1,721,002 research outputs found
Mesoscale self-assembly of hexagonal plates using lateral capillary forces: Synthesis using the "capillary bond
No full textThis paper examines self-assembly in a quasi-two-dimensional, mesoscale system. The system studied here involves hexagonal plates ("hexagons") of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS; 5.4 mm in diameter, 0.9-2.0 mm thick), with faces functionalized to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, floating at the interface between perfluorodecalin (PFD) and H(2)O. The hexagons assemble by capillary forces originating in the interactions of the menisci at their hydrophobic and hydrophilic rectangular faces. The strength and directionality of the interactions can be tailored by manipulating the heights of the faces, the pattern of the hydrophobic faces, the pattern of hydrophobic regions on these faces, and the densities of the three interacting phases (organic Liquid, aqueous liquid, polymeric solid). Examination of all 14 possible combinations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces on the hexagonal plates led to three outcomes: (i) the extension of the strategies of self-assembly from the molecular to the mesoscale, (ii) the demonstration of a system in which small objects can be designed to self-assemble into a variety of arrays, and (iii) the hypothesis that capillary forces between objects can, in some circumstances, be considered to form the basis for a "bond" between them-the capillary bond-and be used in synthesis in a way analogous to that in which noncovalent bonds are employed in molecular-scale synthesis
Algorithmic Discovery of Tactical Combinations for Advanced Organic Syntheses
No full textWhereas most organic molecules can be synthesized from progressively simpler substrates, syntheses of complex organic targets often involve counterintuitive sequence of steps that first complexify the structure but, by doing so, open up possibilities for pronounced structural simplification in subsequent, downstream steps. Such complexifying/simplifying reaction sequences, called tactical combinations (TCs), can be quite powerful and elegant but also inherently hard to spot-indeed, only some 500 TCs have so far been cataloged, and even fewer are routinely used in synthetic practice. This paper describes computer-driven discovery of large numbers of viable TCs (over 46,000 combinations of reaction classes and similar to 4.85 million combinations of reaction variants), the vast majority of which have no prior literature precedent. Examples-including a concise wet lab synthesis of a small natural product-are provided to illustrate how the use of these newly discovered TCs can streamline the design of syntheses leading to important drugs and/or natural products. c. 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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