243 research outputs found
Ring-polymer molecular dynamics: Rate coefficient calculations for energetically symmetric (near thermoneutral) insertion reactions (X + H[subscript 2]) → HX + H(X = C([superscript 1]D), S([superscript 1]D))
No full textFollowing our previous study of prototypical insertion reactions of energetically asymmetric type with the RPMD (Ring-Polymer Molecular Dynamics) method [Y. Li, Y. Suleimanov, and H. Guo, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5, 700 (2014)], we extend it to two other prototypical insertion reactions with much less exothermicity (near thermoneutral), namely, X + H[subscript 2] → HX + H where X = C([superscript 1] D), S([superscript 1] D), in order to assess the accuracy of this method for calculating thermal rate coefficients for this class of reactions. For both chemical reactions, RPMD displays remarkable accuracy and agreement with the previous quantum dynamic results that make it encouraging for the future application of the RPMD to other barrier-less, complex-forming reactions involving polyatomic reactants with any exothermicity.United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Energy Frontier Research Center for Excitonics. Combustion Energy Frontier Research Center. Award DE-SC0001198)MIT Energy Initiativ
Thermal Characteristics of Liquid Metal Interconnects for Power Semiconductors
Get PDFDue to its electrical conductivity and fluidity, liquid metal interconnection has the potential to become a new industrial power semiconductors packaging application method to solve the failure of wire bonding liftoff and improve the reliability of power semiconductor applications. As a crucial characteristic in use, the thermal characteristics of liquid metal interconnects for power semiconductors are obtained experimentally in this paper. By powering a diode die in a bridge busbar liquid metal interconnect structure, the thermal resistance from the die to the ambient is extracted. The result shows that the liquid metal interconnects method has the potential to improve the thermal behavior of power semiconductors compared with wire-bonding interconnection. The finite element simulation explains the possible reasons causing abnormal temperature responses among some samples. Besides, during the test, a slow decline in the forward voltage of the module is observed.</p
The Possibilities and Limitations of the Research on Ernian luling : Recent Research on the Wendi Reign Utilizing the Newly Excavated Bamboo Manuscripts (Special Issue : HISTORICAL RESEARCH TODAY, 2006)
No full textSince the publication of the Zhangjiashan bamboo manuscripts in 2001, numerous studies on this new material, especially of Ernian luling (Statutes and ordinances in the second year), have been made. The excavated code, dated to the beginning of the Han dynasty, has given us a lot of information on Han institutions, and cast new light on our understanding of political history. The author takes up the political problems in the Wendi reign (BC 180-BC 157), analyzes prior studies on this matter, and attains a new stand point from which to reassess the institutional reformation made by Wendi, In addition, a discussion of the characteristics of Ernian luling as excavated material is one of the aims of this paper. The most urgent problem facing the Wendi reign was to develop counter- measures against the marquises. In order to reduce their threat, Wendi subdivided their fiefs, Jingdi later reduced them, and Wudi eventually realized direct control over the whole empire. This process gives us the impression that the elimination of marquises was also the goal of Wendi's policy. The broad discretion given to marquises, and the strict limitation on horse exports to marquises, both of which we can see in Ernian luling, seem to support this impression. However, the horse trade limitation was also aimed at prices and purchases within the territory under the direct control of the emperor, therefore, its main purpose was to secure enough horses to confront the Xiongnu as well as the marquises. In 168 BC, Wendi got rid of the checkpoints, probably including those which were set up on the border with the territory of the marquises, which suggests a detente with them in the middle of his reign. One of the most famous reforms is the abolition of mutilation as punishment in 167 BC, and fixed terms of the hard labour were also set at the same time. Although the background has been explained in the context of the penal system reform, the details of the penal system recorded in the Ernian luling suggest another viewpoint. The problem that threatened Wendi in the second half of his reign was the attacks from the Xiongnu, which intensified after 169 BC, and their troops threatened the capital in 166 BC. Defending his empire, Wendi carried out several plans, one of whose ends was to reorganize the system of labour services. As part of this trend, the hard labour system must have been rationalized. Viewed from a different viewpoint, hard labour without any fixed term meant an endless necessity of supplying official food because convicts were issued a certain amount of food, at least in principle. We have to count the abolition of the mutilation as a penalty as a way of economizing
Chinese undergraduate students' experience studying in the U.S.
Get PDFThis research explored the experiences of Chinese undergraduate students studying in the United States. With the recent soaring number of Chinese undergraduate students at U.S. campuses as well as a lack of previous research on this population, it is important to understand this group of students and their experiences of studying in the U.S. at the current time period. The key research questions were: (a) What are the students' motivations for studying in undergraduate programs in the U.S.? (b) What are their academic, social, and cultural experiences studying in the U.S.? and (c) What are the students' recommendations for the hosting institutions? Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 Chinese undergraduate students at a Midwestern research university. The findings are summarized within themes that emerged from the data, including students' motivations for coming to study in American undergraduate programs, their academic impressions and perceived differences, the challenges and frustrations they encountered, the changes they experienced, as well as their recommendations for the hosting institutions. Future research is also discussed.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Wendi Shen, accepted the attached license on 2016-04-22 at 12:22.The student, Wendi Shen, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-04-22 at 12:28.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-04-22 at 15:23.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9280 on 2016-07-07 at 14:17:03Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T21:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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IMPLEMENTASI PEMBERIAN REMISI TERHADAP NARAPIDANA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KLAS IIA PADANG
Get PDFIMPLEMENTASI PEMBERIAN REMISI TERHADAP NARAPIDANA TINDAK
PIDANA KORUPSI DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KLAS IIA PADANG
WENDI PURNAMA
1121211043
ABSTRAK
Salah satu wujud pembinaan dalam system pemasyarakatan adalah adanya pemberian remisi
terhadap narapidana yang telah memenuhi kriteria yang diatur dalam Undang-undang.
Pemberian remisi terhadap narapidana korupsi harus tetap mengedepankan nilai-nilai kodrati
manusia atau hak-hak asasi manusia, meskipun saat ini narapidana korupsi disamping
menjalani sanksi hokum juga mendapatkan sanksi sosial. Pemberian remisi diperketat
terhadap Narapidana Tindak Pidana Narkotika, Korupsi dan Terorisme sesuai dengan
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 99 Tahun 2012. Pemberian remisi bagi Narapidana Tindak
Pidana Korupsi disyaratkan harus membayar uang pengganti dan denda yang ditetapkan
dalam Putusan Pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan tetap. Dalam pada penelitian ini
penulis menemukan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: 1) Bagaimana proses pengajuan
pemberian remisi terhadap narapidana tindak pidana korupsi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan
Klas IIA Padang? 2) Bagaimana implementasi pemberian remisi terhadap narapidana tindak
pidana korupsi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas IIA Padang ? 3) Apa sajakah kendalakendala
dalam pelaksanaan Pemberian Remisi terhadap narapidana tindak pidana korupsi di
Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas IIA Padang ?. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian
yuridis sosiologis (sosial legal approach), dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan
deskriptif analitis. Jenis data yang dipergunakan adalah data primer (data yang diperoleh
langsung dilapangan dengan metode wawancara) dan data sekunder (data yang berasal dari
penelitian kepustakaan). Penulis berdasarkan hasil penelitian menemukan: 1) Proses
pengajuan remisi bagi narapidana tindak pidana korupsi pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas
IIA Padang dilakukan dengan cara a) Telah menjalani masa pidana selama 6 (enam) bulan
masa tahanan b) Narapidana yang bersangkutan merupakan justice collaborator dalam
perkaranya, c) Narapidana telah membayar denda dan uang pengganti, d) Narapidana
berkelakuan baik, 2) Dalam implementasinya Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas IIA Padang
pada tahun 2013 telah memberikan remisi kepada Narapidana Korupsi sebanyak 7 orang,
tahun 2014 sebanyak 5 orang dan tahun 2015 sebanyak 4 orang. Pemberian remisi ini
didasarkan karena telah terpenuhinya syarat dalam pengajuan remisi bagi koruptor, 3)
Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pemberian remisi pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas IIA
Padang adanya kendala dalam justice collaborator, kendala dari Sumber Daya Masyarakat,
dan Narapidana itu sendiri. Permasalahan dalam remisi ini seringkali terjadi lamanya surat
balasan terkait SK dari Kementrian Hukum dan HAM dalam memberikan persetujuan
terhadap remisi yang akan diterima oleh terpidana.
Kata Kunci: Remisi, Narapidana, Tindak Pidana Korupsi, Lembaga Pemasyarakatan.
IMPLEMENTATION OF REMING FOR CORRUPTION PRISONER
IN PENITENTIARY ClASS IIA PADANG
WENDI PURNAMA
1121211043
ABSTRACT
One form of guidance in the penitentiary system is the provision of remissions to inmates
who have met the criteria set forth in the Act. The granting of remissions to corruption
prisoners must continue to promote human values or human rights, even though corruption
prisoners in addition to legal sanctions are also subject to social sanctions. Provision of
tightened remissions on Narcotics, Corruption and Terrorism Prisoners in accordance with
Government Regulation No. 99 of 2012. Remissions for Corruption Prisoners are required to
pay substitute money and penalties stipulated in Court Decisions that have permanent
powers. In this study the authors find the formulation of the problem as follows : 1) How is
the process of filing a remission of prisoners of corruption in Penitentiary Class IIA Padang ?
2) How is the implementation of remission of prisoners of corruption in Penitentiary Class
IIA Padang ? 3) What are the obstacles in the execution of Remission on convicted
corruption in Penitentiary Class IIA Padang ? This study uses this research type of social
legal approach using method of deskriptive analytical. The type of data used is primary data
(data obtained directly in the field by interview method) and secondary data (data derived
from library research). The author based on the findings of the study found : 1) The process
of filing a remission for prisoners of corruption in Penitentiary Class IIA Padang is done in
ways : a) Has been serving the criminal for 6 (six) months of imprisonment, b) Prisoners
concerned is the justice collaborator in his case, c) Prisoners have paid fines and surrogate
money, d) Prisoners are well behaved, 2) In the implementation of Penitentiary Class IIA
Padang has given remission to Corruption Prisoners as many as 7 people in 2013, 5 people in
2014 and 4 people in 2015. The granting of this remission is based on the fulfillment of the
terms of filing a remission for corruptors, 3) The obstacles faced in the remission of
Penitentiary Class IIA Padang are the obstacles in the justice collaborator, the constraints of
Community Resources, and the prisoners themselves. The problem in this remission is often
the length of a reply letter related to the decree of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights in
giving approval to the remission to be received by the convicted person.
Keywords: Remission, Prisoners, Corruption, Correctional Institution
University Libraries as Advocates for Latin American Indigenous Languages and Cultures
Get PDFThe revitalization of Latin American Indigenous languages started many years ago, but only some university libraries in the United States have taken steps to advocate for preservation, access, inclusion, and diversity through collection building covering these languages and cultures. This study examines holdings of Quechua, Nahuatl, Guaraní, Zapotec, Maya, Mapudungun, and Aymara materials in 87 university libraries in the United States. This study seeks to answer the question: are university libraries in the United States supporting inclusion and diversity through the purchase of Latin American Indigenous language materials? In addition, the author explores what initiatives university libraries could take to further the revitalization and advancement of these Indigenous languages.</p
A Central Role for Hypoxia-inducible Transcription Factor Signaling in the Regulation of Skeletal Lineage Cells
No full textOsteoporosis and low bone density affect an estimated 54 million adults of 50 years and over in the United States, resulting in $19 billion in costs for osteoporosis-related bone breaks. Current treatments include the use of antiresorptive and anabolic drugs to decrease the rate of bone resorption and increase the rate of bone formation, respectively. However, these current treatments are unable to completely normalize skeletal integrity. As bone diseases become increasingly prevalent, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies to improve quality of life and reduce economic burden on the healthcare system. To identify novel therapeutic targets, we must first begin to understand the cellular complexity of the bone marrow niche and how cellular function is regulated within the bone tissue. Bone-resident cells, such as skeletal progenitors and their descendants, are critically influenced by extrinsic signals derived from the local microenvironment. Previous studies have identified hypoxia as a key microenvironment factor in bone. Thus, the ability to target the hypoxic bone marrow niche presents an attractive and untapped potential for regenerative medicine. Much of the work investigating the role of hypoxia and HIF signaling have focused on mature osteoblast and chondrocyte populations. In contrast, studies investigating the contribution of HIF signaling on skeletal progenitors and marrow adipocyte populations are scarce. In this dissertation, I investigate the role of hypoxia and HIF signaling in skeletal lineage cells, chiefly skeletal progenitor cells and marrow adipogenic lineage cells. Using cellular, genetic, and pharmacological-based approaches, I characterize the roles of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in both homeostatic and pathological contexts in the aforementioned cell populations. First, I propose an optimized cell-based system to investigate the function of skeletal progenitors in vitro. Here, I highlight the limitations of current in vitro isolation techniques and introduce a relatively simple method of bone marrow stromal cell purification using hypoxia. Using this system, I assess how skeletal progenitors respond to hypoxic cues and interrogate skeletal progenitor cell differentiation and functional responses in my subsequent research. Next, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, I investigate the role of HIF-2α in bone formation following radiation-injury where I identify HIF-2α as a negative regulator of bone recovery. Additionally, with the assistance of my collaborators, I develop and characterize a bone-targeting nanocarrier to ameliorate radiation-induced bone loss. Lastly, I detail early work I conducted to investigate the role of HIF signaling in marrow adipogenic lineage cells. Here, I establish and characterize animal models to determine how hypoxia and HIF signaling influences adipogenic lineage commitment and expansion in an early and mature marrow adipogenic population. In summary, this dissertation aims to expand our limited understanding on how the hypoxic bone microenvironment and HIF signaling regulate skeletal lineage cells in vivo, with a special focus on skeletal progenitor and marrow adipogenic populations. In terms of boarder impacts, understanding the signaling networks that regulate bone homeostasis and recovery processes will not only expand our basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal development, but also provide novel insights for developing therapies to treat bone loss. </p
Chia I (Jia Yi), 2nd century BC
No full textA native of Lo-yang, whose precocious talents were brought to the notice of the Emperor Wen Ti (Wendi) of the Han dynasty, the result being that he was made a Doctor in the Imperial Academy. He was exiled and became tutor to the Prince of Liang. Author of the Hsin Shu (Xin Shu) and some poems
Self-heating and spontaneous combustion of wood pellets during storage
No full textSelf-heating of wood pellets is a major concern during long term storage. Internal temperatures rose to 57℃ in 10 days in a wood pellet silo of 21.9 m diameter in Fibreco Inc. (Vancouver, Canada) after pellets (about 20℃) were loaded into the silo. Self-heating could lead to serious accidental fires, causing enormous damage and danger to workers. In this study, the self-heating rate at different temperatures was experimentally determined, and the thermal properties were measured. for wood pellets produced in British Columbia, Canada. The factors such as moisture content, pellet age and environment temperature were investigated and their impacts on the self-heating process were analyzed.
Moisture content has a significant effect on effective thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of packed pellets, but has no effect on the self-heating at the temperature range of 30℃ to 50℃. Pellets age and environment temperature are two major factors impacting the self-heating and off-gassing process. The self-heating rate is significantly increased at higher a temperature and eventually will lead to a thermal runaway when the ambient temperature is high enough. Experimental results show that the critical ambient temperature for thermal runaway decreases as the reactor size increases. The reaction kinetics was studied at both low temperatures (30℃ to 50℃) and high temperatures (100℃ to 200℃) and kinetic parameters were extracted from experimental results and correlations were developed.
Based on all measured properties data and kinetics data, a two-dimensional axi-symmetric self-heating model was developed to predict the self-heating process and thermal runaway in large wood pellet silo. The influences of cooling airflow rate, wall insulation, and dimension of the storage container, ambient temperature and wind condition were studied. The results show that air ventilation inside of the silo is a very effective approach for reducing self-heating and preventing thermal runaway at ambient temperatures lower than 330 K. The critical ambient temperature for a 21 m diameter silo can be as low as 36℃ in the absence of air ventilation. The current model can be used to safe guide the design and operation of large industrial wood pellets silos.Applied Science, Faculty ofChemical and Biological Engineering, Department ofGraduat
DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSITIVE BIOTIN-AVIDIN AMPLIFIED ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF KETAMINE IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES
No full textAn effective biotin-avidin amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) was developed to determine ketamine in biological samples. A conjugate of ketamine and ovalbumin (OVA) was used for immunization to produce polyclonal antibody. The conjugate of ketamine and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with polyclonal antibody was calculated to have an affinity constant (Kaff) of 3.30x108(mol/L)-1. The linear range of ketamine was 0.1-1000 mu g/L with recoveries from 89.6% to 99.9% in spiked sample analysis. The detection limit of ketamine was 0.03 mu g/L, which is more sensitive than that of the traditional ELISA. The results obtained by BA-ELISA agreed well with that of the traditional ELISA, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98.Biochemical Research MethodsImmunologyMedical Laboratory TechnologySCI(E)2ARTICLE3205-2163
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