397 research outputs found
Profit as Social Rent: Embeddedness and Stratification in Markets
No full textThis article shows how research on the social structure of markets may contribute to the analysis the growing income inequality in contemporary capitalist economies. The author proposes a theoretical link between embeddedness and social stratification by discussing the role of institutions and networks in markets for the distribution of economic profits between firms. The author claims that we must understand profit and free competition as opposites, as economic theory does. In the main part of the article the author illustrates six typical mechanisms of rent extraction from networks or formal and symbolic rules that embed markets. They emerge from material as well as symbolical access to and influence on the orientation of other market actors. Social structures in markets lead to unequal chances for rent extraction, even if actors produce them for coordination rather than for accumulation purposes. This is how market sociology and theory of capitalism can be linked more closely
Hybrid threats, cyber warfare and NATO's comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats - mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management
No full textThe author examines NATO's comprehensive conceptual framework (the Capstone Concept) for identifying and discussing emerging threats to international peace and security including cyber war and possible multi-stakeholder responses. Article by Sascha-Dominik bachmann, Senior Lectuer in Law, School of Law, University of Portsmouth
Hybrid threats, cyber warfare and NATO's comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats - mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management
Full text linkThe author examines NATO's comprehensive conceptual framework (the Capstone Concept) for identifying and discussing emerging threats to international peace and security including cyber war and possible multi-stakeholder responses. Article by Sascha-Dominik bachmann, Senior Lectuer in Law, School of Law, University of Portsmouth
Emissions trading systems with cap adjustments
No full textAbstractEmissions Trading Systems (ETSs) with fixed caps lack provisions to address systematic imbalances in the supply and demand of permits due to changes in the state of the regulated economy. We propose a mechanism which adjusts the allocation of permits based on the current bank of permits. The mechanism spans the spectrum between a pure quantity instrument and a pure price instrument. We solve the firms׳ emissions control problem and obtain an explicit dependency between the key policy stringency parameter—the adjustment rate—and the firms׳ abatement and trading strategies. We present an analytical tool for selecting the optimal adjustment rate under both risk-neutrality and risk-aversion, which provides an analytical basis for the regulator׳s choice of a responsive ETS policy
Armed with swords and scales ::law, culture, and local courtrooms in London, 1860-1913 /
No full textIn the mid-eighteenth century, author and magistrate Henry Fielding adjudicated cases of theft, assault, and public disorder from his London home on Bow Street. By the middle of the nineteenth century, Fielding's modest 'police office' had expanded to become the most prolific court system in Britain and the cornerstone of criminal and civil justice in the metropolis. Sascha Auerbach examines the fascinating history of this institution through the lens of 'courtroom culture' - the combination of formal statute and informal custom that guided everyday practice in the London Police Courts. He offers a new model for understanding the relationship between law, culture, and society in modern Britain and illuminates how the local courtroom became a crucial part of everyday life and thoroughly entangled with popular representations of justice and morality
Social robots skills learning from demonstration
No full textIn the paper we address the issue of deploying a learning-from-demonstration approach to acquire skills for carrying out conversational tasks with humans. The core idea is to have the robots exploit curated data resulting from human end-user training on dedicated simulators. This will be employed to train social skills in robots using AI models. The resulting social robot will incorporate the trained models
Cultural Ecologies of Endangered Languages: The Cases of Wawa and Kwanja
No full textGriffiths S, Robson L. Cultural Ecologies of Endangered Languages: The Cases of Wawa and Kwanja. Anthropological Linguistics. 2010;52(2):217-238.The study of endangered languages can reveal interesting informa- tion about how languages adapt to changes in the environment of their speakers and particularly to changes in their culture. This article introduces two under- studied Cameroonian languages at different stages of endangerment: Wawa (endangered) and Njanga (moribund). Njanga has been replaced by a related dialect (Sundani) and Wawa is threatened by the dominant Fulfulde language and is undergoing gradual and unexpected changes in reaction to the threat. A language ecology perspective is employed to examine data on numerals, color terms, and days of the week
PREC 2018. Personal Robots for Exercising and Coaching
No full textSchneider S, Wrede B, Cifuentes C, Griffiths SS, Wermter S. PREC 2018. Personal Robots for Exercising and Coaching. In: Companion of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction - HRI '18. New York: ACM Press; 2018
Intergroup contact and rice allocation via a modified dictator game in rural Cameroon
Full text linkThomae M, Zeitlyn D, Griffiths S, van Vugt M. Intergroup contact and rice allocation via a modified dictator game in rural Cameroon. Field Methods. 2012;25(1):74-90.Economic games in field settings have been subject to criticism concerning their ecological validity. We use social identity theory and the intergroup contact hypothesis as a framework to illustrate how economic games can be applied to field settings with higher ecological validity. A quasi-experiment in two rural Cameroonian villages studied participants’ allocation of rice to co-inhabitants of their village. The villages are characterized by different degrees of contact between the ethnic groups and the sexes. Our results indicate that women who are segregated from each other disadvantage other women more than men, or women who experience higher amounts of contact. These findings are interesting from a theoretical and methodological perspective since we utilized a non-monetary stake in naturalistic intergroup settings
Open Access: Faculty and graduate student panel discussion
No full textThe Open Access Week panel discussion includes Virginia Tech graduate students, faculty, and alumni who have been involved in open access publishing from the author and editor perspectives. Each will relate their experience with open access, followed by a discussion, including questions from the audience. Light refreshments will be served. Panelists include:
- Carola Haas (faculty, Fish and Wildlife Conservation)
- Scott King (faculty, Geophysics)
- Alison Burke (PhD candidate, Biomedical Sciences)
- Sascha Engel (PhD candidate, ASPECT)
- Titilola Obilade (former adjunct faculty, School of Education)
- Jeremy Ernst (faculty, Integrative STEM Education)Virginia Tech. University LibrariesThis panel discussion was held in the Multipurpose Room of Virginia Tech's Newman Library on October 19, 2015 at 5:30pm EST
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