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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Probing single molecules and binding networks
Get PDFBiologische Prozesse haben sich im Lauf der Zeit aus den Interaktionen einzelnerMoleküle zur Orchestrierung ganzer Organismen entwickelt. Biophysikalische Messplattformen fördern das Wissen über jeden dieser Schritte und werden dabei helfen die unterschiedlichen Aspekte zu vereinen. In dieser Arbeit wurden zwei quantitative Methoden für die Biophysik entwickelt. Beide repräsentieren Instanzen, die an den verschiedenen Enden des Spektrums sitzen: Die Untersuchung einzelner Moleküle und die Charakterisierung von Bindungsnetzwerken.
In der Literatur wurde reflektierende Lichtscheibenmikroskopie verwendet, um die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften der freien 3D-Abbildung und die Empfindlichkeit zum Detektieren einzelner Moleküle zu kombinieren. Die Technik verwendet einen Spiegel, der das Lichtblatt auf die Brennebene des Erfassungsobjektivs reflektiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein fixiertes Mikroprisma eingeführt, das die Verwendung von Objektiven mit hoher numerischer Apertur erlaubt und die optische Ausrichtung vereinfacht. Gemeinsam wurden einzelne 10 kDa Dextran-Alexa647 Moleküle tief im Drosophila Embryo im Spätstadium etwa 80 µm über dem Deckglas aufgenommen. Die Detektion und Verfolgung auf der multizellulären Ebene zeigte unterschiedliche Verhaltensweisen, die stark mit dem jeweiligen Ort korrelierten. Während im Perivitellin-Raum Brownsche Bewegung nachgewiesen werden konnte, wurde ein aktiver Transport in einzelnen Zellen der Epidermis beobachtet. Durch komplementäre Beobachtungen mit Rab5-GFP wurde der aktive Transport von Vesikeln dem endosomalen Transport zugeschrieben. Der Nachweis von Einzelmolekülen auf der multizelluläre Ebene bei verschiedenen Probentiefen ermöglicht und fördert die Untersuchung ihrer Rolle wie der Bindung von DNA als Transkriptionsfaktoren.
Die Bildung supramolekularer Komplexe findet sich in vielen biologischen Systemen und ist die Grundlage für kooperatives Verhalten. Zu diesemZweck wurde eine Strategie als zweites Projekt entwickelt, um die Affinität von Molekülen in komplexen Bindungsnetzwerken zu untersuchen. Unter Verwendung des Prinzips der Thermophorese wurde eine Hochdurchsatz-Plattform entworfen, um Affinitäten in kleinen Volumina von 500 nL und standardisierten 1536 Microplatten zu messen. Die Plattform ermöglichte die thermodynamische Aufklärung eines heterotrimeren DNA-Komplexes, der die Struktur und topologische Eigenschaft biologischer Systeme widerspiegelt. Jeder intermediäre Bindungszustand wurde gleichzeitig mit einem einzigen Fluoreszenzfarbstoff untersucht. Durch systematische Basenpaar-Variationen wurde eine gekoppelte Bindung zwischen scheinbar unabhängigen Bindungsstellen gefunden, die aus der Struktur des Drei-Wege-Übergangs hervorgeht.
Zusammen zeigen die beiden Projekte komplementäre biophysikalische Methoden und geben Einblicke in die Einzelmolekül-Diffusivität auf multizellulärer Ebene und der Bildung von Komplexen auf molekularer Ebene.Biological processes have evolved from the simple interaction of two molecules to the orchestration of entire organisms. Biophysical measurement platforms advance the knowledge about each of these fields and help to eventually combine all the pieces. In this work, the different aspects of biology were tackled with two newly developed quantitative methods for biophysics. Both represent instances sitting at the different ends of the spectrum: the investigation of single molecules and the characterization of binding networks.
In literature, reflective light-sheet microscopy was employed to combine the beneficial attributes of free 3D imaging and the sensitivity to detect single molecules. The technique employs a mirror that reflects the light sheet onto the focal plane of the detection objective in order to selectively excite the sample. In this work, a fixed micro prism with reflective surface allowed to employ high numerical aperture objectives while keeping the optical alignment procedure at a minimum. Together, single 10 kDa Dextran-Alexa647 molecules were recorded deep in the late-stage Drosophila embryo roughly 80 µm above the cover slip surface. The detection and tracking on the multi-cellular scale revealed different behaviors that strongly correlated with the respective location. While Brownian motion was detected in the perivitelline space, active transportation was observed in individual cells of the epidermis. With complementary experiments using Rab5-GFP, the active transportation of vesicles was attributed to endosomal trafficking. The detection of single molecules on the multi-cellular scale at different sample depths enables and fosters to study their role such as transcription factor binding to DNA.
The formation of supramolecular complexes is found in many biological systems and is the basis for cooperative behavior. To this end, a strategy was developed as second project to probe the affinity of molecules in complex binding networks. Using the principle of thermophoresis, a high-throughput platform was designed to measure affinities in small volumes of 500 nL and standard 1,536 well plates. The platform enabled to elucidate the thermodynamic properties of a heterotrimeric DNA complex that portrays the structure and topological property of biological systems. Each intermediate binding state was probed simultaneously with one single fluorescent dye. Through systematic base pair variations, a coupled binding between seemingly independent binding sites was found to arise from the structure of the three-way junction. In conclusion, the thermodynamic characterization of arbitrary binding networks improves the basic understanding of relevant processes such as self-assembly and complex formation.
Together, the two projects present complementary biophysical methods and give insight into the single molecule diffusivity on the multi-cellular level and the formation of supramolecular complexes on the molecular one
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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