EROx). Data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test, at a 5% significance level. A significant increase in the final body weight was observed in the four experimental groups, while a significant decrease was found in the final body weight for the groups treated with nandrolone. Trained animals showed a significant increase in the aorta middle layer thickness compared to non-trained groups. Aortas of the rats treated with nandrolone showed a decrease in vasodilator response compared to those of rats treated with vehicle. Isolated rings of non-trained rats treated with vehicle or nandrolone revealed 100% relaxation in response to ACh, while isolated rings of the trained rats treated with vehicle and nandrolone showed relaxation of 79 and 51%, respectively. Animals treated with nandrolone presented decreased production of NO compared to those treated with vehicle. The EROx production dropped in trained rats treated with vehicle but not in those treated with nandrolone. In conclusion, the physical training protocol used in this study caused morphological, functional, and metabolic adaptations in the aorta of the rats; supraphysiological doses of nandrolone potentiated and inhibited the responses triggered by intense physical training.MestradoFisiologia OralMestre em Odontologi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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