1,720,990 research outputs found
How to avoid others and influence people: Attachment orientations predict leader prototypicality in ad hoc teams
Full text linkThe existing literature has explored the role and importance of personality traits in leader prototypicality. However, limited research exists concerning the link between personality traits and leader emergence or prototypicality in ad hoc teams. Based on the relational leadership and attachment literature, we examine whether leader attachment orientations can serve as antecedents of leader prototypicality in ad hoc teams. Utilizing an ad hoc problem-solving task featuring a round-robin design in a sample of 197 participants, we find that individuals with a dominant avoidant attachment orientation were more likely to be perceived as leader-like or leader prototypical. In comparison, individuals with a dominant anxious attachment orientation were much less likely to emerge as leader prototypical. We interpret these findings in alignment with attachment theory and relational leadership and discuss the role of relational personality traits in ad hoc teams with no formally appointed leader
I feel so attached: Influence of attachment orientations on leader perception, transfer and prototypicality
No full textThis dissertation discusses the mutual influence between leaders and followers on perception, emotion and behavior, using an attachment theory perspective. Some individuals are more likely to be seen as leaders than others. On the one hand this is determined by the characteristics or attributes as well as skills of the person in question. However, on the other hand, followers’ perception and expectations play a big role as well, in particular which expectations of an ideal leader can be fulfilled by followers’ current leader. Although attachment theory and – styles have only recently entered the organizational psychology literature, this dissertation advances that literature by looking at the role of attachment orientations between leaders and followers. In doing so, this dissertation answers several recent research calls on this topic. The three main subsequent chapters discuss the predictive role of attachment orientations with regard to leader preferences, the transference of behavioural expectations from one leader to another, and the perception of leader prototypicality in groups. The first chapter discusses the connection between implicit leader preferences and attachment orientations as predictors. Results show that avoidant attached individuals prefer a more autonomous and independent leadership style, whereas anxious attached individuals prefer a supportive and team-oriented leadership style. In the second chapter I study the transference of behavioural expectations from one leader to another. Results show that avoidant attached individuals are more likely to engage in this transference process. In addition, I discuss and empirically test the influence of culture with regard to leader transference. In the final chapter, I examine the behavioural influence of attachment orientations on how likely someone is perceived to be a leader in groups. Based on 57 project groups, I find that team members actually perceive avoidant attached individuals to be the most leader-like. Put differently, given certain environmental conditions, insecure attachment orientations can be perceived as leaders. These results show that it is even more important that leaders somewhat adapt to their followers’ preferences and not commit to merely one particular leadership style
All about that trait: Examining extraversion and state anxiety during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using a machine learning approach
Full text linkWe examine the longitudinal relation between extraversion and state anxiety in a large cohort of New York City (NYC) residents using a linguistic analytical machine learning approach. Anxiety, both state and trait, and Big Five personality traits were predicted using micro-blog data on the Twitter platform. In total, we examined 1336 individuals and a total of 200,289 observations across 246 days. We find that before the onset of SARS-CoV-2 in NYC (before 1st March 2020), extraverts experienced lower state anxiety compared to introverted individuals, while this difference shrinks after the onset of the pandemic, which provides evidence that SARS-COV-2 is affecting all individuals regardless of their extraversion trait disposition. Secondly, a longitudinal examination of the presented data shows that extraversion seems to matter more greatly in the early days of the crisis and towards the end of our examined time range. We interpret results within the unique SARS-CoV-2 context and discuss the relationship between SARS-COV-2 and individual differences, namely personality traits. Finally, we discuss results and outline the limitations of our approach
From Ideal to Real: Attachment Orientations Guide Preference for an Autonomous Leadership Style
Full text linkAutonomy is a key characteristic of attachment relations that varies as a function of
attachment orientations and is also a key personality characteristic of leadership
perceptions. In the presented research, we reasoned that the relationship between
attachment and autonomy-related preference for specific leaders and leadership behavior
would be a function of individuals’ insecure attachment strategies. We tested our
hypotheses in two studies. Study 1 used Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC)
modeling to test expectations based on a cross-sectional design, while Study 2 utilized
a vignette-based experimental design. We find that anxious individuals attributed less
positive evaluations to an autonomous leadership style (Study 1), while avoidant persons
attributed higher leader competence to an autonomous leader description (Study 2).
Compared to less anxious participants, highly anxious participants attributed lower
competence to the autonomous leader description. By examining how individual differences
in attachment orientations can indirectly influence the ideal leader categorization process,
the present set of studies lends support to the importance of attachment orientations and
related working models in leader perception and contribute to the literature on leader-follower fit. Using a survey and experimental approach, we examine how followers’
attachment schemas can shape the leader influence process, specifically concerning a
preference for an autonomous leadership style
Turn down for watt: community fit and thermal comfort habituation predict average household heating energy consumption
Full text linkLowering average household heating energy consumption plays a pivotal role in addressing climate change and has been central to policy initiatives. Strategies proposed so far have included commitments, incentives/ disincentives, feedback, and social norms. Yet, findings so far have been mixed and fail to explain the mechanism that drives energy conservation behavior. Using a sample of 2,128 participants across the United States, we collected survey data matched with archival temperature data to investigate the influence of past experiences on current energy conservation behaviors. Our findings indicate that childhood home temperatures significantly predict current home temperature settings. Importantly, community fit moderated this relationship. Individuals with high community fit were more likely to align their home temperature settings to those of their community. These insights not only shed light on the underlying mechanisms driving energy consumption behavior but also suggest that fostering a sense of community fit might be a more effective strategy for promoting sustainable energy practices.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Hit me with your best puff: personality predicts preference for cigar vs. cigarette smoking
Full text linkIn this study, we examine the association between Big Five personality traits and cigar or cigarette smoking in a sample of 9,918 older adults across 11 European countries derived from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) dataset. We find significant associations between several traits and smoking groups. Smoking was associated with lower scores on Conscientiousness and Agreeableness and higher Extraversion scores. In addition, cigar smokers exhibit lower Neuroticism and higher Openness compared to both cigarette smokers and non-smokers. These findings suggest that both personality traits are antecedents of smoking behavior, offering implications for targeted public health interventions and social policies aimed at combating the global tobacco epidemic.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
I hear you call my name and it feels like home: Right-Wing Authoritarianism and academic major choice
Full text linkRight-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is characterized by a preference for order, hierarchy, and conformity to norms, and has been associated with conservative values and structured environments. Using a sample of 5762 participants across 18 majors, we examine the association between RWA and academic college major choice, proposing that individuals with higher RWA scores are more likely to select disciplines that align with their values of structure and authority. We found that individuals with higher RWA scores were more likely to choose disciplines emphasizing authority and tradition, such as Business, Law, and Medicine. We also found a moderating effect of gender, in that men with high RWA tended to select traditionally masculine fields (e.g., Engineering and Law), while women favored caregiving-oriented majors (e.g., Psychology and Social Work), reinforcing conventional gender roles. These findings suggest that RWA influences not only political and social attitudes but also academic choices, highlighting the importance of considering personality traits in understanding educational trajectories and their broader social implications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
