1,721,008 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cooperative systems : an overview
No full textThe objective of this report is to give an introduction to the subject of cooperative systems and an overview of projects related to cooperative systems. Issues related to cooperative systems are also discussed in the report. Two areas of great importance for cooperative systems are the standardization process of cooperative systems in Europe and the communication frequency used for cooperative systems. These two subjects are therefore discussed in more detail in the report. The objective of this report is to give an introduction to the subject of cooperative systems and an overview of projects related to cooperative systems. Issues related to cooperative systems are also discussed in the report. Two areas of great importance for cooperative systems are the standardization process of cooperative systems in Europe and the communication frequency used for cooperative systems. These two subjects are therefore discussed in more detail in the report. The report has been focusing on cooperative systems, which is a part of the wider concept Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The 'traditional' Intelligent Transport Systems use technology, inside or outside of the vehicle, to give the driver some kind of information. The driver gets the opportunity to act upon the given information. Along with the increased amount of new technology the use of information and communication in the transport area has increased. Today cooperative systems are well-known in the transport area. The idea is to extend the more traditional Intelligent Transport Systems and build systems that are able to communicate with each other. These systems could be located inside the vehicle or as a road-side unit outside of the vehicle. The benefit with cooperative systems is the ability to send and receive real-time information and to use this information in order to increase safety, efficiency and environmental impacts on the roads
Cooperative systems [Elektronisk resurs] : An overview
No full textThe objective of this report is to give an introduction to the subject of cooperative systems and an overview of projects related to cooperative systems. Issues related to co-operative systems are also discussed in the report. Two areas of great importance for cooperative systems are the standardization process of cooperative systems in Europe and the communication frequency used for cooperative systems. These two subjects are therefore discussed in more detail in the report.Projects within Europe, U.S. and Japan are included in the report. The reason for doing this limitation is that these countries/regions are the ones that have been found to be most developed and biggest with respect to cooperative systems. A lot of research and projects have been and are carried out in these countries. The aforementioned conclusion together with the extent of this project resulted in the investigation of projects in Europe, U.S. and Japan.The information related to the projects discussed in this report has mostly been found on project homepages and in reports presented on the homepages, such as EU Deliverables etc. CORDIS (Community Research and Information Service) has been a big information source for the projects related to Europe. It should also be mentioned that information from the projects in Japan was harder to find and homepages did in some cases only exist in the Japanese language. Therefore some of the information related to the Japanese projects has been taken from presentations performed in Europe.The report has been focusing on cooperative systems, which is a part of the wider concept Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The ’traditional’ Intelligent Transport Systems use technology, inside or outside of the vehicle, to give the driver some kind of information. The driver gets the opportunity to act upon the given information. Along with the increased amount of new technology the use of information and communication in the transport area has increased. Today cooperative systems are well-known in the transport area. The idea is to extend the more ’traditional’ Intelligent Transport Systems and build systems that are able to communicate with each other. These systems could be located inside the vehicle or as a road-side unit outside of the vehicle. The benefit with cooperative systems is the ability to send and receive real-time information and to use this information in order to increase safety, efficiency and environmental impacts on the roads. The increased amount of information together with the faster information flow and the fact that the information reaches the driver in real-time could contribute to more effective systems than the traditional Intelligent Transport Systems that exist today. To our acknowledgement there are no other surveys with the same extent in the subject so far.Syftet med denna rapport är att ge en introduktion till området samverkande system och en översikt av projekt med anknytning till samverkande system. Problemställningar relaterade till samverkande system diskuteras också i rapporten. Två områden av stor betydelse för samverkande system är standardiseringsprocessen av samverkande system i Europa och den kommunikationsfrekvens som används till samverkande system. Dessa två ämnen diskuteras därför mer ingående i rapporten.Projekt inom Europa, USA och Japan inkluderas i rapporten. Anledningen till denna avgränsning är att dessa länder/regioner är de som visat sig vara mest utvecklade och störst med avseende på samverkande system. Mycket forskning och många projekt har utförts och utförs idag i dessa områden. Den förut nämnda anledningen tillsammans med storleken på detta projekt har resulterat i att projekt i Europa, USA och Japan har inkluderats.Den information som rör projekten som diskuteras i denna rapport har främst hittats på projektens hemsidor och i rapporter som har presenterats på hemsidorna, t.ex. EU Deliverables, etc. CORDIS (Community Research and Information Service) har varit en stor informationskälla för projekt med anknytning till Europa. Det bör också nämnas att information för projekt i Japan har varit svårare att hitta och hemsidor fanns i vissa fall bara på japanska. Därför har delar av den information som är relaterad till japanska projekt tag från presentationer som har genomförts i Europa.Rapporten har fokus på samverkande system, som är en del av begreppet Intelligenta Transportsystem (ITS). I de ’traditionella’ Intelligenta Transportsystemen används teknik, i eller utanför fordonet, för att ge föraren någon form av information. Föraren ges möjlighet att agera på den givna informationen. Tillsammans med den ökade mängden av ny teknik har användningen av informations- och kommunikationsteknik inom transportområdet ökat. Idag är samverkande system ett välkänt begrepp inom transportområdet. Tanken är att utvidga de mer ’traditionella’ Intelligenta Transportsystemen genom att utveckla system som kan kommunicera med varandra. Dessa system skulle kunna placeras inuti fordonet eller som en enhet längs med vägen. Det främsta syftet med samverkande system är möjligheten att skicka och ta emot information i realtid och att använda denna information för att öka säkerhet, effektivitet och miljöpåverkan på vägarna. Den ökade mängden av information tillsammans med att informationsflödet når ut snabbare och i realtid skulle kunna medverka till mer effektiva system än de ’traditionella’ Intelligenta Transportsystemen som finns idag.Enligt vår vetskap finns det inga andra litteraturstudier med samma omfattning i ämnet idag.</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Cooperative systems [Elektronisk resurs] : an overview
No full textThe objective of this report is to give an introduction to the subject of cooperative systems and an overview of projects related to cooperative systems. Issues related to cooperative systems are also discussed in the report. Two areas of great importance for cooperative systems are the standardization process of cooperative systems in Europe and the communication frequency used for cooperative systems. These two subjects are therefore discussed in more detail in the report. The objective of this report is to give an introduction to the subject of cooperative systems and an overview of projects related to cooperative systems. Issues related to cooperative systems are also discussed in the report. Two areas of great importance for cooperative systems are the standardization process of cooperative systems in Europe and the communication frequency used for cooperative systems. These two subjects are therefore discussed in more detail in the report.The report has been focusing on cooperative systems, which is a part of the wider concept Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). The 'traditional' Intelligent Transport Systems use technology, inside or outside of the vehicle, to give the driver some kind of information. The driver gets the opportunity to act upon the given information. Along with the increased amount of new technology the use of information and communication in the transport area has increased. Today cooperative systems are well-known in the transport area. The idea is to extend the more traditional Intelligent Transport Systems and build systems that are able to communicate with each other. These systems could be located inside the vehicle or as a road-side unit outside of the vehicle. The benefit with cooperative systems is the ability to send and receive real-time information and to use this information in order to increase safety, efficiency and environmental impacts on the roads.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cooperative Variable Speed Limit Systems : Modeling and Evaluation using Microscopic Traffic Simulation
No full textDuring the last decades the road traffic has increased tremendously leading to congestion, safety issues and increased environmental impacts. As a result, many countries are continuously trying to find improvements and new solutions to solve these issues. One way of improving the traffic conditions is by the use of so called intelligent transport systems, where information and communication technologies are being used for traffic management and control. One such system commonly used for traffic management purposes are variable speed limit systems. These systems are making use of signs to show speed limits adjusted to the prevailing road or traffic conditions. The rapid development in telecommunication technologies has enabled communication between vehicles, and between vehicles and the infrastructure, so called cooperative systems. This opens up for the possibility to further improve the performance of a standard variable speed limit system by adding cooperative system features. The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate the potential benefits of incorporating infrastructure to vehicle communication and autonomous control to an existing variable speed limit system. We show how such a cooperative variable speed limit system can be modeled and evaluated by the use of microscopic traffic simulation. Results from the evaluation indicate increased flow harmonization in terms of narrowing of the acceleration rate distribution and reduced exhaust emissions. Further, we compare four control algorithms for deciding on speed limits in variable speed limit systems. Differences in the resulting traffic performance between the control algorithms are quantified by the use of microscopic traffic simulation. It is concluded that the dened objective for the algorithms have a decisive influence on the effects of the variable speed limit system. The results from this thesis are useful for further development of variable speed limit systems, both with respect to incorporating cooperative features and by improving the speed setting control algorithms
Evaluation of Four Control Algorithms Used in Variable Speed Limit Systems
No full textControl algorithms used for deciding on the speed limits in variable speed limit systems are crucial for the performance of the system. Today, many of the control algorithms used are based on fixed thresholds in speed and/or flow for lowering and increasing the speed limit. The algorithms are not necessarily reflecting the conditions on the road, which might lead to low traffic efficiency. Our hypothesis is that by use of a simple and efficient control algorithm that is better in reflecting the conditions on the road, both traffic efficiency and traffic safety could be increased. In this study, four control algorithms used in variable speed limit systems, and fulfilling the above criteria, are evealuted through microscopic traffic simulation. Performance indicators related to traffic safety, traffic efficiency and environmental impacts are presented. The results show that the design of, and the objective with, the control algorithm have a great impact on the performance. Moreover, the time needed for incident detection, the duration of and the size of the speed limit reduction and the location of the congestion are of importance for the performance of the control algorithms. These results will be of importance for design and implementation of future efficient variable speed limit systems.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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