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    Læreres erfaringer med å tilpasse leseopplæringen for flerspråklige elever som strever med lesing.

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    Dette er en masteroppgave i tilpasset opplæring gjennomført ved Høgskolen i Innlandet. Oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i at det er en økende andel flerspråklige barn som snakker et annet morsmål enn undervisningsspråket i skolen, og at de flerspråklige elevene har betydelig svakere prestasjoner i lesing sammenlignet med majoritetsspråklige elever (PIRLS 2021). På en flerkulturell skole kan det være utfordrende å tilpasse opplæringen i språklig og kulturelt heterogene elevgrupper. Dette danner grunnlaget for valgt tema for min oppgave og problemstillingen til prosjektet er; «Hvilke erfaringer har lærere med å arbeide med tilpasset opplæring for flerspråklige elever som strever med lesing?» Oppgaven er en undersøkelse av fem lærere som jobber på fem forskjellige skoler med en høy andel flerspråklige elever. Gjennom kvalitativ forskningsmetode vil oppgaven undersøke læreres erfaringer fra sitt arbeid med flerspråklige elever, og hvordan de tilpasser opplæringen for flerspråklige elever som strever med lesing. Resultatene viser at lærerne jeg intervjuet har ulike erfaringer og måter å arbeide med leseopplæring på, som bidrar til diskusjonen om arbeid med tilpasset opplæring for flerspråklige elever som strever med lesing. Undersøkelsens funn viser at lærerne synes det er utfordrende å tilpasse leseopplæringen i språklig- og kulturelt heterogene klasser, at det krever kompetanse og endringer i både holdninger og praksis. Et interessant funn var hvordan noen av lærerne organiserte opplæringen i den ordinære undervisningen, og hvilke metoder de benyttet for å få til dette på en god og inkluderende måte.This is a master's thesis in adapted education conducted at the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences. The thesis is based on the increasing proportion of multilingual children who speak a mother tongue different from the language of instruction in schools, and that multilingual students have significantly lower reading performance compared to majority-language students (PIRLS 2021). In a multicultural school, it can be challenging to adapt teaching in linguistically and culturally heterogeneous student groups. This forms the basis for the chosen theme of my thesis, and the research question for the project is: "What experiences do teachers have when working with adapted education for multilingual students who struggle with reading?" The thesis is a study of five teachers working at five different schools with a high proportion of multilingual students. Through a qualitative research method, the thesis explores teachers' experiences from their work with multilingual students and how they adapt education for multilingual students who struggle with reading. The results show that the teachers I interviewed have different experiences and approaches to working with reading instruction, which contributes to the discussion about working with adapted education for multilingual students who struggle with reading. The findings of the study indicate that the teachers find it challenging to adapt reading instruction in linguistically and culturally diverse classes, and that it requires expertise and changes in both attitudes and practices. An interesting finding was how some of the teachers organized the instruction in regular classes and the methods they used to achieve this in an inclusive way

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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    koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist

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    We have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used

    Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902

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    In Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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