172,053 research outputs found
An Architecture for Grey Literature in a R&D Context
No full textThe importance of Grey Literature is becoming increasingly recognised. For many organisations it encapsulates the knowledge and know-how and thus is a vital business asset. It has similar importance in quality of life aspects-healthcare, environment and culture. Grey Literature in a R&D environment represents the cutting edge of this knowledge and so its management is of utmost importance. Partly based on involvement in defining the datamodels for R&D information interchange across Europe, the author here defines a content metadata datamodel for Grey literature which is more expressive and has more flexibility than any previous proposal and which integrates seamlessly with the CERIF2000 definition which will soon replace the CERIF1991 European Union Recommendation to Member States on Exchange of R&D Information. The content metadata datamodel offers significant advantages over Dublin Core yet can generate Dublin Core if required.Includes : Conference preprint, Pratt student commentaryXAInternationa
Leveraging Grey Literature – Capitalizing on Value and the Return on Investment
No full textThe method of approach is a cumulative case study from 2003 onwards of a select number of information products and services provided by GreyNet. Each were introduced to serve the interests of the grey literature community and their production and supply remain sustained. The first step in the study provides a brief description of GreyNet’s types of stakeholders and the nine selected resources intended to serve the grey literature community. Available statistics and data corresponding to the resources are also incorporated here. The second step is the design and implementation of an online survey among GreyNet stakeholders in an effort to determine their involvement. And, in the third and final step an analysis is carried out as to the observed uses of the information resources in step one with the results of the survey conducted among GreyNet stakeholders in step two
Grey in the R&D Process
No full textThe rate of acquisition of data, its structuring into information and its interpretation as knowledge is increasing rapidly. There are more active researchers now than ever and the output of white publications per researcher is increasing. The output of grey publications is orders of magnitude greater. Past techniques of experts (librarians) cataloguing manually with metadata each publication do not scale. The problem is to find ways to manage this resource. The hypothesis is in 4 parts: (a) that the R&D process itself provides some context for managing the information; (b) that linking the records of the process to the publications provides this context; (c) that questions of curation and provenance are addressed automatically in such an environment; (d) that such an environment integrates grey and white literature and other R&D outputs such as software, data, products and patents. At UiB the emphasis of the work has been on assessment of the research output - especially publications - linked in context with records of the researchers, their organisational units, and related CRIS (Current Research Information System) information (the FRIDA system which is mostly CERIF-compatible). At CCLRC the emphasis of the work has been on the production of an open access repository of publication outputs from the organisation (ePubs), linked to the CERIFcompatible CDR (Corporate Data Repository) CRIS and thus to other research outputs with associated metadata. The recording of the data provides the context including the workflow of the R&D process, history and provenance. Grey documents produced as early ideas are captured in a temporal and organisational context, just as well as white publications, via the linked repository. CERIF allows, in a multidimensional framework, deduction or induction of relationships between documents, for example between a grey internal report and a white published paper - and with other research outputs. Furthermore, relationships between documents can be expressed explicitly: references and / or citations can be recorded. In this way a rich context for understanding the R&D output is provided, including versions, history and provenance. Recording facts once in a structured R&D process environment and then re-using them in many ways reduces - by automated provision assistance - the need for user input of metadata to describe research outputs (especially grey literature) and thus addresses the scalability problem.Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notesXAInternationa
Disinfection of grey water
No full textThe reuse of grey water, for applications such as toilet flushing and irrigation,
represents a potential sustainable solution to water shortages experienced by regions
worldwide. Although reused grey water is not intended for potable use, the potential for
transmission of waterborne pathogens by aerosol inhalation, topical contact, or indirect
ingestion is a key concern for grey water reuse. This thesis explores the pathogen
content of grey water and investigates pathogen removal through treatment and
disinfection processes. The impacts of organic and particulate material in grey water on
the efficacy of disinfection processes are investigated in depth.
Grey water can potentially harbour a range of pathogenic microorganisms, with
opportunistic bacterial pathogens in grey water indicating a particular risk of grey water
reuse for the vulnerable members of society. The disinfection of grey water is therefore
critical prior to reuse. Particulate material in grey water limits the efficacy of
disinfection by chlorine, ultraviolet light, and origanum essential oil, by shielding
microorganisms from the applied disinfectant. Microbial resistance to the disinfectants
was linked to the particle size distribution of the grey water, with increasing particle
size offering greater protection to associated microorganisms. Additional organic
material was shown to reduce the applied disinfectant but no impact on microorganism
resistance to disinfection was observed when a constant disinfectant dose was
maintained. Treatment of grey water, targeting the removal of large particulate material,
improves the efficacy of grey water disinfection, allowing compliance with stringent
microbiological standards for urban water reuse
Citation Analysis and Grey Literature: Stakeholders in the Grey Circuit
No full textThe goal of this research project is to learn more about the expanding field of information known as "grey literature". Citation analysis allows one the possibility to follow the work of the authors in the GL-Conference series, as well as authors whom they have cited both in grey and commercial publishing. A further goal of this paper is to examine the value of the GLConference Proceedings for research in the field of grey literature by examining among other things, its impact on the work of contributing authors. This study was sparked by a general interest in citation analysis as an instrument used in various sciences including information science. And, in particular by a paper presented at GL5 in which grey literature as a main channel for publication by an International Marine Scientific Advisory Body was investigated. (MacDonald [et al.], 2004). The stakeholders in this study are not first and foremost the authors who produce a document type, which falls within the category of grey literature. Instead this study is directed to those authors who focus their research and writing on the topic of grey literature, these could be referred to as the meta-authors on grey literature. They have entered the field of information studies and focused on a particular area, they entered in small numbers and in the past decade they have become contending stakeholders. In the first five volumes of the GL Conference Proceedings a total of 139 conference papers were published, 30 of which did not contain references. Bibliographic data shows that 152 authors/co-authors, which is a full sample, were responsible for the content of these papers. 108 are 1st authors, 78 of whom are sole authors. 30 of the authors (>20%) have published more than once in the conference series and of who 6 (>.05%) have published three or more times in this series. It is important that those authors who published within the series are also published outside the series – indicating that their clout extends beyond the grey circuit. In this way, their sphere of influence covers their entire work and reflects well on the conference series as a whole. The direction until now has been grey to commercially published e.g. a conference paper is later published as a journal article; however, with the advent of OAI, Open Archive Initiative, this direction could now even allow for reversal
Grey Fleet Safety Management Guide
No full textWith road crashes representing the most common form of work related fatality, driving for work purposes is a considerable road safety risk. Work crashes also incur a greater average lost time in worker absence compared to other workplace claims and vehicle crashes account for approximately 39% (average from 2003-2015 in Australia) of all worker fatalities.
One area of work driving that is problematic and often neglected in regards to risk and safety management is Grey Fleet. Grey Fleet is the proportion of work vehicles used for work purposes owned by the driver or another entity rather than being directly provided by the organisation employing that driver.
Here is the NRSPP’s policy guide framework to help organisations manage this risks associated with Grey Fleet. This guide was developed by the NRSPP team through the NRSPP Grey fleet Working Group, and with the assistance of NRSPP Partners. This policy framework is a key resource for the NRSPP.
This guide is scalable and transferable to many different sectors, filling a large knowledge gap within the transportation industry in Australia. The aim of this guide is to help with implementation of a good practice approach. This guide also helps organisations improve their existing systems and provide direction on how to do that. The implementation guide will not only provide information but a list of strategies, tactics and a to-do-list to work with.
In addition to this policy guide, short Grey Fleet engagements documents have been developed to assist with the uptake of Grey Fleet management practices within organisations. These include a set of Pre-Start Checklists, a flyer describing “what, why and who?”, and an information sheet on how to engagement stakeholders within your organisation. Furthermore, a supporting paper has been generated by Flinders University outlining the legal concerns.
The NRSPP look forward to the this document being used by organisations and the positive impact it will have on the industry.Full Tex
Characterization and treatment of grey water : option for (re)use
No full textAddressing the issues of water shortage and appropriate sanitation in Jordan, domestic grey water treatment receives growing interest. Grey water comprises the domestic wastewater flows excluding waters associated with the toilet. The topics of concern for grey water are its characteristics, treatment and potentials for use after treatment. The target of this thesis is to develop a concept for treating grey water on-site for agricultural usage, thus sustaining a recycling process of grey water in Jordan. A review was made regarding the currently available grey water treatment technologies. In addition, grey water was quantitatively and qualitatively characterized, and then grey water reuse requirements including treatment, were analyzed. Biodegradability and biodegradation rates of the grey water were investigated for selecting appropriate design and operation criteria of the treatment technology to be developed. A low-tech semi-technical scale treatment system was tested to treat grey water discharges from a dormitory at the Jordan University campus. The treatment system was evaluated on obtained removal efficiencies and conformity of the effluent to the guidelines for the use of reclaimed water for irrigation in Jordan. Finally, the objectives, approaches and the results of each chapter are summarized, and then both the results and the potential of applying decentralised sanitation and reuse (DeSaR) concepts in Jordan are discussed. Results show that storage and treatment are prerequisites for any type of grey water use. Grey water is aerobically and anaerobically biodegradable but the conversion rates are low. The core of the treatment concept consists of an integrated storage and anaerobic treatment unit, fed with a natural influent flow pattern, in a down-flow mode, up to a one day operational cycle, i.e. a variable HRT ≤ 24 hours. The second step consists of an aerobic post-treatment, mechanically aerated in a down-flow mode and a one day operational cycle, i.e. 24 hours HRT. Both units need insulation in the winter period. The final effluent, stable in winter and summer, meets the Jordanian standard, except for the pathogens, for usage in restricted irrigation. The achievable treatment efficiency for the CODtot is 44% in the anaerobic unit and 70% in the combined anaerobic-aerobic, unlike the high anaerobic and aerobic biodegradability in batch experiments, viz. 70 and 86%, respectively. The highest removal efficiency achieved was for the CODss fraction, viz. 71% in the anaerobic and 85% in the combined system. Therefore, it is expected that the CODtot removal efficiency of the system can be improved, by enhancing the CODcol and CODdis, removal, i.e. applying filtration and/or adding chemicals such as adsorbents, coagulants and/or flocculants to the treatment units. <br/
Assessing grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) diet in western Scotland
No full textGrey seal diet was last comprehensively studied in western Scotland in 1985. Since then, the grey seal population has increased by approximately 30% and relative abundance of fish stocks in the area has changed markedly. The aim of this study was to provide a current assessment of diet to inform policy issues related to the impact of the still increasing grey seal population on commercial fish populations. During 2002, nine sampling trips totalling 56 days were completed around western Scotland, resulting in the collection of 1,589 grey seal scats. Forty-nine prey species were recorded in these samples revealing that grey seals on the west coast of Scotland remain highly catholic in their diet. Seasonal and regional variation in diet composition was assessed and the annual consumption of commercial fish species estimated. Proportions, by weight, of prey species indicated that gadoids were the main prey. Sandeels were also an important component of the diet. Comparisons between 1985 and 2002 revealed many similarities in diet composition but declines in the importance of sandeels, ling and megrim were balanced by increases in haddock, lemon sole, pelagic species and several benthic species. Changes in the size of fish stocks partially explain some of these changes. One exception is cod, which, despite very low abundance in 2002, formed a significant part of grey seal diet in western Scotland. Results from this study highlight the need for better methods for assessing absolute stock abundances for ‘critical’ fish species west of Scotland. Reducing the uncertainty over estimates of grey seal population size would also improve consumption estimates. The results from this study will be important to conservation and fisheries managers in Scotland
Hypogena cryptica Grey & Smith 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Hypogena cryptica</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1, 21, 22)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 73FFCE8E-60F7-48E9-ADF8-8A89CEA814BA</p> <p> <i>Type Material</i>: HOLOTYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Norte / 9 mi NNW Rosarito / X-5-1983 / D. Faulkner & / F. Andrews ”; (b) “Under leaves on / stalk of dead / <i>Agave shawii</i> ”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21889”; (d) “ HOLOTYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). Designated here. PARA- TYPES (5 males, 8 female) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Sur, Santa Inez Dam/ 8 mi. NE Todos Santos / X-10-83/ F. G. Andrews k”; (b) “Under bark of dead <i>Bursura microphylla</i> ”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (d) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21594-21603, 21782, 21798, 21803. (CSCA). PARATYPES (6 males, 1 female) labeled: (a) “ Todos Santos,/ L. Cal. VII-15-38”; (b) ”Michelbacher&/Ross Collectors”; (c) “tricornis/ Determined by/ FEBlaisdell”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (e) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 20772-20774, 20782-20785 (CSCA). PARATYPES (4 males) labeled: (a) “ Todos Santos,/ L. Cal. VII-15-38”; (b) ”Michelbacher&/Ross Collectors”; (c) “tricornis/ Determined by/ FEBlaisdell”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (e) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21793-21796. (CASC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “Santiago,/ L. Cal. VII-8-38”; (b) “Michelbacher&,/ Ross Collectors”; (c) “tricornis/ Determined by/ FEBlaisdell”; (d) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 20786”; (e) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020” (CSCA). PARATYPES (4 males, 4 females) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Calif. Sur. 3.6 mi NE Cabo San Lucas./ IX-29-1981 / F. Andrews & D.Faulkner ”; (b) “Collected under bark of standing dead “Torote” <i>Bursera microphylla</i> ”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (c) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21783- 21789, 21891. (CSCA). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Calif. Sur. 3.6 mi NE Cabo San Lucas./ IX-29-1981 / F. Andrews & D.Faulkner ”; (b) “Collected under bark of standing dead “Torote” <i>Bursera microphylla</i> ”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (d) Tenebrionid Base number: 21797;. (RLAC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “AZ: Pima Co. / Tucson / July 25, 2007 / Eric Eaton coll.”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21810”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (DMNS). PARATYPES (3 male) labeled: (a) “AZ: Pima Co. / Tucson / July 27, 2007 / Eric Eaton coll.”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (b) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21790-21792. (DMNS). PARATYPES (4 males, 1 female) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Norte / 7.7 mi NNW Rosarito / X-4-1983 / D. Faulkner & / F. An- drews”; (b) “Under leaves on / stalk of dead / <i>Agave shawii</i> ”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”; (d) Tenebrionid Base numbers: 21799-21802, 21890. (CSCA). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ MEX: Baja Norte / 9 mi NNW Rosarito / X-5-1983 / D. Faulkner & / F. Andrews ”; (b) “Under leaves on / stalk of dead / <i>Agave shawii</i> ”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21809”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “Mex.:Baja Calif. Sur/ 1.5 mi. east of San / Jorge. 24.VII.1971 / H.G Real & R.E.Main / In decaying Cardón”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21804”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ Mexico: Baja California / Sur. Ramal naranjos rd./ 2.9 mi W Highway 1,650’/ IX-1-1990 F. Andrews / T. Eichlin & A. Gilbert ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21805”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ 5 mi S./ Miraflores,/ L Cal. VII-10-38”; (b) “Michelbacher &/ Ross Collectors”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21806”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ 5 mi. W San Bartolo / L. Cal. VII-13-1938 ”; (b) “Michelbacher & Ross Coll.”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21807”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ MEXICO: S. L. P.,/ 12 mi S Cu. Mante / VI-21-1975 ”; (b) “under bark/ DS Chandler”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21808”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (UCDC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ Colossal Cave / Park. Arizona/ 8.4.1970 ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21811”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NMNH). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “Needles Cal./ XI-27-21/ J.A Kusche / Collector”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21812”; (c) “PARA- TYPE/ <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NHMB). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ GUATEMALA:/ Nueva Concepcion/ 50’. VIII-17-63/ D.Q. Cavagnaro / & M.E. Irwin / collectors”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21813”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ARIZ: Pima Co. / Avra Valley #1/ Mar. 29, 1972 JCS”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21814”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “FtGrant/ 14.7 Ar”; (b) “CollHubbard/ &Schwarz” (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21815”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NMNH). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “FtYuma/ 9.4 Ar”; (b) “CollHubbard/ &Schwarz”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21816”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NMNH). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ San Bernardino Co. / Needles Cal./ X-14-61”; (b) “ A. Hardy Coll. ”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21817”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ MEX: B.Calif. / 4.5 mi.NE.of/ Los Planes / 21-XII-1958 ”; (b) “ H.B.Leech / Collector”; (c) “Ex dead/ <i>Bursera sp</i>.”; (d) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21818”; (e) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ Venedio / Sinaloa Mex./ VI-10-1918 ”; (b) “Van Dyke/ Collection; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21819”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “CALIF: Imperial CO. / Algodones Dunes, 7miSE/ Glamis 32°,55’,20”N/ 114°, 59’, 14”W Site 4/ V-1to15-1979” (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21820”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “El Zapotal, 2 mi. S./ Tux.Gutierrez, Chias/ MEX. VII-12-57”; (b) “ J.A Chemsak / B.J Rannells / Collectors”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21821”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (EMEC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “ 8 mi E Concordia / Sin. Mex./ VIII-23-69/ J.Doyen ”; (b) “ Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21822”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CASC). PARA- TYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ Indio / Riverside Co. / Cal VIII-6-1963 ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21823”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) MEX: S. L. Potosi / Tamazunchale, 18/ mi. SW. VIII-2-53”; (b) “ J. Doyen / Collector”; (c) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21824”; (d) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (EMEC). PARA- TYPE (male) labeled: (a) ” Mexico: Baja/ California Sur/ 16 km N. Tropic of / Cancer, Near/ Santiago/ 9 November 1981 / W. E. Steiner ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21825”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (NMNH). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ Lago Catemaco Vera / Cruz MEXICO / VIII-20-1965 / A.R.Gillogly ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21826”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypo- gena/ cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (RLAC). PARATYPE (female) labeled: (a) “Blythe Cal./ X-8-1945 ”; (b) “InQuar from/ Providence RI”; (c) “Collected from/ soil”; (d) “Cal.Dept.Agr./ No. BL45J19”; (e) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21827”; (f) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ Arizona, St. Catalina / Mts., Molino Basin / Oct. 13 1974 / K. Stephan leg.”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21828”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (FSCA). PARATYPE (male) labeled: (a) “ MEX. San Felipe / Baja Calif / III-26-1963 / G.I. Stage ”; (b) “Tenebrionid Base / Aaron D. Smith / Catalog # 21892”; (c) “ PARATYPE / <i>Hypogena / cryptica /</i> Grey & Smith, 2020”. (CSCA). (See Fig. 21).</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>: This species is similar in size and shape to <i>H. brasilica</i>. The horns are also similar to <i>H. brasilica</i> by having a short clypeal horn and long supraorbital horns that point inward toward each other. The hypomeron and prosternum not having long, gold/yellow setae distinguish this species from <i>H. brasilica</i>. The mesepisternum is also not scalloped as in <i>H. brasilica</i>. Finally, in this species the coarse punctures are not primarily concentrated on the lateral portions of the pronotum, rather they are spread out across the pronotum (Fig. 21).</p> <p> <i>Description</i>: Male. Size: 8—11 mm; 3—4 mm.</p> <p>Head. Distance between cardo and eye less than width of cardo (34:1). Clypeal horn short, conical (4:1; 5:0); twice as wide, at base, as one supraorbital horn (7:2); produced forward (8:0); finely punctate (9:1). Supraorbital horns long, thin and slightly bent inwards (11:1; 12:1); produced perpendicular to head (13:1); not bent anteriorly (14:0); finely punctate (15:1). Antennae not forming club (17:0). Antennae with stellate sensoria (22:0). Third antennomere equal in size to fourth and more than 1.5 times size of second (18:0; 19:2). Vertex and frons with punctures smaller than eye facets (26:1; 28:1). Gena not extending laterally past eye (36:0). Clypeus is pointed in middle (29:2). Mentum trapezoidal and densely setose (40:0; 41:1). Groove on mandible present and continuing to connection point on cranium (44:1). Labrum fully setose (39:1).</p> <p>Thorax. Pronotum punctures biordinal in size (54:1). Coarse punctures numerous and spread evenly across pronotum (57:2). From lateral view, pronotum not arched (58:0); disc flat (60:1). Anterior edge of pronotum reaching middle of eye, but not past eye (63:1). Lateral margins of pronotum subparallel (61:1). Margins of pronotum expanded wider than diameter of one coarse puncture (62:2). Hypomeron laterally rugulose (75:2). Mesepisternum punctate; punctures smaller than eye facets and separated by one or less than one diameter (71:1). Mesepisternum not pubescent (73:0). Prosternum punctate and not pubescent (66:0); punctures smaller than eye facets (67:1), puncturing separated by less than one diameter (68:1). Prosternal process not continuing past posterior edge of pronotum (69:0). Elytra striae present and punctate (46:1); punctures shallow (47:1); separated by less than one diameter (48:0). Elytral interstices convex (49:1); punctures equal to or smaller than one fourth size of strial punctures (50:1); punctures separated by more than one diameter (51:1).</p> <p>Abdomen. All abdominal segments densely punctate; first three visible abdominal segments coarsely punctate (89:0; 90:0; 91:0); fourth and fifth visible abdominal segments finely punctate; punctures separated by less than one diameter. Abdominal sternites not setose (94:0). Legs. Tarsi pubescent. Cuticular outgrowths present on proximal two tarsomeres (86:1). Tibiae with two apical spurs (85:1). On lateral edge of protibia, seven or more socketed spines present on distal third (81:1; 82:0). All tibiae and femurs setose along entire length.</p> <p>Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Cuticle on intraocular space narrowly raised near eye (23:1). Intraocular space impinging on eye (24:1). Puncturing on vertex as large as or larger than eye facets (25:2). Clypeus with punctures smaller than eye facets and spread evenly across clypeus (31:1; 32:2). Anterior edge of clypeus flat but corners are rounded (30:1). Clypeus tumid (33:1).</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i> (Fig. 22): Mexico (Baja California, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Baja California Sur), USA (Arizona, California), Guatemala.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>: The specific epithet <i>cryptica</i> is a reference to the similarity that this species bears to <i>H. brasilica</i>. It is feminine.</p>Published as part of <i>Grey, Luna & Smith, Aaron D., 2020, A matrix-based revision of the genus Hypogena Dejean, 1834 (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae), pp. 201-258 in Zootaxa 4780 (2)</i> on pages 230-233, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4780.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3842368">http://zenodo.org/record/3842368</a>
Information System for NGO Libraries in Pakistan: A Proposed Model for Organizing the Grey Literature by Syed Attaullah Shah and Humera Ilhaq
No full textAbstract
In recent years, especially in developed countries, various systems have been created to advance the management and organization of grey literature. Such systems use the latest communication technology and electronic and digital resources, and have developed huge networking systems to distribute and mange grey literature. Because of the scarcity of a global standardized organization system for grey literature and often limited access to computer technology, however, awareness of existence and access to grey literature is still seriously lacking, particularly in developing countries. Based on a survey of selected Pakistani NGOs from various sectors, this study proposes a new model. This paper explains the current usage patterns of grey literature in Pakistani organizations, then assesses their needs and resources for grey literature and finally recommends anew standardized model for organizing grey literature in the developing world. In this model a separate subject and classification scheme to control various types of grey literature, a shelving arrangement system and a networking system have been introduce
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