178,481 research outputs found
Contract Enforcement and Institutions among the Maghribi Traders: Refuting Edwards and Ogilvie
No full textEdwards and Ogilvie (2008) dispute the empirical basis for the view (Greif, e.g., 1989, 1994, 2006) that multilateral reputation mechanism mitigated agency problems among the eleventh-century Maghribi traders. They assert that the relations among merchants and agents were law-based. This paper refutes this assertion using quantitative and documentary evidence thereby vindicating the position that the legal system had a marginal role in mitigating agency problems in long-distance trade in this historical era.** Edwards and Ogilvie constantly present legal actions in non-trade related legal cases as evidence for a reliance on the legal system for matters pertaining to long-distance trade. Their criticism of Greif’s documentary analysis also fails scrutiny. The claim that merchants' relations with their overseas agents were law-based is wrong. This paper is based on quantitative analyses of the corpuses containing the hundreds of documents on which the literature relies and a careful review of the documents and the literature Edwards and Ogilvie cite. Their assertion is shown to be based on unrepresentative and irrelevant examples, an inaccurate description of the literature, and a consistent misreading of the few sources they consulted. In particular, their examples for the use of the court are mainly taken from mandatory legal procedures associated with sorting out the assets and liabilities of deceased traders’ estates. Such examples do not support the claim that agency relations were law-based. The quantitative analysis reveals that empirical basis for the multilateral reputation view is stronger than originally perceived. This paper also sheds light on the roles of the legal system and reputation mechanism during this period.
Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 81-213-886: Greif Brothers Corporation: Niagara Falls, New York
No full textEnvironmental samples were analyzed for mirex (2385855) and lindane (58899) at Greif Brothers Corporation in Niagara Falls, New York on March 6, 1981. A representative of the United Steel Workers of America, Local 12256 requested the evaluation on behalf of an unspecified number of workers. Three samples of dust collected from horizontal surfaces in the facility failed to reveal any quantifiable amounts of mirex or lindane. The author concludes that a hazard from mirex and lindane exposure does not exist at this facility. [Description provided by NIOSH
Teaching airway teachers: a post-course quantitative and qualitative survey
No full textBackground: Airway management is a crucial skill for many clinicians. Besides mastering the technical skills of establishing a patent airway, human factors including leadership and team collaboration are essential. Teaching these human factors is often challenging for instructors who lack dedicated training. Therefore, the European Airway Management Society (EAMS) developed the Teach-the-Airway-Teacher (TAT) course. Methods: This online post-course survey of TAT-course participants 2013–2021 investigated the impact of the TAT-course and the status of airway management teaching in Europe. Twenty-eight questions e-mailed to participants (using SurveyMonkey) assessed the courses’ strengths and possible improvements. It covered participants’ and workplace details; after TAT-course considerations; and specifics of local airway teaching. Data were assessed using Excel and R. Results: Fifty-six percent (119/213) of TAT-participants answered the survey. Most were anaesthetists (84%), working in university level hospitals (76%). Seventy-five percent changed their airway teaching in some way, but 20% changed it entirely. The major identified limitation to airway teaching in their departments was “lack of dedicated resources” (63%), and the most important educational topic was “Teaching non-technical skills” (70%). “Lecturing “ was considered less important (37%). Most surveyed anaesthesia departments lack a standardized airway teaching rotation. Twenty-one percent of TAT-participants rated their departmental level of airway teaching overall as inadequate. Conclusions: This survey shows that the TAT-course purpose was successfully fulfilled, as most TAT-course participants changed their airway teaching approach and did obtain the EAMS-certificate. The feedback provided will guide future TAT-course improvements to advance and promote a comprehensive approach to teaching airway management
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mobile phone systems to alert citizens as first responders and to locate automated external defibrillators: A European survey
No full text„Riot – warum denn riot? Gibt es keinen deutschen Begriff dafür?“
No full textFür s u b \ u r b a n sprach Philippe Greif mit dem französischen Politikwissenschaftler Dr. Fabien Jobard über den Begriff riot, städtische Gewalt
und Konfliktlinien im aktuellen Forschungsstand zu diesen Themen. Fabien Jobard ist Directeur de recherche am Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) und derzeit als Gastforscher am Zentrum Marc Bloch in Berlin. Zu seinen Forschungsschwerpunkten gehören die Soziologie der Polizei und die Rechtsprechung. Zusammen mit David Waddington und Mike King ist er Herausgeber des 2013 erschienenen Sammelbandes Rioting in the UK and France. A comparative analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Single Cell Analysis by Native UV Laser Induced Fluorescence Detection in a PDMS Microfluidic Chip
No full textGreif D, Anselmetti D, Ros R. Single Cell Analysis by Native UV Laser Induced Fluorescence Detection in a PDMS Microfluidic Chip. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences 2007 (µTAS 2007). Conference Proceedings on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences (µTAS). Paris, France: The Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society (CBMS); 2007: 176-178
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
