1,720,963 research outputs found
A Simulator Using Classifier Systems With Neural Networks For Autonomous Robot Navigation
No full textThis paper presents a simulator that was developed to assist in the process of implementing high-level autonomous robot navigation algorithms and in the related experimentations. Classifier systems are designed here, using neural networks as classifiers, to perform autonomous navigation. We propose a powerful simulator using classes and objects to be easily updated and extended. The simulator carries a class composed of methods for differential wheels steering, for detecting collision, and for sensor readings. Another class allows the specification of geometric shaped objects, which can also be detected as obstacles in the environment. In addition, operators are available to deal with credit assignment, genetic algorithms, and inference of the classifiers. By designing and constructing the simulator, we create conditions to explore the potentialities of neural networks as classifiers.1501506Ackley, D., Littman, M., Interactions between learning and evolution (1991) Artificial Life II, 10. , SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexityedited by C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer, & S. Rasmussen, Addison-WesleyBooker, L.B., Goldberg, D.E., Holland, J.H., Classifier systems and genetic algorithms (1989) Artificial Intelligence, 40, pp. 235-282Goldberg, D.E., (1989) Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, , Addison-WesleyHolland, J.H., (1975) Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, , University of Michigan Press, An Arbor, MIHormik, K., Stinchcombe, M., White, H., Multi-layer feedforward networks are universal approximators (1989) Neural Networks, 2 (5), pp. 359-366Moussi, L.N., Gudwin, R.R., Von Zuben, F.J., Madrid, M.K., Neural networks in classifier systems (NNCS): An application to autonomous navigation (2001) Advances in Signal Processing Robotics and Communications, pp. 256-262. , In V.V. Kluev & N.E. Mastorakis (eds.)Electrical and Computer Engineering Series, WSES PressRamsey, C.L., Schultz, A.C., Grefenstette, J.J., Simulation-assisted learning by competition: Effects of noise differences between training model and target environment (1990) Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning, Austin, TX, pp. 211-215. , Morgan KaufmannRichards, R.A., Zeroth-order shape optimization utilizing a learning classifier system (1995), http://www.stanford.edu/buc/SPHINcsX/book.html, Ph.D. Thesis, Mechanical Eng. Dept., Stanford UniversitySchultz, A.C., Grefenstette, J.J., Using a genetic algorithm to learn behaviors for autonomous vehicles Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, Hilton Head, SC, August 10-12, 1992, , Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Navy Research Laboratory, Washington, DCWebots Release 3.0.1, , www.cyberbotics.com, (for evaluation purpose only), from Cyberbotics Lt
A review of motivational systems and emotions in cognitive architectures and systems
No full textMotivational Systems are specific modules of Cognitive Architectures, responsible for determining the behavior of artificial agents based on cognitive models of human motivations and emotions. In this work we discuss how these ideas coming from psychology can be used in the field of cognitive architectures, explaining how motivational systems differ from other kinds of systems, and how they can be used to build control systems for artificial agents.118666584FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2013/07559-
A Cognitive Neuroscience-inspired Codelet-based Cognitive Architecture For The Control Of Artificial Creatures With Incremental Levels Of Machine Consciousness
No full textThe advantages given by machine consciousness to the control of software agents were reported to be very appealing. The main goal of this work is to develop artificial creatures, controlled by cognitive architectures, with different levels of machine consciousness. To fulfil this goal, we propose the application of cognitive neuroscience concepts to incrementally develop a cognitive architecture following the evolutionary steps taken by the animal brain. The triune brain theory proposed by MacLean and also Arrabale's ConsScale will serve as roadmaps to achieve each developmental stage, while iCub - a humanoid robot and its simulator - will serve as a platform for the experiments. A completely codelet-based system "Core" has been implemented, serving the whole architecture.4350Anderson, J.R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M.D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C., Qin, Y., An integrated theory of the mind (2004) Psychological Review, 111 (4), pp. 1036-1060. , DOI 10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.1036Arrabales, R., Ledezma, A., Sanchis, A., A Cognitive approach to multimodal attention (2009) Journal of Physical Agents, 3 (1), pp. 53-63Arrabales, R., Ledezma, A., Sanchis, A., Assessing and characterizing the cognitive power of machine consciousness implementations (2009) AAAI Fall Symposium Series, , 2009Arrabales, R., Ledezma, A., Sanchis, A., Towards conscious-like behavior in computer game characters (2009) Computational Intelligence and Games, 2009, CIG 2009, pp. 217-224. , IEEE Symposium on, IEEEArrabales, R., Ledezma, A., Sanchis, A., ConsScale, A pragmatic scale for measuring the level of consciousness in artificial agents (2010) Journal of Consciousness Studies, 17 (3-4), pp. 131-164. , (34)Arrabales, R., Ledezma, A., Sanchis, A., The cognitive development of machine consciousness implementations (2010) International Journal of Machine Consciousness, 2 (2), p. 213Baars, B.J., (1988) A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness, , Cambridge Univ PressBaars, B.J., Theatre of consciousness, global work space theory, a rigorous scientific theory of consciousness (1996) Journal of Consciousness Studies, 4 (1), pp. 292-309Baars, B.J., Franklin, S., How conscious experience and working memory interact (2003) Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7 (4), pp. 166-172. , DOI 10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00056-1Baars, B.J., Franklin, S., Consciousness is computational: The lida model of global workspace theory (2009) International Journal of Machine Consciousness, 1, p. 23. , (2009Baars, B.J., Gage, N.M., (2010) Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness: Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience, , Academic PressBaddeley, A., Working memory and language: An overview (2003) Journal of Communication Disorders, 36 (3), pp. 189-208. , DOI 10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00019-4Brooks, R.A., Intelligence without representation (1991) Artificial Intelligence, 47, pp. 139-159. , (1-31-3)Dennett, D.C., (1991) Conciousness Explained, , Back Bay BooksD'Mello, S.K., Franklin, S., Ramamurthy, U., Baars, B.J., A cognitive science based machine learning architecture (2006) AAAI 2006 Spring Symposium Series Sponsor: American Association for Artificial Intelligence, , Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USADoerner, K., Gutjahr, W.J., Hartl, R.F., Strauss, C., Stummer, C., Pareto ant colony optimization: A metaheuristic approach to multiobjective portfolio selection (2004) Annals of Operations Research, 131 (1-4), pp. 79-99. , DOI 10.1023/B:ANOR.0000039513.99038.c6, Meta-Heuristics - Theory, Applications and SoftwareEdelman, D.B., Baars, B.J., Seth, A.K., Identifying hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species (2005) Consciousness and Cognition, 14 (1), pp. 169-187. , DOI 10.1016/j.concog.2004.09.001, Neurobiology of Animal ConsciousnessEdelman, G.M., (2004) Wider than the Sky: The Phenomenal Gift of Consciousness, , Yale Univ PrFranklin, S., (1997) Artificial Minds, , The MIT PressFranklin, S., Baars, B.J., Ramamurthy, U., Ventura, M., The role of consciousness in memory (2005) Brains, Minds and Media, 1 (1), p. 38Franklin, S., Graesser, A., Is it an agent, or just a program? : A taxonomy for autonomous agents (1997) Intelligent Agents III Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages, pp. 21-35Fuster, J.M., (2008) The Prefrontal Cortex, , Academic PressGoleman, D., (2006) Emotional Intelligence, , Bantam Dell Pub GroupHaikonen, P.O., (2007) Robot Brains: Circuits and Systems for Conscious Machines, , Wiley-InterscienceHaykin, S., (1999) Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation, , Prentice Hall, 2 ed. ednHofstadter, D.R., Mitchell, M., The copycat project: A model of mental fluidity and analogy-making (1994) Advances in Connectionist and Neural Computation Theory, 2, pp. 31-112. , In Holyoak, K.J & Barnden, J.A. (Eds)Holland, J.H., (1992) Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, , Cambridge, MA: MIT PressLaird, J.E., Extending the soar cognitive architecture (2008) Proceeding of the 2008 Conference on Artificial General Intelligence 2008: Proceedings of the First AGI Conference, pp. 224-235. , Amsterdam: IOS PressLangley, P., Laird, J.E., Rogers, S., Cognitive architectures: Research issues and challenges (2009) Cognitive Systems Research, 10 (2), pp. 141-160Maclean, P.D., Brain evolution relating to family, play, and the separation call (1985) Archives of General Psychiatry, 42 (4), p. 405Maclean, P.D., (1990) The Triune Brain in Evolution: Role in Paleocerebral Functions, , NY: SpringerMetta, G., Sandini, G., Vernon, D., Natale, L., Nori, F., The iCub humanoid robot: An open platform for research in embodied cognition (2008) Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems, pp. 50-56. , ACMNegatu, A.S., Franklin, S., An action selection mechanism for conscious software agents 1 (2000) Cognitive Science Quarterly, pp. 1-21Rodriguez, F., Galvan, F., Ramos, F., Castellanos, E., Garcia, G., Covarrubias, P., A cognitive architecture based on neuroscience for the control of virtual 3D human creatures (2010) Brain Informatics: International Conference, (BI-2010), p. 328Silva, R.C.M., Gudwin, R.R., An introductory experiment with a conscious-based autonomous vehicle (2010) Proceedings of ROBOCONTROL 2010 - IV Workshop in Applied Robotics and Automation, pp. 1-9Suman, B., Kumar, P., A survey of simulated annealing as a tool for single and multiobjective optimization (2005) Journal of Oper Res Soc, 57, pp. 1143-1160Sun, R., The importance of cognitive architectures: An analysis based on CLARION (2007) Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 19 (2), pp. 159-193. , DOI 10.1080/09528130701191560, PII 780395031Tononi, G., Consciousness as integrated information: A provisional manifesto (2008) The Biological Bulletin, 215 (3), pp. 216-242Vernon, D., Metta, G., Sandini, G., The iCub cognitive architecture: Interactive development in a humanoid robot (2007) 2007 IEEE 6th International Conference on Development and Learning, pp. 122-12
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Towards Improving Clustering Ants: An Adaptive Ant Clustering Algorithm
No full textAmong the many bio-inspired techniques, ant-based clustering algorithms have received special attention from the community over the past few years for two main reasons. First, they are particularly suitable to perform exploratory data analysis and, second, they still require much investigation to improve performance, stability, convergence, and other key features that would make such algorithms mature tools for diverse applications. Under this perspective, this paper proposes both a progressive vision scheme and pheromone heuristics for the standard ant-clustering algorithm, together with a cooling schedule that improves its convergence properties. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in a number of well-known benchmark data sets, as well as in a real-world bio informatics dataset. The achieved results are compared to those obtained by the standard ant clustering algorithm, showing that significant improvements are obtained by means of the proposed modifications. As an additional contribution, this work also provides a brief review of ant-based clustering algorithms.292143154Abraham, A., Ramos, V., Web usage mining using artificial ant colony clustering and genetic programming (2003) Proc. of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2003), pp. 1384-1391. , Canberra, IEEE PressBezdek, J.C., (1981) Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithm, , Plenum PressBonabeau, E., Dorigo, M., Théraulaz, G., (1999) Swarm Intelligence from Natural to Artificial Systems, , Oxford University PressCamazine, S., Deneubourg, J.-L., Franks, N.R., Sneyd, J., Theraulaz, G., Bonabeau, E., (2001) Self-organization in Biological Systems, , Princeton University PressDe Castro, L.N., Von Zuben, F.J., (2004) Recent Developments in Biologically Inspired Computing, , Idea Group IncDeneubourg, J.L., Goss, S., Sendova-Franks, N.A., Detrain, C., Chrétien, L., The dynamics of collective sorting: Robot-like ant and ant-like robot (1991) Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: from Animals to Animats, pp. 356-365. , J. A. Meyer and S. W. Wilson (eds.). MIT Press/Bradford BooksEveritt, B.S., Landau, S., Leese, M., (2001) Cluster Analysis, , Arnold Publishers, LondonGutowitz, H., Complexity-seeking ants (1993) Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Artificial LifeHandl, J., Knowles, J., Dorigo, M., On the performance of ant-based clustering (2003) Proc. of the 3rd International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, Design and Application of Hybrid Intelligent Systems, pp. 204-213. , IOS PressHandl, J., Meyer, B., Improved ant-based clustering and sorting in a document retrieval interface (2002) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2439, pp. 913-923. , J.J. Merelo, J.L.F. Villacañas, H.G. Beyer, P. Adamis Eds.: Proceedings of the PPSN VII - 7th Int. Conf. on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, Granada, Spain, Springer-Verlag, BerlinKanade, P., Hall, L.O., Fuzzy ants as a clustering concept (2003) Proc. of the 22nd International Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS), pp. 227-232Kaufman, L., Rousseeuw, P.J., (1990) Finding Groups in Data - An Introduction to Cluster Analysis, Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics, , John Wiley & Sons IncKeim, D.A., (2002) Information Visualization and Visual Data Mining: IEEE Transactions on Visuali Zation and Computer Graphics, 7 (1), pp. 100-107Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R., Shi, Y., (2001) Swarm Intelligence, , Morgan Kaufmann PublishersLabroche, N., Monmarché, N., Venturini, G., A new clustering algorithm based on the chemical recognition system of ants (2002) Proc. of the 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 345-349. , France, IOS PressLumer, E.D., Faieta, B., Diversity and adaptation in populations of clustering ants (1994) Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: from Animals to Animats, 3, pp. 499-508. , MIT PressMonmarché, N., Slimane, M., Venturini, G., On improving clustering in numerical databases with artificial ants. Advances in artificial life (1999) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1674, pp. 626-635. , D. Floreano, J.D. Nicoud, and F. Mondala Eds., Springer-Verlag, BerlinPaton, R., (1994) Computing with Biological Metaphors, , Chapman & HallRamos, V., Merelo, J.J., Self-organized stigmergic document maps: Environment as a mechanism for context learning (2002) AEB'2002, First Spanish Conference on Evolutionary and BioInspired Algorithms, pp. 284-293. , E. Alba, F. Herrera, J.J. Merelo et al. Eds., SpainRamos, V., Muge, F., Pina, P., Self-organized data and image retrieval as a consequence of inter-dynamic synergistic relationships in artificial ant colonies (2002) Soft-Computing Systems - Design, Management and Applications, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 87, pp. 500-509. , J. Ruiz-del-Solar, A. Abrahan and M. Köppen Eds. IOS Press, AmsterdamRitter, H., Kohonen, T., Self-organizing semantic maps (1989) Biol. Cybern., 61, pp. 241-254Sherafat, V., De Castro, L.N., Hruschka, E.R., TermitAnt: An ant clustering algorithm improved by ideas from termite colonies (2004) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3316, pp. 1088-1093. , Proc. of ICONIP 2004, Special Session on Ant Colony and Multi-Agent SystemsSherafat, V., De Castro, L.N., Hruschka, E.R., The influence of pheromone and adaptive vision on the standard ant clustering algorithm (2004) Recent Developments in Biologically Inspired Computing, pp. 207-234. , L. N. de Castro and F. J. Von Zuben, Chapter IX. Idea Group IncVizine, A.L., De Castro, L.N., Gudwin, R.R., Text document classification using swarm intelligence (2005) Proc. of KIMAS 2005, , CD ROMYeung, K.Y., Medvedovic, M., Bumgarner, R.E., Clustering gene-expression data with repeated measurements (2003) Genome Biology, 4 (5), pp. R34. , articl
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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