133,888 research outputs found
No.456 Tony Guzman
No full textTranscript (27 pages) of interview(s) by Samantha Senda-Cook with Tony Guzman, on November 2, 2007Tony Guzman (b. 1980) grew up in San Francisco, California. He describes his move to Las Vegas, Nevada where he first learned about the Yucca Mountain Project. He became involved in nuclear waste issues in the summer of 2004. Guzman discusses his relationship to nuclear waste and other nuclear technologies in the American West, and talks about working for a non-profit organization called Citizen Alert. He also talks about his work with the Nevada Conservation League and Think Outside the Bomb. In March 2007, he moved to Salt Lake City, where he became involved with Utah Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons. He describes his role in the debate over nuclear waste, ethical considerations for nuclear waste disposal, and potential solutions for storing nuclear waste. Nuclear Technology Project. Interviewer: Samantha Senda-Coo
Pacifigorgia sculpta Breedy & Guzman, 2004, new species
No full textPacifigorgia sculpta, new species (Figs. 1 G–H, 5 A–C) Material examined. Holotype: UCR 1497, Islote Frailes, Península de Azuero, 10–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 9 December 2001. Paratypes: MCZ 57053, Islote Frailes, 10–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 9 December 2001; STRI 389–390, Isla Jicarita, Gulf of Chiriquí, 20 m, H.M. Guzman, 8 August 2002; STRI 410–412, Isla Seca Grande, Gulf of Chiriquí, 20 m, H.M. Guzman and O. Breedy, 26 August 2002; STRI 454, Isla Roncadores, Gulf of Chiriquí, 10–20 m, H.M. Guzman and O. Breedy, 30 August 2002; STRI 476, 482, 497, Bajo Foul, Península de Azuero, 15 m, H.M. Guzman, 11 April 2003; STRI 602, Islote Frailes, 20 m, H.M. Guzman, 1 May 2003; STRI 628, Roca Catedral, 5–15 m, H.M. Guzman, 3 May 2003; STRI 650, Bajo Brincanco, Gulf of Chiriquí, 10–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 5 May 2003; STRI 718, 721–722, 729 – 731, 734, Bajo Trollope, Gulf of Panama, 10–20 m, H.M. Guzman, 6 August 2003; UCR 1037, 1042, Islote Frailes, 10–20 m, H.M. Guzman, 6 August 2003; UCR 1171, 1173, 1175, 1177, 1179, 1181, 1183, 1505, Roca Niagara, Gulf of Panama, 10–20 m, H.M. Guzman, 13 December 2001; UCR 1361 –1365, 1506, Piedra Hacha, 20–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 22 April 2002; UCR 1498, Isla Jicarita, Gulf of Chiriquí, 20–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 19 April 2002; UCR 1499, 1501, 1508, Islote Frailes, 10–30 m, H.M. Guzman, 12 December 2001. Description. Colonies wider than high, up to 120 mm in height and 200 mm in width. Most of the colonies are composed of a single fan, but some have two or three secondary fans that radiate from different parts of the main fan and grow parallel. Colour when preserved or alive is dark orange or reddish brown with lighter hues at the tips, and light ochre when dry. Colonies have a large holdfasts, and fans grow directly from this or sprout from short stems (up to 7 mm in diameter). Network is irregular. Meshes are very open (about 2–3 meshes/cm ²), mostly elongate, up to 45 mm in length, and 25 mm in width. Mesh branches are squarish in section, from 3 mm thick at their base to 1 mm at their tips. No midribs cross the fans, just some thick branches (up to 6 mm in diameter) at the base that diminish and merge with the fan. Endbranchlets are long; up to 25 mm in length. Freetwigs are abundant, up to 15 mm in length; they stick out from the fans, twist and grow parallel as free branches. The polyps are retracted within domeshaped coenenchymal mounds, which are prominent and arranged mostly in pairs along the sides of the branches. In dry specimens, the lateral distribution of the calices is more evident, and bands of coenenchyme are clear between them. The polyps are yellowish with rods arranged in strong, thick points, with some untidily arranged intermediate rods. The anthocodial rods are long, colourless or pale yellow (up to 0.18 mm in length and 0.02 mm in width). The coenenchymal sclerites are very ornamented, and are mostly large spindles (up to 0.22 mm in length, and 0.06 mm in width) with up to 8 complete whorls of tubercles, and warty ends. They are redorange to pale yellow and bicoloured, and together with P. s e n t a, include the longest spindles found in the genus. Capstans are less abundant in the slide samples; they are scarcely ornate, with only short tubercles. Holotype. The holotype (Fig. 1 G) is a single fan, 100 mm in height and 135 mm in width. Part of the holdfast was left behind when the specimen was collected. The preserved colony is reddish brown colony. Mesh branches are thick, about 2 mm in diameter. Numerous free twigs radiate from the fan as free branchlets. Endbranchlets reach 12 mm. Coenenchymal sclerites are redorange, pale yellow and bicoloured. They are mostly large spindles (up to 0.18 mm in length, and 0.06 mm in width) with 4–8 complete whorls of delicately sculpted tubercles, and with elongated warty ends, blunt, or acute (Fig. 5 A). There are also small, pale yellow capstans (up to 0.05 mm in length and 0.03 mm in width), and larger ones (up to 0.08 mm in length by 0.04 mm in width) with short, moderately warty tubercles (Fig. 5 B). Anthocodial sclerites are pale yellow. They are thin, long rods (up to 0.17 mm in length and 0.02 mm in width) with dentate margins and have acute, small warts, concentrated at the ends (Fig. 5 C). Remarks. This species is very similar to P. s e n t a, however, P. senta attains a larger size, the mesh branches are thinner, the meshwork finer (up to 23 mm long), and the colony has a more delicate appearance in comparison to the more robust P. sculpta. Dry specimens of P. s e n t a are brittle and the sclerites fall off easily, which is not the case in dry specimens of P. sculpta. Sclerites in both species are the largest recorded for the genus. Spindles in P. s e n t a and in P. sculpta reach the same size (up to 0.22 mm in length, and 0.06 mm in width), however, in P. s e n t a, the spindles have more whorls of tubercles (up to 10) than in P. sculpta (up to 8); thus sclerites of the latter have larger spaces between the whorls (and very warty tubercles). Capstans of both species are of similar shapes, but smaller sizes are reported for P. s e n t a (up to 0.06 mm in length) (Breedy & Guzman 2003 b). The colour of coenenchymal sclerites is definitely different. In all of the specimens of P. sculpta examined, two layers of differently coloured sclerites are clearly defined: reddishorange sclerites in the inner coenenchyme and pale yellow on the surface. In P. s e n t a, on the other hand, all sclerites are of the same colour; brownish pink to colourless. Anthocodial rods are also different, being shorter (up to 0.14 mm in length) and less spiny in P. s e n t a. We have found P. s c u l p t a at several localities in the Gulf of Chiriquí, and also from two sites in the Gulf of Panama, down to 30 m in depth. Breedy & Guzman (2003 b) pointed out that Stiasny (1943) dealt with a species from Isla del Rey, Gulf of Panama, sent to him by Hickson, which agrees with P. senta. Therefore, it was expected that P. s e n t a would be found to occur in Panama. Pacifigorgia senta has been collected from deeper waters, down to 40 m in Costa Rica. In recent collections made by dredging 35–60 m in depth, in Panamá, specimens of P. senta were indeed found, thus the occurrence of P. s e n t a is herein reported and confirmed. Curiously, both P. senta and P. sculpta, were collected together in the same dredge, what indicates that they may occur together. Habitat. Found from 10–40 m in depth, on vertical basaltic walls, living together with large P. e x i m i a colonies and many other octocorals. Though abundant in some places, this species is never the dominant species. Etymology. An adjective (L), sculptus = carved, in allusion to the ornamentation of the spindles. Distribution. Found widely distributed along Gulf of Panama, Gulf of Chiriquí, and Península de Azuero.Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2004, New species of the gorgoniian genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Pacific Panama, pp. 1-15 in Zootaxa 541 on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15770
B. De Guzman
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/261656346448
Item: [1987.0094.00365] "B. De Guzman
Pacifigorgia smithsoniana Breedy & Guzman, 2004, new species
No full text<i>Pacifigorgia smithsoniana,</i> new species <p>(Figs. 1 E–F, 4A–E)</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b> <i>Holotype</i>:</b> UCR 1406, Islote Frijol South, Gulf of Chiriquí, 2–5 m, H.M. Guzman, 24 April 2002.</p> <p> <b> <i>Paratypes</i>:</b> MCZ 57052, Punta Jicarón Nor­West, Gulf of Chiriquí, 3–6 m, H.M. Guzman, 18 April 2002; STRI 486, Bajo Foul, Península de Azuero, 15 m, H.M. Guzman, 11 April 2003; STRI 565, Islas Viudas, Gulf of Chiriquí, 4–6 m, H.M. Guzman, 18 April 2002; STRI 672, 673, Isla Pacora, Gulf of Chiriquí, 2–10 m, H.M. Guzman, 7 May 2003; UCR 1216, Punta Jicarón Nor­West, 3–6 m, H.M. Guzman, 18 April 2002; UCR 1422, 1423, Isla Brincano, Punta South­West, 3–15 m, H.M. Guzman, 27 April 2002; UCR 1429, 1430, Bajo Urracá, 3–20 m, H.M. Guzman, 27 April 2002.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Colonies wider than high, up to 150 in height, and 220 mm in width, composed of one or more fans. New fans arise from the others and grow parallel to them. Colour when wet preserved is reddish­orange and dark red when dry; when alive they range from red to dark red. Colonies of different coloured hues can be found on the same site, even on the same rock. Colonies have a strong holdfast, and the fans commonly arise directly from this, but some colonies have short stems up to 10 mm in length. Networks are regular and of closed meshes (Fig. 1 F), mostly angular, up to 7 mm in length and 3 mm in width (about 8–9 meshes/cm²). Mesh branches are squarish in section, up to 2.0 mm in diameter. There are no distinct midribs, but some thick basal branches (up to 10 mm in width) can be traced for short distances into the fans. End­branchlets are more rounded than squarish in section, up to 5 mm in length, and have pointed tips. Free­twigs are short (up to 3 mm in length). The polyps are retracted within dome­shaped, coenenchymal mounds which are slightly raised, and closely crowded on the branches. They are mostly arranged in two to four alternating rows along the branches; more on thick branches. There is a very thin rim of orange sclerites around the polyp apertures. Polyps are white with rods arranged in weak points, some very small biscuit­like rods are found at the base of the tentacles. Coenenchymal sclerites are different combinations and abundances of pink, and hues of red, from reddish­orange to pale yellow, and also multicoloured; many of them show a yellowish halo. The surface of the branches contains dark yellow capstans sparsely distributed on a solid layer of orange and reddish­orange, larger capstans and spindles. In some specimens, however, almost all sclerites have the same colour, generally reddish­orange, but a shine from yellow sclerites on the branches can always be seen. The coenenchymal sclerites are mostly wide capstans and spindles, robustly tuberculate, becoming barrel­like. Anthocodial sclerites are light yellow rods.</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b>. The holotype (Fig. 1 E) is a dry, deep red colony, mostly a single fan, and 120 mm in height, and 200 mm in width. The holdfast was broken at the time of collection. No complete midribs are present, but a thick branch (up to 10 mm in width) at the base subdivides in two thinner ones, which extend up to 70 mm into the fan. At the base of the colony the black axis is visible. Some short branches spread at right angles to form three very small secondary fans at different levels of the colony. The coenenchymal sclerites are mostly wide capstans and spindles, strongly ornamented, mainly reddish­orange, but some are mixtures of these colours. The spindles (up to 0.14 mm in length and 0.05 mm in width) have a complex ornamentation, mostly arranged as four whorls of warty tubercles.</p> <p>The ends are elongate, pointed or rounded, and abundant asymmetric forms occur with one blunt end and the other acute (Fig. 4 A): a few spindles are arched. The capstans are mostly large (up to 0.10 mm in length and 0.05 mm in width), with strong, warty tubercles. The most characteristic capstans are light red with a clearly marked waist and two tyre–like whorls of tubercles (Fig. 4 B), which are frequently found in sclerite samples. Less abundant smaller capstans, dark yellow (about 0.05 mm in length and 0.04 mm in width) with wide tubercles (Fig. 4 B) are also present. Four­radiates (up to 0.06 by 0.06 mm) with warty ends (Fig. 4 C), and various immature types of sclerites are present (Fig. 4 D). Anthocodial sclerites are yellow, sometimes pale. They are long rods (up to 0.11 mm in length and up to 0.03 mm in width) mostly with smooth or wavy margins, and some with short lobe­like projections (Fig. 4 E).</p> <p> <b>Habitat</b>. This species occurs scattered in patches among other more abundant species, such as <i>P. rubinoffi</i>, <i>P. rubicunda</i>, and <i>P. f i r m a</i>.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. In honour of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute located in the Republic of Panama; for decades of support to basic research in tropical marine coastal ecosystems.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Only reported for the type localities.</p>Published as part of <i>Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2004, New species of the gorgoniian genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Pacific Panama, pp. 1-15 in Zootaxa 541</i> on pages 10-12, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/157702">10.5281/zenodo.157702</a>
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Leptogorgia cofrini Breedy & Guzman, 2005, sp. nov.
No full textLeptogorgia cofrini, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–6) Material examined. Holotype: UCR 398 A, preserved, Islas Tortugas, Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, 1.5 m, J. Cortés, 18 July 1985. Paratypes: MCZ 62065, 2 specimens, preserved, Isla Tolinga, Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, 2 m, O. Breedy, 21 August 2000; UCR 398 B, as the holotype; UCR 1048, dry, Isla Canal Afuera, Gulf of Chiriquí, Panama, 3–5 m, H.M. Guzman, 10 December 2001; UCR 1319, dry, Islote, Gulf of Chiriquí, down to 11 m, H.M. Guzman, 20 April 2002; UCR 1401, 2 specimens, dry, Islote Frijol, Gulf of Chiriquí, 1–15 m, H.M. Guzman, 24 April 2002; UCR 1446, dry, Isla Otoque, Gulf of Panama, Panama, 1–5 m, H. M. Guzman, 9 May 2002; UCR 1519, 3 specimens, UCR 1532, preserved, Cabo Matapalito, Península de Osa, Costa Rica, 10 m, O. Breedy, 12 March 2004; UCR 1521, 2 specimens, preserved, Isla Jicarita SW, Gulf of Chiriqui, 15–20 m, H.M. Guzman, 19 April 2002; UCR 1522, preserved, Isla Barca, Gulf of Chiriqui, 3–9 m, H.M. Guzman, 18 April 2002; UCR 1526, preserved, eastern Islas Negritos, Gulf of Nicoya, 11 m, O. Breedy, 21 November 2002; UCR 1529, 9 specimens, preserved, western Islas Negritos, 11 m, O. Breedy, 21 November 2002; UCR 1531, 3 specimens, preserved, Archipiélago Murciélago, Costa Rica, 3–18 m, O. Breedy, 2 December 2003; UCR 1533, preserved, Bahía Salinas, Costa Rica, 10 m, O. Breedy, 9 July 2002; UCR 1569, 5 specimens, preserved, Roca Prosper, Gulf of Chiriquí, 3–15 m, H.M. Guzman, 11 December 2002; UCR 1570, 3 specimens, preserved, Cabeza de Mono, Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica, 9 m, E. Ruiz, 24 May 1997; UCR 1571, preserved, Cabeza de Mono, 10 m, O. Breedy, 27 June 1997; UCR 1572, 3 specimens, preserved, Archipiélago Murciélago, 15 m, O. Breedy, 16 October 1999; UCR 1573, 2 specimens, preserved, Isla del Caño, Costa Rica, 20 m, O. Breedy, 13 September 1996. Diagnosis. Dwarf, white colonies, up to 7 cm in length, and 5 cm in width. Axis cylindrical. Growth form upright, branching abundant, and bushy, with a single stem reaching up to 3 mm in height before branching, or multiple stems (up to 4). Anastomosis absent. Polyps sparsely placed all around branches, fully retractile. Sclerites colourless, and mostly capstans up to 0.09 mm in length, spindles few and up to 0.12 mm in length, and long anthocodial rods up to 0.14 mm in length. Description. The holotype is a small, bushy, white colony 3.4 cm in height and 3.0 cm in width, arising from a laminar holdfast covered by coenenchyme but devoid of polyps (Fig. 1 B). When it was alive, the holdfast spread over a rocky substrate, and other colonies were growing in close proximity (Fig. 1 A). There are three main stems arising from a small holdfast producing profuse irregular branching in many directions. The main stems are 1.5–2.0 mm in diameter, and the terminal twigs about 1.0 mm. Terminal twigs are pointed, up to 15 mm in length, and curved at the ends. Polyps are colourless, and are sparsely distributed on all sides, fully retractile into the coenenchyme, which is almost flat around the apertures (Fig. 1 B–C). Sclerites of the coenenchyme are colourless (Fig. 1 D). The few longer ones are tuberculate spindles, some slightly curved, up to 0.12 mm in length and 0.04 mm in width, with warts in girdles. The shorter ones are blunt tuberculate capstans, 0.09 mm in length, and 0.04 mm in width, with two whorls of complex tubercles and terminal clusters (Figs. 1 D, 2 A). A small number of crosses are also present, up to 0.07 by 0.07 mm in size (Fig. 2 A, bottom left). The anthocodiae mostly contain long, narrow, somewhat flattened rods, up to 0.14 mm in length, and 0.01 mm in width, with some lobelike marginal projections, and also, smaller rods with branching projections (Figs. 2 B, 3). The anthocodial rods are arranged vertically below the polyp tentacles. The combination of long anthocodial rods, abundant large capstans, and a low occurrence of spindles are distinct characteristics of the new species (Fig. 1 D). Axis and holdfast. The axis of the terminal branches is pale yellow, with a clearly visible narrow white chambered central core, becoming darker amber in the larger branches and main stems. Layers of mineralized gorgonin, the axial cortex, surround the central core. After maceration in sodium hypochlorite, the axis shows longitudinal strands of CHAp, leaving dark grooves where gorgonin was removed (Fig. 4 A). This arrangement of mineralized strands has been observed in other species of Leptogorgia (Lewis et al. 1992, Bayer 2000, Bayer & Macintyre 2001). The chambers of the axial core of L. cofrini sp. nov. are filled with organic filaments mineralized with CHAp (Figs. 4 B, 5 A–B). The filaments are coated with microspheres of CHAp that fuse to produce branching extensions that partially anastomose. Microspheres that are isolated, or have different degrees of fusion are also found (Fig. 5). In this new species the meshwork of filaments is not dense, anastomosis is open, and mineralization consists of mostly large microspheres (up to 0.90 µm). The holdfast consists of thin layers of gorgonin with mineralized loculi (Fig. 6 A). Loculi are filled with organic filaments (Fig. 6 B–C) that are also mineralized. Longitudinal fractures of the surface expose the filaments coated with microspheres of CHAp fused to form columnlike arrangements (Fig. 6 C–D). After partial removal of the organic matter by maceration in sodium hypochlorite, some microspheres show a hollow core where the organic filaments were dissolved (Fig. 6 D), thus, a concentric deposition process around the filaments has occurred. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. David A. Cofrin, a physician, philanthropist and visionary scienceenthusiast who has contributed to the advancement of research in biology. Dr. Cofrin's interest in the rise of the Isthmus of Panama and its influence over the last 12 million years on the evolution of life’s diversity in the Americas is encouraging the development of extensive research on marine biology and paleobiology. Habitat. The new species was found inhabiting shallow waters, from 1 m to 25 m in depth on rocky communities exposed to strong waves and currents. It is very common between 10 and 15 m where it appears in patches together with other octocorals species, but being the dominant species. Distribution. Various localities along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama, under contrasting oceanographic and hydrological conditions (e.g., upwelling and nonupwelling regimes). Remarks. Leptogorgia cofrini sp. nov. is allied to a group of Leptogorgia that could be called the Leptogorgia alba Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 group. They all are white with various branching patterns and different abundances of sclerite types. Excluding Leptogorgia styx Bayer, 2000, that was properly described and characterised, the rest of this group needs revision and redescription. However, Leptogorgia cofrini sp. nov. presents a characteristic small size, branching pattern, and sclerites that clearly differentiate it. The arrangement of CHAp in layers along the axis of L. cofrini sp. nov. matches L. styx (Bayer 2000), but the CHAp mineralization of the filaments in the core chambers showes some similarity to that found in Leptogorgia cardinalis (Bayer, 1961) by Bayer & Macintyre (2001), having a looser mesh of filaments, and larger microspheres.Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2005, A new species of Leptogorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from the shallow waters of the eastern Pacific, pp. 1-11 in Zootaxa 899 on pages 3-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17096
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Heterogorgia hickmani Breedy & Guzman 2005
No full textHeterogorgia hickmani Breedy & Guzman, 2005 (Figs. 1 A–B, 2, 3) Heterogorgia hickmani Breedy & Guzman, 2005: 803 –806; Castro et al. 2010: 779. Material examined. Holotype: CDRS 03– 95, ethanol preserved, La Botella, Floreana Island, Galápagos Islands, 7.5 m, C. Hickman, 19 January 2003. Paratypes: CDRS 03– 699, ethanol preserved, Pinzón Island, Galápagos Islands, 7.5 m, C. Hickman, 18 November 2003; CDRS Ang 156, four fragments, ethanol preserved, La Botella, 6 m, A. Chiriboga, 25 May 2004; CDRS Ang 139, fragment, ethanol preserved, La Botella, 11 m, A. Chiriboga, 8 February 2004. Other material. ECUADOR: IIN 50, 78, dry, Gigima, Reserva de Producción Faunística Marino Costera Puntilla de Santa Elena, 12–14 m, F. Rivera, P. Martínez, R. Nebot and O. Breedy, 22 July 2010; IIN 122, dry, Los Ahorcados Islet, Provincia de Manabí, F. Rivera, P. Martínez, R. Nebot and O. Breedy, 10–12 m, 25 July 2010; GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS: CDRS Ang. 122, ethanol preserved, Gordons Rock, 24 m, A. Chiriboga, 23 January 2004; CDRS 04- 167, ethanol preserved, Los Cañones, Isabela, 11 m, A. Chiriboga, 9 October 2004; CDRS 04- 317, ethanol preserved, Caleta Negra, 15 m, A. Chiriboga, 30 November 2004; CDRS CDRS 04- 326, ethanol preserved, Las Marielas, 3 m, A. Chiriboga, 2 December 2004; CDRS 04- 359, ethanol preserved, La Botella, 15 m, A. Chiriboga, 4 December 2004; CDRS 04- 367, ethanol preserved, Kicker Rock, San Cristóbal, 15 m,A. Chiriboga, 5 December 2004; CDRS 04- 370, ethanol preserved, Five fingers, San Cristóbal, 15 m, A. Chiriboga, 5 December 2004; CDRS 04- 380, ethanol preserved, Santa Fe, 24 m, A. Chiriboga, 6 December 2004; CDRS 07- 101-102, ethanol preserved, Don Ferdi, Brainbridge Rocks, 24–26 m, O. Breedy, 9 March 2007; CDRS 07- 114, ethanol preserved, Gordons Rock, 24 m, O. Breedy, 10 March 2007; CDRS 07- 124, ethanol preserved, San Cristóbal, 15 m, C.P. Hickman, 11 March 2007; CDRS 07- 193, ethanol preserved, Pinzón, 15 m O. Breedy, 2 March 2007. Description. Colonies are composed of a few thick stems, branched or unbranched and slightly crooked with a rounded tip (Figs. 1 A, 2 A), that are up to 18 cm long, and are connected at their base by a continuous encrusting holdfast. The diameter of branches including calyces is up to 15 mm, and about 19 mm at tips. When alive, the polyps are bright yellow and the coenenchyme looks brownish (Fig. 1 A–B). The polyps are densely packed around the branches (40–50 calyces/cm), more scarcely distributed on the holdfast and at the base of branches. The calyces are prominent, up to 2 mm diameter with a spiny lobed rim, and up to 1 mm tall (Fig. 2 A–B). The anthocodial armature consists of a strong collaret and points arrangement. The collaret is composed of three rows of long curved spindles 0.5–0.7 mm long and 0.05–0.13 mm wide, with small warts on their surface; some have one or two short branchlike projections at one side (Fig. 3 A). The points consist of five pairs of warty spindles and rods, 0.35–0.50 mm long and 0.04–0.06 mm wide, arranged en chevron (Fig. 3 B). The calicular rim has 3–4 whorls of long, strong, thorns, 0.3–0.5 mm long (Fig. 3 C). The coenenchymal sclerites include spindles, straight, bent or irregularly branched, 0.25–0.45 mm long and 0.10–0.15 mm wide (Fig. 3 D); irregular warty ovals, 0.06– 0.12 mm long and 0.04–0.07 mm wide (Fig. 3 F); and crosses that are up to 0.10–0.25 mm (Fig. 3 E). The tentacular thorny rods are 0.08–0.20 mm long and 0.02–0.05 mm wide (Fig. 3 G). A more detailed description is given in Breedy & Guzman (2005). The colour of the colonies is whitish to beige or greenish in ethanol or dry preserved. Remarks. The stems with just one or two wide branches, the large calyces arranged very close together, and the predominance of larger sclerites distinguish this species from all others. This species has been found at several sites in the Galápagos Islands and recently off the mainland coast of Ecuador. There are no records elsewhere in the eastern Pacific.Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2011, A revision of the genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae), pp. 27-44 in Zootaxa 2995 on pages 30-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20111
Mexico/PAHO -- 1975 -- OPV Production, International -- letter, 1975-01-14
No full textLetter from Orozco, Renaldo Guzman to Sabin, Albert B. dated 1975-01-14.Sabin Collection Fair Use Policy</a
Pacifigorgia ferruginea Breedy & Guzman, 2004, new species
No full textPacifigorgia ferruginea, new species (Figs. 1 C–D, 3 A–E) Material examined. Holotype: STRI 423, Islas Ladrones, Gulf of Chiriquí, 15 m, H. Guzman and O. Breedy, 27 August 2002. Paratypes: MCZ 57051, STRI 422 B, UCR 1503 same data as holotype; STRI 521, Islas Ladrones, 5 m, H.M. Guzman, 15 April 2003; STRI 764, 765, Isla Galera, Gulf of Panama, 5 m, H.M. Guzman, 7 August 2003; UCR 1046, 1050, 1504, Isla Canal Afuera, Gulf of Chiriquí, 3–12 m, H.M. Guzman, 10 December 2001. Description. Colonies wider than high, up to 110 in height, and 150 mm in width, composed of one or more fans. New fans radiate from different parts of the main fan and grow parallel. Colour when preserved is dark purple intermingled with orange, when alive it is a characteristic rustcolour, acquiring a lighter hue when dry. Orange sclerites, sparsely distributed on the surface of the branches, give the impression of rust on the colony, which is very distinctive for this species. Colonies have a strong holdfast, and the fans grow directly from this. Networks are regular and of closed meshes (6–7 meshes/cm ²) (Fig. 1 C), and about 2–5 mm in diameter. Some meshes are notably elongated and thin, about 15 mm in length and 1–1.5 mm in width. Small colonies have larger meshes. Mesh branches are squarish in section, up to 1.0 mm in diameter. No distinct midribs were observed, but some thick branches (up to 5 mm in width) at the colony base extend for a short distance (up to 15–20 mm) into the fans. Endbranchlets are pointed, up to 7 mm in length. Freetwigs are around 3 mm in length, but in some colonies they reach up to 7 mm. The polyps are retracted within domeshaped coenenchymal mounds which are slightly raised, and close together, with dark purple sclerites forming a thin ring around the polyp apertures. They are crowded on the branches and mostly arranged in pairs; although four rows occur on thick branches. Polyps are white with rods arranged in thin points, and with sparse intermediate (mesenterially arranged) rods. The rods are mostly colourless, pale pink or pale yellow; darker hues also occur. In some specimens (paratype, UCR 1050) the rods are light purple, especially in the centre with a lighter halo. Coenenchymal sclerites are large, wide capstans and spindles, with whorls of tubercles, and can be dark purple, orange to dark orange, and bicoloured with one end dark orange and the other dark purple. A combination of small orange capstans and large, wide, dark purple capstans and spindles is always observed in microscopic preparations. The majority Holotype. The holotype (Fig. 1 C) is a dry colony, 120 mm in height, and 140 mm in width, composed of a main fan, two small secondary fans, and some free branches at the base. The encrusting holdfast is attached to a small calcareous rock. No midribs cross the fans, but some thick, flat branches (up to 8 mm in diameter) extend from the holdfast for some distance, and the small secondary fans radiate perpendicularly from them, producing a starlike arrangement. Coenenchymal sclerites are dark purple, dark orange, orange, and some multicoloured. Spindles (up to 0.15 mm in length and 0.06 mm in width) have 4–6 complete whorls of tubercles, elongated warty ends (Fig. 3 A), and are acute at both tips, or asymmetrical, with one blunt end. Capstans may be very large (up to 0.10 mm in length and 0.06 mm in width), with strong, warty tubercles, or small, and always orange (about 0.04 mm in length and 0.03 mm in width) (Fig. 3 B). Some fourradiates (up to 0.09 mm in length by 0.09 mm in width) with warty ends (Fig. 3 C) and various immature sclerites (Fig. 3 D) are commonly found in the samples. Anthocodial sclerites are light yellow to colourless. They are flat, wide rods (up to 0.09 mm in length and up to 0.03 mm in width) with lobed or scalloped margins (Fig. 3 E). Remarks. Although some similarity exists in the size and shape of sclerites of P. f e r ruginea and P. smithsoniana new species, the latter is more variegate in colour and has more barrellike sclerites. A marked difference is also found in the anthocodial rods, which are longer in P. smithsoniana and are without wide lobed margins. When alive, the species are very different, notably the remarkable rusted aspect of the colonies of P. ferruginea. Habitat. This species was abundant at Isla Ladrones growing on vertical walls from 14 to 15 m in depth, together with a species of Leptogorgia. Etymology. An adjective (L), ferrugineus = rustcoloured, rusty. Distribution. Only reported for the type localities.Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca & Guzman, Hector M., 2004, New species of the gorgoniian genus Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Pacific Panama, pp. 1-15 in Zootaxa 541 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15770
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