36 research outputs found
Depression Case Control (DeCC) Study fails to support involvement of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) gene in recurrent major depressive disorder
No full textIt has been suggested that alteration in the muscarinic-cholinergic system is involved in modulation of mood. Three studies have reported linkage on chromosome 7 with major depressive disorder (MDD) in or close to a region containing the muscarinic receptor CHRM2 gene. A haplotype of SNPs located in CHRM2 (rs1824024–rs2061174–rs324650) has been significantly associated with MDD in a previous study. We report the first study investigating this gene in a large, adequately powered, clinical depression case–control sample (n = 1420 cases, 1624 controls). Our data fail to support association with the CHRM2 polymorphisms previously implicated in the genetic aetiology of depression. It is possible our failure to replicate may be a consequence of differences in definition of the MDD phenotype and/or ethnic differences.Sarah Cohen-Woods, Daria Gaysina, Nick Craddock, Anne Farmer, Joanna Gray, Cerisse Gunasinghe, Farzana Hoda, Lisa Jones, Jo Knight, Ania Korszun, Michael J. Owen, Abram Sterne, Ian W. Craig and Peter McGuffi
The Bipolar Association case-control study (BACCS)and meta-analysis: no association with the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and bipolar disorder
No full textBipolar disorder (BD) is a complex genetic disease for which the underlying pathophysiology has yet to be fully explained. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a crucial enzyme in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and folate deficiency can be associated with psychiatric symptoms. A single base variant in MTHFR gene (C677T) results in the production of a mildly dysfunctional thermolabile enzyme and has recently been implicated in BD. We conducted an association study of this polymorphism in 897 patients with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder, and 1,687 healthy control subjects. We found no evidence for genotypic or allelic association in this sample. We also performed a meta-analysis of our own, and all published data, and report no evidence for association. Our findings suggest that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is not involved in the genetic etiology of clinically significant BD.Sarah Cohen-Woods, Ian Craig, Darya Gaysina, Joanna Gray, Cerisse Gunasinghe, Nick Craddock, Amanda Elkin, Lisa Jones, James Kennedy, Nicole King, Ania Korszun, Jo Knight, Michael Owen, Sagar Parikh, John Strauss, Abram Sterne, Federica Tozzi, Julia Perry, Pierandrea Muglia, John Vincent, Peter McGuffin and Anne Farme
Body weight as a predictor of antidepressant efficacy in the GENDEP project
No full textBackground: Being overweight or obese may be associated with poor response to antidepressants. The present report explores the moderation of antidepressant response by body weight to establish the specificity to antidepressant mode of action, type of depressive symptoms and gender. Methods: Height and weight were measured in 797 men and women with major depression treated with escitalopram or nortriptyline for twelve weeks as part of the Genome Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) project. Body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI > 30) were tested as predictors of change in depressive symptoms using mixed linear models. Results: Higher BMI and obesity predicted poor response to nortriptyline but did not significantly influence response to escitalopram. The moderation of response by body weight was due to differential improvement in neurovegetative symptoms, including sleep and appetite. The relationship between body weight and change in neurovegetative symptoms was moderated by gender with obese men responding less to nortriptyline and obese women having poorer response to both antidepressants. Limitations: As no placebo arm was included, the specificity of findings to antidepressants is relative. Lack of specific measures precluded accounting for differences in body fat distribution. Conclusions: Body weight should be considered in the assessment of depression as it may inform the selection of antidepressant treatment. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Young Muslim Pakistani Women’s Lived Experiences of Izzat, Mental Health and Well-being
Full text linkThis article explores how six Pakistani Muslim women interpret cultural concepts of izzat (honour and self-respect), what role, if any, it has in their lives and whether there is interplay between upholding izzat and the participants' help-seeking strategies for mental health and well-being. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analytic framework. Three themes were identified: 1) “The rules of izzat”, 2) “Negotiating tensions” and 3) “Speaking out/breaking the ‘rules’ ”. Findings highlighted new insights into the understanding of izzat and the implications these cultural concepts have for strategies in managing or silencing of psychological distress. Interviews illustrated tensions the participants experience when considering izzat; how these are negotiated to enable them to self-manage or seek help and possible life experiences that might lead to self-harm and attempted suicide. Notably, cultural codes, in particular izzat, appear to vary over the life course and are influenced by migration
Personality and the bipolar spectrum: normative and classification data for the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised
No full textBackground
Personality traits dispose individuals toward particular affective states and may therefore have an important role in the etiology of affective disorders in particular. Despite being one of the most widely used and well-researched personality instruments, few studies have studied bipolar spectrum disorders using the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) (Eysenck HJ, Eysenck SBG. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised. Sevenoaks: UK; Hodder & Stoughton, 1992).
Methods
The EPQ-R was administered to 50 bipolar patients, 50 unipolar patients, and 50 controls matched on age and sex. Participants in clinical groups were euthymic, and participants in the control groups were screened for symptoms of depression.
Results
The EPQ-R scores were most effective at discriminating unipolar patients from controls, such that unipolar patients were higher on neuroticism and lower on extraversion. Bipolar patients showed a similar personality profile to, but were not clearly distinguished from, unipolar patients.
Conclusions
This research provides preliminary normative data for the EPQ-R that complement previous theoretical and empirical work in this area and suggests the usefulness of this tool in a clinical setting
A voxel‐based morphometry comparison of the 3.0T ADNI‐1 and ADNI‐2 volumetric MRI protocols
Full text linkObjectivesThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3.0T MRI image acquisition scheme changed between the original ADNI-1 grant and the two subsequent grants (ADNI-GO and ADNI-2). The aim of the current study was to investigate the compatibility of the 3.0T ADNI-1 and ADNI-2 T1-weighted volumes using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).MethodsT1-weighted images of 30 subjects were acquired using a 3T GE Signa HDx using the ADNI-1 and ADNI-2 T1-weighted volume sequences. Images were pre-processed and analysed using SPM8. Global grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes were compared, as well as voxel-by-voxel differences in GM and WM.ResultsCorrelation coefficients and percentage differences for each tissue type between ADNI-1 and ADNI-2 were as follows: ((GM: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.86, ADNI-1 3.09% < ADNI-2) (WM: ICC = 0.91, ADNI-1 2.92% > ADNI-2) (CSF: ICC = 0.90, ADNI-1 1.94% > ADNI-2)). For ADNI-2, widespread increases in GM were found relative to ADNI-1 (cerebellum and pre-central gyrus), with localised decreases along the midline and temporal lobes. For ADNI-1, widespread increases in WM were found relative to ADNI-2 (cerebellum and pre-central gyrus), together with localised decreases in the temporal gyrus.ConclusionsThe widespread increase in GM and localised decrease in WM in ADNI-2 compared to ADNI-1 images suggests that the image acquisition protocols are not directly comparable using SPM-8. Total volumes of GM, WM and CSF also differed between the protocols in the following order of magnitude: GM > WM > CSF. This has implications for studies aiming to analyse images acquired using the ADNI-1 and ADNI-2 protocols under VBM
Social welfare advice and health among young people: a scoping review
Full text linkSocial determinants of mental and physical health that influence young peoples’ trajectories into adulthood are often remediable through law. To address inequalities, including those exacerbated since the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to better understand young people’s need for and uptake of advice for social welfare legal problems. This scoping review aimed to review available evidence and identify gaps to inform further research. To identify studies relevant to social welfare legal advice among young adults we conducted searches of eight bibliographic databases (compiled between January 1998 and June 2020), hand searches of included article reference lists and targeted grey literature searches. 35 peer reviewed and grey literature studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria including evaluations of interventions to promote access to advice, general population surveys, observational studies, and audits of charity data or targeted surveys. Evidence suggests considerable and inequitable need for social welfare legal advice among young adults with adverse consequences for health and wellbeing. Needs among higher risk groups are likely underestimated. Evidence for interventions to enhance access/uptake of advice is limited and methodologically weak. We identify several gaps in the literature to inform research and to enable systematic reviews around more specific questions to inform practice
P4‐106: A VOXEL‐WISE MORPHOMETRY COMPARISON OF THE ADNI 1.5T AND ADNI 3.0T VOLUMETRIC MRI PROTOCOLS
No full textP3–084: A voxel‐based morphometry comparison of the 3.0T ADNI‐1 and ADNI‐2 MPRAGE protocols
No full textUnderstanding the experiences of young adults during and post-lockdown using HeadSmart: A focus on wellbeing, behaviours and attitudes
No full textIn the UK, a nationwide lockdown was announced on 23 March 2020 in response to the coronavirus pandemic. The lockdown initially lasted for three weeks but has since been extended. This has raised many questions as to how people cope with extended periods of lockdown, as quarantine has been reported to have various negative effects on wellbeing. Indeed, a recent priority paper highlighted the need for studies which collect high-quality data on the mental health effects of the pandemic and its consequences. This study seeks to explore the health and wellbeing of young adults in the UK
