1,721,032 research outputs found
Vivre avec l'incertitude. Du principe de précaution à l'évaluation normative continue
No full textDupuy Jean-Pierre, Grinbaum Alexei. Vivre avec l'incertitude. Du principe de précaution à l'évaluation normative continue. In: Raison présente, n°154-155, 2e et 3e trimestres 2005. Menaces sur le climat. pp. 47-70
Towards a relational interpretation of indefinite causality
No full textQuantum indefinite causality has become a central topic in quantum foundations. One can employ a particular extension of quantum mechanics, called the process matrix formalism (PMF), to study these processes. The PMF allows one to represent correlations between quantum events among multiple parties without specifying, a priori, their spatiotemporal locations. Crucially, since the PMF makes no assumption about the global causal structure among quantum events, it allows for the existence of causally non-separable quantum processes. Such processes are said to have an indefinite causal structure. This work aims to investigate some conceptual lessons from causal non-separability.
A preliminary discussion reviews the higher-order quantum operation (HOQO) formalism and shows that process matrices are a class of HOQOs. Then two notions of indefinite causality—namely, non-causality and causal non-separability—are introduced and compared. Finally, a particular implementation of a causally non-separable process, the quantum switch, is presented in both its acyclic and circuital representations. The study lays the groundwork for interpreting the circuital representation of the quantum switch, analyzing the roles of agents, quantum systems, and events within it. A relational interpretation is then proposed
D1.3 Ethical and social impacts-driven horizon scanning of new and emerging technologies Reflections and proposals on models and practices
No full textThis report provides a critical review of horizon scan studies on future technological developments performed by research institutions, businesses, and policy organisations at transnational (EU) and international levels. This served different purposes:
1) Find common practices and learn from the pros and the cons that horizon scanning can bring
2) Develop a model to carry out a horizon scan informed by potential social and ethical impacts (the TechEthos approach)
3) Distil a reasoned list of high socio-economic impact technology families, ordering and clustering hundreds of future technologies spotted by these studies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Délivrer l’ordinateur du mal : La Valeur du hasard pour une machine apprenante
No full textNational audienceConférence donnée au colloque Humain / Non-humain à l’ère de l’intelligence artificielle (CERSA, le 19 juin 2017
Cognitive Barriers in Perception of Nanotechnology
No full textThis article is concerned with predictions of future events, such as technological achievements and changes in the human condition that they will bring about. Cognitive barriers arise when human agents are either asked or forced to make judgments and decisions with respect to unknown singular events. This article argues that barriers such as an aversion to not knowing and the impossibility to believe trump expert and ordinary human reasoning. These barriers apply to nanotechnology. To avoid undesired societal effects arising from them, this essay proposes a set of steps designed to foster responsible public dialogue
Information-theoretic principle entails orthomodularity of a lattice
No full textVersion prior to published, with slight modificationsQuantum logical axiomatic systems for quantum theory usually include a postulate that a lattice under consideration is orthomodular. We propose a derivation of orthomodularity from an information-theoretic axiom. This provides conceptual clarity and removes a long-standing puzzle about the meaning of orthomodularity
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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