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Hindistan ve Pakistan'da demokratikleşmenin yörüngesi
No full textLisansüstü Programlar Enstitüsü, Uluslararası İlişkiler Ana Bilim Dalı, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bilim DalıHindistan ve Pakistan'da demokratikleşmenin yörüngesi, Ağustos 1947'de İngiliz sömürge yönetiminden bağımsızlığını kazandıktan sonra her iki ülkenin demokratikleşme yolunda farklı yollar benimsemesinin ardındaki nedenleri araştıran karşılaştırmalı bir çalışmadır. Hindistan'daki demokrasi, daha işlevli bir çok partili sistem geliştirmeyi başardı. Ancak askeri yönetim dönemlerinde demokrasinin gerileme yaşadığı Pakistan'da durum pek de öyle görünmüyor. Bu çalışma, Samuel P. Huntington'ın, sivil yönetim ile ordu arasında net bir ayrıma işaret eden objektif sivil yönetim teorisini test ediyor ve de analiz ediyor. Çalışma Hindistan ve Pakistan'da demokratikleşme sürecini harekete geçiren veya sarsan hareketleri, olayları, toplumsal sınıfları ve etnik kökenleri kapsıyor. Demokratikleşme ve sıkıyönetim yapılarını ortaya çıkarmak için her iki ülkenin tarihini bütünüyle araştırıyor. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda Pakistan'da sivil temsilcilere uygulanan muameleyi, suçları siyasi liderlerden daha ciddi olsa bile sıkıyönetim diktatörlerine sağlanan güvenli geçişle eşit ve bütüncül bir şekilde incelemektedir. Çalışma, görüşmeler ve diğer ikincil materyaller yoluyla toplanan verileri yorumlamak için nitel teknikler kullanmaktadır. Çalışma, Hindistan ve Pakistan'ın siyasi sistemi arasındaki yapısal farklılığın, iki ülke arasındaki demokratikleşme yollarındaki sapmanın ana nedeni olduğu sonucuna varmakta ve Huntington'ın, askeri görevlilerin bir devlet adamının siyasi rehberliğini takip edebilmeleri için kendilerini siyasi açıdan tarafsız tutmaları gerektiği yönündeki teorisini doğruluyor. Ayrıca Hindistan'ın halihazırda Narendra Modi liderliğinde demokraside bir gerileme yaşadığı da öğrenilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İngiliz Sömürge Yönetimi; Bağımsızlık; Demokrasi; Sıkıyönetim; Seçimler.The trajectory of democratization in India and Pakistan is a comparative study which investigates the reasons behind the adoption of divergent paths by both the countries on their route to democratization, after gaining independence from the British colonial rule in August 1947. The democracy in India managed to develop a more functioning multiparty system. However, this does not seem to be the case in Pakistan, where democracy has experienced setbacks during periods of military rule. This study tests and analyzes the theory of objective civilian rule by Samuel P. Huntington, which marks a clear distinction between civilian rule and military. The study encompasses the movements, events, incidents, social classes and ethnicities that moved or shook the democratization process in India and Pakistan. It explores the history of both the countries in its entirety in order to find out the patterns of democratization and martial laws. This study also examines the treatment meted out to civilian representatives in Pakistan in stark contrast to the safe passage provided to martial law dictators even if their crimes were more serious than the political leaders. The study utilizes qualitative techniques of interpreting the data collected through interviews and other secondary material. The study concludes that the structural difference between the political system of India and Pakistan is the major cause of deviation in the paths of democratization between the two countries, and it verifies Huntington's theory that the military officers need to keep themselves politically neutral in order to follow a statesman's political guidance. It is also learnt that India is currently experiencing a decline in democracy under the leadership of Narendra Modi. Keywords: British Colonial Rule;Independence; Democracy; Martial Law; Elections
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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