1,720,976 research outputs found
Agroresidue-based biorefineries
No full textAgroresidues are the waste by-products of agricultural crops and agroindustries. The generation of these waste materials poses disposal issues that lead to environmental and economic concerns. These issues could be addressed by utilizing these waste materials for the production of other value-added products. It serves as an abundant, inexpensive, and a renewable source for the production of various products. The agroresidual waste, such as lignocellulosic biomass, is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. For the efficient production of sugars from lignocellulosic biomass, various types of pretreatment have to be carried out for the removal of either hemicelluloses or lignin. Pretreatment is an important step for the recovery of cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. An ideal pretreatment will minimize sugar loss and prevent inhibitor generation with minimal energy inputs. Several research and developmental activities are going on throughout the world for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to fuels and chemicals. This chapter gives an overview of different sources of agroindustry wastes, current conversion strategies adopted for the production of different value-added products from pretreated biomass, and pretreatment liquor.GR-G
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Enzymatic mitigation of acrylamide in fried potato chips using asparaginase from <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>
No full textOptimization and techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum oil using heterogeneous nanocatalyst
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Statistical and evolutionary optimisation of operating conditions for enhanced production of fungal l-asparaginase
No full textAbstractA three-level central composite design of the Response Surface Methodology and the Artificial Neural Network-linked Genetic Algorithm were applied to find the optimum operating conditions for enhanced production of l-asparaginase by the submerged fermentation of Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1782. The various effects of the operating conditions, including temperature, pH, inoculum concentration, agitation rate, and fermentation time on the experimental production of l-asparaginase, were fitted to a second-order polynomial model and non-linear models using Response Surface Methodology and the Artificial Neural Network, respectively. The Artificial Neural Network model fitted well, achieving a higher coefficient of determination (R 2 = 0.999) than the second-order polynomial model (R 2 = 0.962). The l-asparaginase activity (38.57 IU s mL−1) predicted under the optimum conditions of 32.08°C, pH of 5.85, inoculum concentration of 1 vol. %, agitation rate of 123.5 min−1, and fermentation time of 55.1 h was obtained using the Artificial Neural Networklinked Genetic Algorithm in very close agreement with the activity of 37.84 IU mL−1 achieved in confirmation experiments.</jats:p
Biofuels and Bioenergy production in a circular bioconomy - A brief overview
No full textThe circular bioeconomy can be visualized as a set of ‘many through many to many’ relationships, connecting different types of biomaterials from a variety of source-sectors via diverse processes and technologies in biorefineries, to end-use applications availing of the resulting valorized bio-products. One end-use sector is the energy sector; the end-use applications being as sources of heat and electricity, and as transport fuels. The focus of the chapters in this book is on bioenergy and biofuels in a circular bioeconomy, while this introductory chapter is an overview of published research in this niche area</p
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