92 research outputs found
Ignas Šeinius as self-editor
No full textStraipsnio objektas – Igno Šeiniaus ankstyvojo kūrybos laikotarpio novelių „Vidūnaktį“, „Ruduo“, „Rimošiaus atostogos“, feljetono „Lietuvis iš Paryžiaus“, pamfleto „Kaip Jackus tapo mokslo vyras“ ir eilėraščių „Melas ir vargas“, „Patrijotams“ autoredakcijos. Išskyrus novelę „Rimošiaus atostogos“, kiti tekstai priklauso ankstyvajam Šeiniaus kūrybos laikotarpiui, kai jis aktyviai dalyvavo steigiant naujus periodinius leidinius, artimai bendravo su jų redaktoriais, polemizavo kalbos norminimo klausimais, ne sykį drausdamas redakcijoms redaguoti jo atsiųstus tekstus. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti redagavimų priežastis ir kokybinius tekstų pokyčius. Tiriant ir lyginant paskiras redakcijas prieinama prie išvadų, kad daugiausia dėmesio Šeinius skyrė žodingumui, dialektizmams, ortografijos paprastumui, tačiau beveik nekeisdavo sakinio struktūros ir tik retais atvejais koreguodavo patį kūrinį. Šiuo atžvilgiu daugiausiai redaguotas tik eilėraštis „Melas ir vargas“ ir novelė „Ruduo“. Darbe remiamasi aprašomuoju ir iš dalies tekstologinės bei lyginamosios analizės metodais. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ignas Šeinius; Proza; Poezija; Rankraščiai; Tekstologija; Ignas Šeinius; Prose; Poetry; Manuscripts; TextologyBased on the assumption that the fact of publishing his piece of writing for Ignas Šeinius was not more important than the authenticity of the published text because, as the entries in his diary, remarks in his letters to editors and his address on linguistic issues in the article The Art of Lithuania testify, he was concerned with publishing an author’s or authorised variant of a literary work and placing confidence in the creator, his idea and talent. The author of the present paper uses comparative and descriptive methods to determine the actual relation of Ignas Šeinius to, as he puts it, once written work, what and how systematically he revised, changed and corrected... To this end, the paper deals with the self-editing of the short-stories of his early period Vidunaktį (At Midnight), Ruduo (Autumn) and the feuilleton Lietuvis iš Paryžiaus (A Lithuanian from Paris) published in Viltis, Lietuvos žinios and the short-prose collection Nakties žiburiai (1914) compiled by Šeinius himself, the pamphlet Kaip Jackus tapo mokslo vyras (How Jackus Became a Man of Letters) published in Lietuvos žinios and preserved in its original manuscript, also the poems Melas ir vargas (Lie and Misery), Patrijotams (To the Patriots) and the short-story Rimošiaus atostogos (Rimošius’ Holidays), which have survived only in manuscripts. The study leads to the conclusion that when preparing his pieces of writing for publishing, the author was quite faithful to two principles – linguistic diversity, including dialecticisms, and orthographical simplicity. The poem Melas ir vargas was the only one subject to most essential editing by giving it a ring composition and a more regular rhythm highlighting the theme. Nevertheless, even scarce, the facts of self-editing of Ignas Šeinius are not only of interest to the researchers of his creative heritage, but can also be of use to the historians
Book review: Waging war: a new philosophical introduction by Ian Clark
No full textThe 2nd edition of Waging War: A New Philosophical Introduction offers a farreaching engagement with both the practice of, and theorisations on, waging war today. Ignas Kalpokas finds that its author, Ian Clark, effectively questions many ostensibly selfevident assumptions regarding warfare, thereby avoiding the reiteration of familiar and simplistic conceptual categorisations and binaries
Book review: the Middle Ages
No full textIn Johannes Fried’s The Middle Ages, the author makes his case for an alternative interpretation of the medieval period as much more sophisticated than commonly thought, writes Ignas Kalpokas. The book intricately traces how ideas and systems of thought that we now consider quintessentially modern European ways of life, thinking and culture stemmed from this time period
Book Review: The Middle Ages : [Rezension zu:] The Middle Ages. Johannes Fried. Harvard University Press. 2015
No full textIn Johannes Fried’s The Middle Ages, the author makes his case for an alternative interpretation of the medieval period as much more sophisticated than commonly thought, writes Ignas Kalpokas. The book intricately traces how ideas and systems of thought that we now consider quintessentially modern European ways of life, thinking and culture stemmed from this time period
Being and appearing in "siegfried immerselbe atsijaunina" by ignas šeinius.
No full textBeing and Appearing in "Siegfried Immerselbe atsijaunina" by Ignas Šeinius The aim of this paper is to analyse satirical novel Siegfried Immerselbe atsijaunina by the Lithuanian author Ignas Šeinius (1889-1959). The research is based on several theoretical approaches, mainly Yuri Lotman's cultural semiotics assumptions and the ideas expressed in Roland Barthes’ essay Writing Degree Zero. This dissertation focuses on the modalities of being and appearing discussed in Algirdas Julien Greimas’ theory. Paper describes the dialectical structure of the meaning in Šeinius’ text and through it showcases the mechanisms of revealing laughter. The reconstruction of the interwar Lithuanian sociopolitical discourse attempts to show how the historical and universal value systems function in the text, what significance their relationship has to the structure of the meaning
Terahertz magnetospectroscopy of high electron mobility CdTe/CdMgTe quantum wells
No full textThe extent of Terahertz (THz) radiation applications during last two decades has grown extensively as it was found to be useful in the fields such as medical imaging, security or drugs control to name just a few. However, despite a tremendous work already done, the compact system of THz imaging operating at room temperature is still an issue. Up to now, GaAs or GaN-based heterostructures and Si electron inversion layers were mostly used in solid-state THz optoelectronics. There, such a resonant phenomena as collective oscillations in a two-dimensional (2D) electron plasma and a free electron cyclotron resonance (CR) were observed.
When it comes about THz magnetospectroscopy in a high electron mobility CdTe-based QWs, not many reports in the literature can be found. Due to a polar nature of the crystal lattice bonds and relatively low optical phonon energies the influence of a polaron effect on cyclotron resonance as well as a plasmon-phonon interaction are much larger in CdTe than in the materials mentioned before. Better understanding of these fundamental effects is extremely important for the operation of the devices based on CdTe such as frequency tunable THz detectors, for example.
The goal of this work was to investigate the THz radiation induced effects in 2D electron plasma in CdTe-based QWs, concentrating an attention on the 2D plasmon excitation and peculiarities resulting from the polar nature of the material. The experiments were done on a high electron mobility CdTe/CdMgTe quantum wells, modulation doped with n-type impurity at one of the barriers (closer to the surface). All measurements were done at liquid helium temperature. A set of samples with a different parameters such as doping density and quantum well width were investigated in a photocurrent experiments. Also, transmission on samples containing a photo-lithographically formed metal grid-gate on the top was measured. A photocurrent induced in a quantum point contact (QPC) device defined by an electron beam lithography was also investigated.
In order to characterize the samples, magnetotransport experiments were done at first. The 2DEG concentration was found as well as electron effective mass and quantum scattering time by analyzing the oscillation period and amplitude of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. Also, the feature at Landau level filling factor =4/3 was observed which might arise due to a Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE).
Photocurrent spectra as a function of magnetic field (B) and exciting the sample with a constant frequency radiation taken from THz laser were recorded. In some samples only a narrow cyclotron resonance (CR) peak was observed ( T), while in the others optically induced SdH oscillations were present together with CR peak. The absence of SdH oscillations can be explained by the 2DEG heating due to bias current through the sample.
An interesting phenomenon was observed, when optically induced SdH oscillations were analyzed. The additional splitting at Landau level filling factors = 1, 2 and 4 was observed. This phenomena might arise to the breaking of an Integer Quantum Hall (IQH) state due to THz radiation induced bolometric effect. However deeper investigation of the phenomenon is needed.
The next topic of the investigation was THz detection with a gated 2D electron plasma in CdTe/CdMgTe quantum wells. For this purpose a few samples with a deposited gold gate electrode allowing for the 2DEG concentration control with a voltage, were prepared. Here the SdH oscillations and a CR transition were observed and a non-monotonical dependence of CR peak magnitude on was found. In general, changing the it is possible to reduce the CR peak magnitude to the level of SdH oscillations, or to increase it to exceed SdH magnitude more than 20 times. Also, sample response at a few laser lines was measured as a function of the gate voltage at a constant magnetic field . The above described CR peak magnitude dependence on or, in other words, a possibility to switch on and off the resonant detection was demonstrated. Another sample used for these experiments had a Hall bar geometry with a gated conduction channel. Experimental results also showed a non-monotonical CR peak magnitude dependence on the gate polarization. However, in this case the CR magnitude dependence on showed well developed plateau regions.
Photocurrent spectra as a function of were measured on a QPC sample. The device has a lateral gate and the conduction channel with the constriction of the form of a bottle-neck. Spectra were measured for a few laser frequencies and for a few gate voltage values. In both cases, CR maxima with a spectral features at low- shoulder were registered. The spectral structures were found to represent the first and higher harmonics of electron plasma oscillations in magnetic field, also known as magnetoplasmons. It was found that plasmon frequency does not depend on the gate voltage, suggesting that detected plasma resonances form at the wide part of the channel, and not at the bottle-neck. Data analysis showed that plasmons observed are of ungated type and are confined in the conduction channel (width m).
In transmission spectra recorded on the grid-gated samples using the Fourier interferometer, the electron effective mass increase was observed at the strong magnetic fields which arises from the resonant polaron effect. Transmission spectra recorded using the THz laser show a deep symmetric CR minimum for the reference sample (that without a metal grid). For the samples with the metal grid, on the low- shoulder of CR dip, additional features were present. They were observed for two different laser frequencies and for two metal grids of a different periodicity. According to the theoretical calculations, these features are the first four harmonics of magnetoplasmons, with wavevectors defined by the period of the grating. These plasmons were shown to be a mixture of screened plasmons existing under metal fingers and unscreened plasmons existing in the openings of the grid. The proportion of plasmons of each type in the mixture were found to be approximately equal to the geometrical aspect ratio of the grating. Also, comparing experimental results with the theory it was found that the 2D plasmon frequency in n-doped CdTe/CdMgTe QWs of high electron mobility is strongly influenced by the plasmon-phonon interaction.
To sum up, resonant (cyclotron transition and 2D plasmons) and non-resonant (SdH oscillations) THz detection was demonstrated in the high electron mobility CdTe/CdMgTe QWs. Also, effects arising from polar nature of CdTe lattice were such as resonant polaron effect and plasmon-phonon interaction were shown to be important. To the best knowledge of the author 2D plasmons excited by THz radiation were demonstrated in CdTe/CdMgTe QWs for the first time
Secrets of the Swedish archives: in search of Ignas Šeinius' traces
No full textStraipsnyje glaustai apžvelgiamas Švedijos valstybės archyvo (Riksarkivet) palikimas, susijęs su Nepriklausomos Lietuvos diplomato bei lietuvių rašytojo Igno Jurkūno Šeiniaus gyvenimu politine veikla bei kūryba Švedijoje. Pasitelkus Baltijos archyvą Stokholme (Baltiska arkivet) bei asmeninį rašytojo sūnaus Irvio Scheynius archyvą, aptariami keli Igno Šeiniaus asmenybės aspektai: jo kaip diplomato politinė bei visuomeninė veikla, psichologinis kūrėjo asmenybės formavimasis, santykiai su Lietuvos kultūros aplinka bei konkrečiais rašytojais. Į domesių lauką pakliūva ne tik unikalūs istoriniai faktai (vadinamoji „baltų pabėgėlių byla“), bet ir iki šiol nepublikuota epistolinė kitų Lietuvos rašytojų (Balio Sruogos, Jurgio Savickio ir kt.) medžiaga. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Švedijos valstybinis archyvas; Baltijos archyvas Stokholme; "Baltų pabėgėlių byla"; Igno Šeiniaus korespondencija; Materials of the Ewedish archives; The diplomat writer Ignas Seinius; "Case of the Balts refugees"; Corespondence with the Lithuanian writersThe article looks in brief into the heritage of the Swedish national archive (Riksarkivet) connected to life, political activities, and creative endeavors of an independent Lithuanian diplomat and Lithuanian writer Ignas Jurkūnas in Sweden. The author uses the Baltic archive in Stockholm (Baltiska arkivet) and a personal archive of the writer’s son Irvis Scheynius to discuss several aspects of Ignas Šeinius personality: his political and social activities in the role of a diplomat, psychological formation of creator’s personality, relations with Lithuanian cultural environment and particular writers. The author’s attention captures not only unique historical facts (so-called “case of Baltic refugees“), but also epistolic, previously unpublished, materials of other Lithuanian writers (Balys Sruoga, Jurgis Savickis and others)
Terahertz Spectroscopy of Thermal Radiation from AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure on Sapphire at Low Temperatures
No full textTerahertz spectroscopy of thermal radiation from electrically pumped AlGaN/GaN structures on sapphire substrate was investigated in this work. Comparison of experimental THz spectroscopy results to theoretical spectra calculations shows that thermal radiation of the sample lattice is the main mechanism causing the emission above T = 155 K, and it is mainly influenced by sapphire substrate. Here, the emission was attributed to the radiative electron transitions in shallow impurities and nitrogen vacancies as well as to radiative decay of longitudinal optical phonons (387 cm - 1 ) in sapphire substrate. We have successfully demonstrated that THz emission spectroscopy can be used to define the temperature at which thermal emission from AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures dominates the emission spectrum
Algorithmic governance: politics and law in the post-human era
No full textThis book analyses the changes to the regulation of everyday life that have taken place as a result of datafication, the ever-growing analytical, predictive, and structuring role of algorithms, and the prominence of the platform economy. This new form of regulation – algorithmic governance – ranges from nudging individuals towards predefined outcomes to outright structuration of behaviour through digital architecture. The author reveals the strength and pervasiveness of algorithmic politics through a comparison with the main traditional form of regulation: law. These changes are subsequently demonstrated to reflect a broader shift away from anthropocentric accounts of the world. In doing so, the book adopts a posthumanist framework which focuses on deep embeddedness and interactions between humans, the natural environment, technology, and code. Ignas Kalpokas is Senior Lecturer of Public Communication at Vytautas Magnus University and Assistant Professor of International Relations and Development at LCC International University, Lithuania. He is the author of Creativity and Limitation in Political Communities (2017) and A Political Theory of Post-Truth (2019)
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