33 research outputs found
Implementation of distance technologies in Euro-Asian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe authors of the chapter Implementation of distance technologies in Euro-
Asian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic are Sergey Kokhan, Ariunsanaa
Byambaa, Elena Romanova, Batbaatar Gunchin and Witold Kowalski. The aim of
the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the organization of the transition
to the distance education (DE) during the coronavirus period in the universities
of Mongolia and Russia and to identify problems that need to be addressed by
the administration of universities and academic teaching staff. The study object
are students of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS,
Mongolia) and Trans-Baikal State University (TBSU, Russia). The main research
method was questioning. The total number of respondents was 271 people. The
research carried out at the universities in Mongolia and Russia showed a certain
difference in approaches to solving alternative problems which were connected
with the transition to DE and the identification of problems among students of the
two countries. In the period of pandemic, the transition from the traditional system
to DE was the only correct way to save education all over the world. Nevertheless,
the emergency transition showed both its positive aspects and the problems of
the system. It is possible to solve these problems but they can only be solved with
the interaction of all interested sides, starting with state level, the administration
of universities, the teaching staff, and ending with student youth, the consumers
of DE.Collection name: LIBRARY "PEDAGOGICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE" 5
Survival, CD4 T lymphocyte count recovery and immune reconstitution pattern during the first-line combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 infection in Mongolia.
No full textMongolia has a low incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with 281 cases reported at the end of 2019 and an estimated incidence rate of 50 cells/μL indicated CD4 T cell count recovery, and a cell count of ≥500 cells/μL in patients with a baseline cell count of 500 cells/μL in 95 of 145 (65.5%) patients with a baseline cell count of <500 cells/μL after 36 months of ART. The baseline CD4 T cell count was found to be a sensitive indicator for immune reconstitution. An advanced pretreatment clinical stage of HIV infection (as classified by the WHO classification), a low CD4 T cell count in the peripheral blood, and a high viral load before the initiation of the first-line ART accurately predicted survival, CD4 T cell count recovery, and immune reconstitution in Mongolian patients with HIV/AIDS
Correction: Survival, CD4 T lymphocyte count recovery and immune reconstitution pattern during the first-line combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 infection in Mongolia.
No full text[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247929.]
Elevated Ammonia Level as a Diagnostic Marker of Hepatic Encephalopathy
No full textObjectives: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common and prognostic complication of cirrhosis. It may reflect either a reversible metabolic encephalopathy, brain atrophy, edema or any combination of these conditions. The mechanisms causing brain dysfunction in liver failure are still unknown. Ammonia is the best-characterized neurotoxin that precipitates HE. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the role of ammonia in HE. Methods: A hospital-based prospective study on HE was carried out at the First Central Hospital of Mongolia and the Chingeltei-Uul District Hospital in 2011-2013. Patients with hepatic failure were subdivided into the three following groups: (1) patients without HE, (2) patients with grade l-ll HE, (3) patients with grade lll-IV HE. We took liver function tests, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and blood ammonia and correlated them with the severity of encephalopathy. The mean variables ±SD, p-values, and Pearson coefficients were calculated by SPSS 17.0. Results: The total sample size was 120 and the mean age was 36.8 ±15.4 years. Elevated ammonia level was observed in every stage of HE and increased by stage (p< 0.0001) MELD score and elevated ammonia level had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.54, p = 0.0001). In patients with any infection, the ammonia level was higher (p< 0.0001) than other groups. Conclusion: Ammonia is one of the diagnostic biomarkers of HE
Impact of HLA-A-B-DR Matching in Kidney Transplantation: Graft and Patient Survival During Five Years
No full textObjectives: A successful outcome of renal transplantation depends on various components, with one primary factor being donor and recipient ABO and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility. The primary aim of our investigation was to determine the impact of HLA-A-B-DR matching on overall and five-year graft and patient survival and to evaluate and improve kidney transplant outcomes. Methods: A total of 70 adult, immunologically low-risk, first-transplant recipients were enrolled in our retrospective study. HLA-A-B-DR typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. Results: HLA compatibility was carefully matched before transplantation resulting in 81.4% renal transplants with 0-3 HLA mismatches (MM). Overall graft and patient survivals were 52 (74.3%) and 60 (85.7%), respectively, in 70 cases. Five-year graft and patient survivals were 23 (67.6%) and 29 (85.3%), respectively, in 34 cases. A significantly higher rate of graft and patient overall survivals were revealed in the 0-1 MM group compared with those in the 2-3 MM and 4-6 MM groups (p = 0.030 and p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: A highly statistically significant correlation of HLA matching enhancing kidney graft and patient survival rates was determined in our analysis. Better HLA matching was associated with better graft and patient survival. Despite the current era of potent immunosuppressive therapy and improved patient management, the data continue support organ sharing based on HLA matching in kidney transplantation
Relationship of Human Personal Characteristics in the three Independent Stratification Systems
No full textObjectives: We aimed to analyze theassociation between the biophysiological characteristics of body constitution and temperament type with Mongolian Traditional Medicine (MTM) constitution type to understand further and integrate the application of these stratification systems in clinical medicine. Methods: Body constitution type was classified using the body-mass index, temperament type was determined using personality test, and dominant MTM constitution type was determined in 287 active blood donors. Age, gender, and ABO blood groups were considered as additional biophysiological characteristics. The correlation between the biophysiological characteristics and the nature of their relationship was investigated using likelihood ratio and receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results: Obesity and body-mass index were related to aging, and donor’s age and Badgan expression rate were shown as a sensitive and specific classifier for obesity state. The relationship between Badgan dominant types of human constitutions practiced in Mongolian Traditional Medicine and melancholic temperament was established. Badgan expression was a sensitive and specific classifier for melancholic and phlegmatic temperament. Conclusions: Stratification of human subjects using the primary types of human constitutions practiced in Mongolian Traditional Medicine may be helpful in clinical research and application
Result of Bortezomib Induction Therapy Prior to Stem Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Cases in Mongolia
No full textObjectives: For last 5 years, we have focused on establishing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in Mongolia. Herein, we report on three Mongolian multiple myeloma (MM) cases treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone (VD) prior to ASCT. Methods: The MM diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow aspiration, urine protein electrophoresis, and serum protein electrophoresis. Results: Circulating white blood cells appeared 8-10 days after ASCT. Platelet levels recovered 10 -15 days after ASCT. Conclusion: In our MM cases, the VD regimen prior to ASCT obtained good response rates without the impairment of stem cells
The Determination of Filaggrin Gene Single Nucleotides Polymorphisms in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis
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The Determination of Filaggrin Gene Single Nucleotides Polymorphisms in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis
No full textObjectives: The protein, filaggrin, is important in barrier function and epidermal differentiation facilitation. Filaggrin gene (FLG) mutations have been identified as the cause of ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), and certain mutations have been associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). We aimed to investigate genetic polymorphism of FLG in Mongolian AD patients. Methods: FLG mutations were determined using sequence analysis in 46 AD patients and 12 IV patients. Severity of AD was assessed using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Allergen specific IgE were determined from serum. Filaggrin expression in skin punch biopsy samples of AD patients was investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Several single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) (1150C>T, 1741A>T, 1791C>T, 2181C>G, 2191A>G, and 2263G>A) were demonstrated in AD patients using sequence analysis. Total IgE levels were significantly associated with age (p=0.03) and duration of disease (p=0.02). Presence of SNPs and mixed allergen specific IgE was significantly correlated (p=0.02); 2 SNPs were significantly associated with food allergen specific IgE levels (p=0.009). 2263G>A SNP was significantly correlated with food allergen specific IgE (p=0.003) and a history of atopic diseases (p=0.03). Conclusion: New mutations or genetic polymorphisms with ethnic characteristics may be detected among Mongolians
Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates in Mongolia
No full textAbstractBackground/purposeThe aim of this study was to determine the molecular characteristics of β-lactamase genes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Mongolia.MethodsFifty-six ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected, of which 46 were Escherichia coli, seven were Klebsiella pneumoniae, and three were K. oxytoca. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for selected antibiotics were tested using the agar dilution method, and the β-lactamase genes were determined using polymerase chain reaction combined with sequencing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for genotyping all isolates, and phylogenetic grouping was performed on ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Conjugation tests combined with plasmid digestion assays were used to determine whether there was a horizontal spread in Mongolia.ResultsAmong the 56 ESBL-producing isolates, 43 isolates (76.8%) were resistant to fluoroquinolones, but all isolates were susceptible to carbapenems and amikacin. The polymerase chain reaction sequencing results showed that the dominant CTX-M genotype was CTX-M-15 (19/46, 41.3%) in the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. By contrast, CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-3 were the major genotypes found in Klebsiella spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 21 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates belonged to group D (21/46, 45.6%), followed by group A (13/46, 28.3%), group B2 (11/46, 23.9%), and group B1 (1/46, 2.2%). Only four E. coli isolates (4/46, 8.7%) belonged to the ST131 clone. PFGE showed that the ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were genetically unrelated. The conjugation assay showed that two plasmids harboring CTX-M-15 in E. coli isolates were genetic unrelated, whereas seven plasmids harboring CTX-M-14 (5/7 and 2/7) and four plasmids harboring CTX-M-55 (4/4) showed genetic relatedness, indicating the dissemination of resistance plasmids in this area
