1,048 research outputs found
The open method of coordination – effectively preventing welfare state retrenchment?
No full textThis article re-examines the division between "optimists" and "pessimists" within the literature on the Open Method of Coordination’s (OMC) effectiveness. Each of those "camps" tends to focus on a different question. "Optimists" are more concerned with the question of whether the OMC exerts an influence on the national level and through which mechanisms, whilst "pessimists" concentrate on the question of whether the OMC can "strengthen" EU social policy and therefore European welfare states. This article combines these two perspectives and argues that the OMC is indeed capable of influencing national policies through the dissemination of ideas and "learning" as the "optimists" stress. However, policy "learning" at the member state level is shaped and constrained by a variety of internal and external pressures. Against the hopes of most of the OMC "optimists", this makes the OMC largely ineffective in preventing welfare state retrenchme
How legitimate is the open method of coordination?
Get PDFThis article argues that the OMC's legitimacy can be improved only by strengthening parliamentary channels of input-legitimacy since output-legitimacy alone is inappropriate and cannot be achieved without input-legitimacy. In addition, concepts and practices of direct 'stakeholder' participation currently applied within the OMC are insufficient in strengthening input-legitimacy
Contributions to the representation of reference architectures of embedded systems
No full textArquiteturas de referência são construídas por combinarem as melhores praticas, padrões, plataformas e componentes para a construção e padronização de sistemas de software de um determinado domínio. De fato, diversas arquiteturas de referência podem ser encontradas para o domínio de sistemas embarcados, motivadas principalmente pela importância e complexidade crescentes que esses sistemas de software vêm apresentando. Dentre as atividades para elaboração de uma arquitetura de referência, a descrição apropriada dessa arquitetura é essencial para permitir que ela seja de fato utilizada. Contudo, não há na literatura um consenso sobre qual a melhor maneira de descrever arquiteturas de referência do domínio de sistemas embarcados, os tipos de informação que devem ser capturados ou ainda o conjunto de pontos de vista que pode ser construído. Visando sistematizar e padronizar a representação de arquiteturas de referência de sistemas embarcados, este trabalho propõe o método ProSA-Re. O método baseia-se nos resultados de uma revisão sistemática conduzida sobre o assunto e estabelece um conjunto de atividades e diretrizes para a construção da representação de arquiteturas de referência de sistemas embarcados. O método também esclarece o ciclo de vida de arquiteturas de referência, de modo a auxiliar na manutenção e na evolução das representações construídas com o seu apoio. Para ilustrar o ProSA-Re, uma representação da arquitetura de referência de sistemas multiagentes locais foi elaborada. Em seguida, a realização de uma avaliação com especialistas da área de arquitetura de software e um estudo de caso com usuários dessa representação permitiram a identicação de vantagens e limitações desse método. Espera-se que os resultados alcancados nesta dissertação possam contribuir para o reúso do conhecimento arquitetural e o desenvolvimento mais eficiente de sistemas de software do domínio de sistemas embarcadosReference architectures combine the best practices, standards, platforms, and components to standardize software systems of a given domain. In this sense, reference architectures can be found for embedded systems, motivated by the increasing importance and complexity that these systems must cope with. In particular, the representation of the reference architecture is an essential activity for it to be used in practice. However, there is no consensus in the literature on what is the best way to describe reference architectures of embedded systems, including what types of information should be captured in those descriptions and also the set of viewpoints that could be adopted. Thus, this work establishes ProSA-Re, a method for systematizing and standardizing the representation of reference architectures of embedded systems. ProSA-Re considers the results of a systematic review on this subject and species a set of viewpoints, concerns, tasks, and guidelines to describe reference architectures of embedded systems. ProSA-Re also supports the reference architectures\' life cycle by clarifying the evolution of architectural descriptions built with it. To illustrate the method, a representation for the reference architecture of situated multiagent systems was built. Then, a case study was conducted to evaluate the resulting representation and specialists were consulted to evaluate the method description. We hope with this method to further improve the reuse of architectural knowledge, thus contributing for the development of software systems in this domai
Diario veneziano e altri racconti: la rubrica di Milena Milani sul quotidiano La Stampa. Con un affondo sul Premio Strega
Get PDFThis essay offers a thematic reading of some short stories appeared in the
column that Milena Milani held in the daily newspaper La Stampa (Stampa Sera) from
1950 to 1964. In her texts, Venice is one of the cities of her youth, where to discover the
everyday but also herself as a writer, a profession that will identify her spirit in life. My
research also aims to highlight a brief catalogue of Milani’s short stories between the
forties and the sixties that could be read in her books and in newspapers and magazines
of that period. In the end, I also offer a list of her books in Italian Archives and author
Funds connected to the Premio Strega: she wanted to participate to the prize in 1947
and then succeeded in 1954 and in 1964.This essay offers a thematic reading of some short stories appeared in the
column that Milena Milani held in the daily newspaper La Stampa (Stampa Sera) from 1950 to 1964. In her texts, Venice is one of the cities of her youth, where to discover the everyday but also herself as a writer, a profession that will identify her spirit in life. My research also aims to highlight a brief catalogue of Milani’s short stories between the 40s and the 60s that could be read in her books and in newspapers and magazines of that period. In the end, I also offer a list of her books in Italian Archives and author Funds connected to the Premio Strega: she wanted to participate to the prize in 1947 and then succeeded in 1954 and in 1964
Observatorio de bibliometría y cienciometría USTA. Ficha bibliométrica. Autor: Janneth Milena Pacheco Baquero
No full textInforme de las métricas de autor de la Dra. Janneth Milena Pacheco Baquero de las
publicaciones indexadas en Google Académico cuyo objetivo es entregar un insumo
para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades y potencialidades de los autores de la
Universidad Santo Tomás en el posicionamiento y visibilidad de sus publicaciones.Report of the author metrics of Janneth Milena Pacheco Baquero of the publications
indexed in Google Scholar whose objective is to provide an input for the
strengthening of the capacities and potentialities of the authors of the Santo Tomás
University in the positioning and visibility of their publications.http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.c
Milena Jesenská and her work for Lidové noviny and Přítomnost
No full textThe thesis deals with the journalistic works of Milena Jesenská not only in Lidové noviny but also in the magazine Přítomnost in 1929 - 1930, resp. in 1937 - 1939. In her works we can find a number of repetitive topics. Most of them have in large part roots in her life. Her literaty output is permanently penetrated by her permanent need to help her surroundings and to protect her weaker residents, which is according to author's biographers for Milena Jesenská sheer crucial. The author stood in the years 1929 - 1930 as the head of women's section of Lidové noviny and was trying very hardly to fight for the change of the form of this section in the print at that time. Another significant topic was the issue of a modern woman and her role in the society at that time. The thesis deals also with the resonance of social relations and historic events in the examined texts. Politically tuned reflections or reports and reportage by Milena Jesenská in the magazine Přítomnost bring an authentic perspective to the atmosphere in the Czechoslovak society at that time
Milena Marković's plays Пьесы Милены Маркович
No full textСажетак: Предмет истраживања је драмски опус Милене Марковић. Дисертацијом је обухваћен целокупан досадашњи драмски корпус Милене Марковић, укупно десет објављених драма (од Павиљони до Ливада пуна таме). Поред драмских дела, анализом је обухваћен и поетски опус ауторке у оном смислу у којем кореспондира (тематски и идејно) са наведеним драмама. Такође, успостављене су и везе са текстовима који се налазе у подтексту драме Наход Симеон, уз осврт на митске и архетипске одреднице присутне у свим драмама. Научно истраживање се фокусира на структуралне, али и на тематске одлике драмског опуса Милене Марковић, те се бави како драмским елементима читаним и постављеним у постдрамском кључу, тако и проблемским питањима која извиру из драмских текстова. Проучавања су вршена и са освртом на социологију уметности, на филозофске проблеме питања зла и слободе, те међуљудских односа, питања моћи, идентитета, потом на теорију рода и места трагичког, односно комичког дискурса у постмодерном свету. Циљ истраживања је био да се проникне у драматуршку поетику Милене Марковић, са резултатом у виду прве монографије о драмском делу ауторке. У тематским и проблемским оквирима драмских текстова, препознати су простори универзалних, архетипских, симболичких и семантичких вредности, преко којих се може претендовати достизање целине људског искуства, његове репрезентативности која се очитује у активирању универзалних митских значења и општељудских вредности. Истраживање је донело један свеукупни приказ драматуршких особености дела Милене Марковић, као и приказ статуса њеног дела у оквиру историје српског драмског стваралаштва. Приликом истраживања служили смо се различитим методама, херменеутичком, биографском (нови позитивизам), социолошком, затим текстолошком, компаративном, структуролошком.Abstract: The subject of the research is Milena Marković's dramatic oeuvre. The dissertation covers the 10 dramas published by Milena Marković to date (from Paviljoni to Livada puna tame). In addition to her dramas, the analysis covers the poetic works of the author in the sense in which it corresponds (thematically and conceptually) with her dramas. Furthermore, a relation was established with the texts found in the subtext of the play Nahod Simeon, with reference to the mythical and archetypal determinants present in all plays. Scientific research focuses on the structural, as well as on the thematic features of Milena Marković's dramatic oeuvre, and deals with both dramatic elements read and set in a post-dramatic key, as well as problematic issues arising from dramatic texts. The research was also carried out with reference to the sociology of art, to the philosophical problems of evil and freedom, interpersonal relations, issues of power, identity, then to gender theory and the place of tragic and comic discourse in the postmodern world. The goal of the research was to delve into Milena Marković's dramatic poetics, with the result being the first monograph on the author's dramatic work. Universal, archetypal, symbolic and semantic values are recognized in the thematic and problematic frameworks of dramatic texts, through which one can aspire to reach the entirety of human experience, its representativeness, which is manifested in the activation of universal mythical meanings and universal human values. The research compiled a comprehensive presentation of the dramaturgical peculiarities of the work of Milena Marković, as well as a presentation of the status of her work within the history of Serbian drama. Different methods were used during this research – hermeneutic, biographical (new positivism), sociological, textological, comparative, and structural
«Parole soltanto/ vorrei»: Milena Milani traduttrice
No full textThe essay investigates the meaning of translation in the work of the Italian writer and visual artist Milena Milani (1917-2013), who translated from French into Italian between 1944 and 1964. It was a period of intense cultural activity for the author, who was the partner of the gallery owner Carlo Cardazzo, founder of the Cavallino publishing house. The essay focuses on the relationship between the author’s translations and her artistic production, highlighting how the former influenced the latter, especially in relation to the translations of Georges Gabory's work. In particular, the article focuses on the translations of works by Wassily Kandinsky and Joan Mirò, which are particularly significant both for the author’s artistic and biographical experience
Synthèse d’architectures logicielles pour systèmes-de-systèmes : une méthode automatisée par résolution de contraintes
No full textSystems-of-Systems (SoS) encompass diverse and independent systems that must cooperate with each other for performing a combined action that is greater than their individual capabilities. In parallel, architecture descriptions, which are the main artifact expressing software architectures, play an important role in fostering interoperability among constituents by facilitating the communication among stakeholders and supporting the inspection and analysis of the SoS from an early stage of its life cycle. The main problem addressed in this thesis is the lack of adequate architectural descriptions for SoS that are often built without an adequate care to their software architecture. Since constituent systems are, in general, not known at design-time due to the evolving nature of SoS, the architecture description must specify at design-time which coalitions among constituent systems are feasible at run-time. Moreover, as many SoS are being developed for safety-critical domains, additional measures must be placed to ensure the correctness and completeness of architecture descriptions. To address this problem, this doctoral project employs SoSADL, a formal language tailored for the description of SoS that enables one to express software architectures as dynamic associations between independent constituent systems whose interactions are mediated for accomplishing a combined action. To synthesize concrete architectures that adhere to one such description, this thesis develops a formal method, named Ark, that systematizes the steps for producing such artifacts. The method creates an intermediate formal model, named TASoS, which expresses the SoS architecture in terms of a constraint satisfaction problem that can be automatically analyzed for an initial set of properties. The feedback obtained in this analysis can be used for subsequent refinements or revisions of the architecture description. A software tool named SoSy was also developed to support the Ark method as it automates the generation of intermediate models and concrete architectures, thus concealing the use of constraint solvers during SoS design and development. The method and its accompanying tool were applied to model a SoS for urban river monitoring in which the feasibility of candidate abstract architectures is investigated. By formalizing and automating the required steps for SoS architectural synthesis, Ark contributes for adopting formal methods in the design of SoS architectures, which is a necessary step for obtaining higher reliability levels.Les systèmes-de-systèmes (Systems-of-Systems, SoS) interconnectent plusieurs systèmes indépendants qui travaillent ensemble pour exécuter une action conjointe dépassant leurs compétences individuelles. Par ailleurs, les descriptions architecturales sont des artefacts qui décrivent des architectures logicielles jouant dans le contexte SoS un rôle important dans la promotion de l’interaction des éléments constituants tout en favorisant la communication parmi les intéressés et en soutenant les activités d’inspection et d’analyse dès le début de leur cycle de vie. Le principal problème traité dans cette thèse est le manque de descriptions architecturales adéquates pour les SoS qui sont développés sans l’attention nécessaire à leur architecture logicielle. Puisque les systèmes constituants ne sont pas forcément connus pendant la conception du projet à cause du développement évolutionnaire des SoS, la description architecturale doit définir à la conception même du projet quelles coalitions entre les systèmes constituants seront possibles pendant son exécution. En outre, comme plusieurs de ces systèmes sont développés pour le domaine critique de sécurité, des mesures supplémentaires doivent être mises en place pour garantir l’exactitude et la complétude de la description architecturale. Afin de résoudre ce problème, nous nous servons du SosADL, un langage formel créé spécialement pour le domaine SoS et qui permet de décrire les architectures logicielles comme des associations dynamiques entre systèmes indépendants où les interactions doivent être coordonnées pour réaliser une action combinée. Notamment, une nouvelle méthode formelle, nommée Ark, est proposée pour systématiser les étapes nécessaires dans la synthèse d’architectures concrètes obéissant à cette description. Dans ce dessein, cette méthode crée un modèle formel intermédiaire, nommé TASoS, qui décrit l’architecture du SoS en tant que problème de satisfaisabilité de restrictions, rendant ainsi possible la vérification automatique d’un ensemble initial de propriétés. Le résultat obtenu par cette analyse peut s’utiliser en raffinements et révisions ultérieurs de la description architecturale. Un outil logiciel nommé SoSy a été aussi développé pour automatiser la génération de modèles intermédiaires et d’architectures concrètes, en cachant l’utilisation de solveurs de contraintes dans le projet de SoS. Particulièrement, cet outil intègre un environnement de développement plus important et complet pour le projet de SoS. Cette méthode et son outil ont été appliqués dans un modèle de SoS de surveillance de rivières urbaines où la faisabilité d’architectures abstraites a été étudiée. En formalisant et en automatisant les étapes requises pour la synthèse architecturale de SoS, Ark contribue à l’adoption de méthodes formelles dans le projet d’architectures SoS, ce qui est nécessaire pour atteindre des niveaux plus élevés de fiabilité
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