124,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
B hepatitis and liver transplantation
No full textHerein is reported our experience in treating with a liver transplant 14 HBsAg+ patients affected by end-stage liver disease; among these, nine patients were or had been also superinfected with HDV. An attempt has been made to evaluate the course of possible HBV reinfection and its correlation to HDV coinfection in patients who survived more than 3 months. Our results suggest that OLTX must also be performed in HBsAg carriers, even if serological signs of HBV virulence or HDV coinfection are present, to have a good outcome and quality of life. OLTX must also be performed if patients develop posttransplant B/D viral hepatitis recurrence. Future efforts must be directed toward best identifying recurrences, improving active and passive prophylaxis-mainly the long-term one-monitoring HBsAG titer, and evaluating the oppportunity of pretransplant treatment with interferon, to which HDV especially seems to be sensitive
Practice of adult liver transplantation in Italy. Recommendations of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (A.I.S.F.)
No full textLiver transplantation is an efficient procedure as performed in Italy, yet major differences are present in terms of practice. In an effort to facilitate an homogeneous practice of liver transplantation in Italy, the Italian Association for the Study of Liver Disease has instituted a Commission aimed at providing recommendations on non-urgent liver transplantation in adults, based on current evidence. This nation-wide commission which included experienced hepatologists, surgeons and pathologists with major interest in liver transplantation has drafted a final document in October 2004, approved by the Italian Association for the Study of Liver Governing Board, whose key arguments and main conclusions are summarised in the present paper. The Commission has made specific recommendations on the following topics: the current needs of liver transplantation in Italy; the indications to liver transplantation and re-liver transplantation, with special reference to controversial issues and the minimal listing criteria; the use of marginal donors and the need to optimise donor/recipient matching; the use of living donor liver transplantation; the management of the waiting list and the introduction of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease to define priorities; the clinical management of liver transplantation recipients and disease recurrence; the implementation of audits and outcome monitoring; the training of transplant surgeons and hepatologists and the requirements for Centre accreditation; the pathology of liver transplantation. (C) 2005 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Steatocystoma multiplex and leuconychia in a child with Alagille syndrome
No full textAlagille syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant developmental disorder, characterized by congenital paucity of interlobular bile ducts, peculiar facies, posterior embryotoxon, bone abnormalities, and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. Cutaneous involvement in this disorder is quite rare and the association of Alagille syndrome with multiple comedones and cysts has been described only once. Here, we report the clinical and histological findings of a 7-year-old patient affected by Alagille syndrome who presented multiple cystic lesions and comedones reminiscent of steatocystoma multiplex and a congenital total true leuconychia. Although unexplained, the association of this syndrome with a developmental disorder of the pilosebaceous unit may not be fortuitous
A new splitting technique for liver grafts.
No full textThe in-situ split-liver (ISSL) technique allows the division of the liver of a cadaver donor in two parts that can be transplanted in two different patients. The two grafts obtained are different in size, the left one being generally suitable for transplantation only in small children. We describe here the successful use of an alternative technique, generating two grafts more similar in size, both of which are transplantable into adults or large children.
This alternative technique of ISSL provided two grafts of
similar size, showing excellent function in two recipients of
adult size. The blood loss during the split was similar to that
reported from harvesting a right-lobe graft from a living
donor, with a similar technique. With increasing experience
this figure can be reduced. Our technique increases the flexibility of the procedure and can virtually double the pool of liver grafts for adult recipients
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
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