1,721,072 research outputs found
Trust: A Concept Too Many
Full text linkResearch on "trust" now forms a prominent part of the research agenda in history and the social sciences. Although this research has generated useful insights, the idea of trust has been used so widely and loosely that it risks creating more confusion than clarity. This essay argues that to the extent that scholars have a clear idea of what trust actually means, the concept is, at least for economic questions, superfluous: the useful parts of the idea of trust are implicit in older notions of information and the ability to impose sanctions. I trust you in a transaction because of what I know about you, and because of what I can have done to you should you cheat me. This observation does not obviate what many scholars intend, which is to embed economic action within a framework that recognizes informal institutions and social ties. I illustrate the argument using three examples drawn from an area where trust has been seen as critical: credit for poor people.Trust, Social Capital, Credit Cooperatives, Uniform Laws
Social Class and the Fertility Transition: A Critical Comment on the Statistical Results Reported in Simon Szreter's Fertility, Class and Gender in Britain, 1860-1940
Full text linkSimon Szreter’s book Fertility, Class, and Gender in Britain, 1860-1940 argues that social and economic class fails to explain the cross-sectional differences in marital fertility as reported in the 1911 census of England and Wales. Szreter’s conclusion made the book immediately influential, and it remains so. This finding matters a great deal for debates about the causes of the European fertility decline of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. For decades scholars have argued whether the main forces at work were ideational or social and economic. This note reports a simple re-analysis of Szreter’s own data, which suggests that social class does explain cross-sectional differences in English marital fertility in 1911.fertility transition, 1911 Census of England and Wales
The demography of Famines : Perspectives from the past and the present
No full textSymposium organized by Cormac O'Gráda, from 25 - 31 Мау 1999 Participants ADAMETS Serge (Institut National d'études Démographiques (INED), Paris), CANTRELLE Pierre (Comité français pour l'UNICEF), DYSON Tim (London School of Economics (LSE), GARENNE Michel (Centre Français sur la population et le développement (CEPED), Paris), du GUERNY Jacques (Food & Agricultural Organization, Rome), GUINNANE Timothy W. (Economic Growth Center, Yale University, New Haven), HIONIDOU Violetta (University of S..
The fertility of the Irish in the United States in 1910
Full text linkIn most western societies, marital fertility began to decline in the nineteenth century. But in Ireland, fertility in marriage remained stubbornly high into the twentieth century. Explanations of this focus on the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in Irish society. These arguments are often backed up by claims that the Irish outside of Ireland behaved the same way. This paper investigates these claims by examining the marital fertility of Irish Americans in 1900 and 1910. We find that Irish fertility patterns did not survive the Atlantic crossing. The Irish in America had smaller families than couples in both rural and urban Ireland. But Irish immigrants still had large families relative to the native-born population in the U.S. This higher marital fertility of Irish immigrants cannot be attributed to differences in other population characteristics. Conditional on observable characteristics, Irish immigrants had larger families.2014-09-18 JG: Record reinstated from backup after damaged text_valu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cooperatives as Information Machines: The Lending Practices of German Agricultural Credit Cooperatives, 1883-1914
Full text linkThe Nearest Place That Wasn’t Ireland: Early Nineteenth-Century Irish Labor Migration. By Ruth-Ann M. Harris. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1994. Pp. xvii, 281.
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