100,733 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Estudo comparativo entre os metodos de estimativa da idade ossea de Greulich & Pyle e Tanner & Witehouse
No full textOrientador: Francisco Haiter NetoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se os métodos de estimativa da idade óssea de GREULICH & PYLE e TANNER & WHITEHOUSE, utilizando radiografias de mão e punho, poderiam ser aplicados à população brasileira, e qual destes métodos seria o mais confiável, quando comparados à idade cronológica do indivíduo. A amostra estudada constituiu-se de 16.0 indivíduos pré-escolares e escolares brasileiros, leucodermas, residentes na cidade de Piracicaba, São
Paulo, de ambos os sexos, com idades variando de 6 anos e 10 meses a 14 anos e 9 meses, divididos em 16 faixas etárias e por sexo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram-nos concluir que, mesmo tendo sido propostos para populações diferentes da população em estudo, os métodos de estimativa da idade óssea de GREULICH & PYLE e TAN NER & WHITEHOUSE, apresentaram altas correlações, quando comparados com a idade cronológica. Ainda, foram estabelecidos fatores
de correção, de modo à tomá-los aplicáveis à população em estudoAbstract: The purpose of this study was to verify whether the GREULICH & PYLE and T ANNER & WHITEHOUSE methods for estimating skeletal age, using hand and wrist radiographs, could be applied for the brazilian population; and which of tl;1ese two methods could be considered more reliable when compared to the chronological age of the individuals.
One hundred sixty pre schoolers and school aged, leucoderms, brazilians, living in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo, of both sexes, with ages between 6 years, 10 months and 14 years, 9 months; alI subdivided in 16 age and sex groups.
The results obtained, allowed us to conclud that the GREULICH & I PYLE and T ANNER & WHITEHOUSE methods for estimating skeletal age, presented high interrelations when compared with chronological age of individuals. Correction factors were established to make these methods applied to brazilian populationMestradoRadiologiaMestre em Ciência
Intra-cellular traffic: bio-molecular motors on filamentary tracks
No full text89.20.-a Interdisciplinary applications of physics, 89.75.-k Complex systems,
The effects of weekly augmentation therapy in patients with PiZZ α1-antitrypsin deficiency
No full textST Schmid,1 J Koepke,1 M Dresel,1 A Hattesohl,1 E Frenzel,2 J Perez,3 DA Lomas,4 E Miranda,5 T Greulich,1 S Noeske,1 M Wencker,6 H Teschler,6 C Vogelmeier,1 S Janciauskiene,2,* AR Koczulla1,*1Department of Internal Medicine, Division for Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany; 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; 3Department of Cellular Biology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain; 4Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 5Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; 6Department of Pneumology, West German Lung Clinic, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany*These authors contributed equally to this workBackground: The major concept behind augmentation therapy with human α1-antitrypsin (AAT) is to raise the levels of AAT in patients with protease inhibitor phenotype ZZ (Glu342Lys)-inherited AAT deficiency and to protect lung tissues from proteolysis and progression of emphysema.Objective: To evaluate the short-term effects of augmentation therapy (Prolastin®) on plasma levels of AAT, C-reactive protein, and chemokines/cytokines.Materials and methods: Serum and exhaled breath condensate were collected from individuals with protease inhibitor phenotype ZZ AAT deficiency-related emphysema (n = 12) on the first, third, and seventh day after the infusion of intravenous Prolastin. Concentrations of total and polymeric AAT, interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and C-reactive protein were determined. Blood neutrophils and primary epithelial cells were also exposed to Prolastin (1 mg/mL).Results: There were significant fluctuations in serum (but not in exhaled breath condensate) levels of AAT polymers, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor- α, and vascular endothelial growth factor within a week of augmentation therapy. In general, augmented individuals had higher AAT and lower serum levels of IL-8 than nonaugmented subjects. Prolastin added for 3 hours to neutrophils from protease inhibitor phenotype ZZ individuals in vitro reduced IL-8 release but showed no effect on cytokine/chemokine release from human bronchial epithelial cells.Conclusion: Within a week, augmentation with Prolastin induced fluctuations in serum levels of AAT polymers and cytokine/chemokines but specifically lowered IL-8 levels. It remains to be determined whether these effects are related to the Prolastin preparation per se or to the therapeutic efficacy of augmentation with AAT.Keywords: Prolastin, augmentation therapy, cytokines, IL-8, exhaled breath condensate, neutrophil
Hippolyte d'Albis, Angela Greulich, Grégory Ponthière, Avoir un enfant plus tard. Enjeux sociodémographiques du report des naissances
No full textPartant de l’observation du fait stylisé selon lequel « chaque année, l’âge moyen des mères augmente » (p. 13) en France, Hippolyte d’Albis, Angela Greulich et Grégory Ponthière proposent une analyse économique du calendrier des naissances de plusieurs pays européens, avec un focus particulier sur les cas français et allemands. Ils tentent ainsi de répondre aux questions suivantes : le report des naissances va-t-il de pair avec une fécondité basse ? En d’autres termes, le tempo (moment auquel..
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency – Diagnostic testing and disease awareness in Germany and Italy
No full textSummaryBackgroundAlpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, although largely under-diagnosed, is the underlying cause of approximately 1% of COPD cases. Lack of awareness leads to long delays in diagnostic testing. Subsequently, lifestyle and treatment choices with potentially positive effects on prognosis may be postponed.MethodsData on the testing and diagnostic practices for AAT deficiency were derived from the University of Pavia, Italy, and the University of Marburg, Germany. In addition, a survey of physicians was undertaken to explore their awareness and attitudes toward AAT deficiency.ResultsIn Pavia and Marburg, 125 and 729 patients, respectively, were identified with severe AAT deficiency between July 2006 and June 2011. The median time interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 11; range, 0–40) and 7 years (IQR, 13; range, 0–73), respectively. Augmentation therapy was initiated almost immediately in Germany while treatment was delayed by 3 months in Italy (IQR, 5.25; range, 1–118). Survey data (Italy, n = 181; Germany, n = 180) revealed that pulmonologists had greater knowledge of AAT deficiency than internists and general practitioners, however, overall, only 18–25% of physicians tested all COPD patients. One-third of the respondents stated that they “sometimes” offered augmentation therapy to patients diagnosed with AAT deficiency.ConclusionsMajor obstacles to AAT deficiency testing are physicians' attitudes and lack of understanding of the condition. A greater adherence to the guidelines that recommend diagnostic testing of all COPD patients, coupled with simpler testing protocols, may decrease delays and positively impact patient outcomes
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
New patient-centric approaches to the management of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
No full textAlpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare and underdiagnosed genetic predisposition for COPD and emphysema and other conditions, including liver disease. Although there have been improvements in terms of awareness of AATD and understanding of its treatment in recent years, current challenges center on optimizing detection and management of patients with AATD, and improving access to intravenous (IV) AAT therapy – the only available pharmacological intervention that can slow disease progression. However, as an orphan disease with geographically dispersed patients, international cooperation is essential to address these issues. To achieve this, new European initiatives in the form of the European Reference Network for Rare Lung Diseases (ERN-LUNG) and the European Alpha-1 Research Collaboration (EARCO) have been established. These organizations are striving to address the current challenges in AATD, and provide a new platform for future research efforts in AATD. The first objectives of ERN-LUNG are to establish a quality control program for European AATD laboratories and create a disease management program for AATD, following the success of such programs in the United States. The main purpose of EARCO is to create a pan-European registry, with the aim of understanding the natural history of the disease and supporting the development of new treatment modalities in AATD and access to AAT therapy. Going further, other patient-centric initiatives involve improving the convenience of intravenous AAT therapy infusions through extended-interval dosing and self-administration. The present review will discuss the implementation of these initiatives and their potential contribution to the optimization of patient care in AATD
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