1,720,967 research outputs found
Positionen in der umweltgenetischen Debatte über transgene Nutzpflanzen
Full text linkThe ongoing debate on the use of transgenic crops in agriculture and its possible ecological consequences is well into its third decade. Within this debate, three moral positions can be identified that rest upon different theories of normative ethics:
a consequentialist, a deontological and a virtue ethical position. Although the debate cannot be fully resolved, a closer examination of the functions of the different moral positions is warranted in order to find constructive approaches for managing the controversy. Such an examination could contribute to a more objective debate on the use of transgenic crops. As a first step
to achieve this goal the author develops criteria for ethical decision-making that integrate the different moral positions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Die ökologische Debatte über gentechnisch veränderte Pflanzen in der Schweizer Landwirtschaft
Full text linkDem Einsatz gentechnisch veränderter Pflanzen in der Landwirtschaft, der sogenannten Grünen Gentechnik, wird in der Schweizer Öffentlichkeit mit grosser Skepsis begegnet. Im Vordergrund stehen ökologische Bedenken, dass sich beispielsweise gentechnisch veränderte Pflanzen mit verwandten Wildarten auskreuzen und in der Umwelt ausbreiten oder sich unerwartete Effekte auf Nichtziel-Organismen einstellen können. Insbesondere negative Aus- wirkungen auf die natürliche Biodiversität und die Agrobiodiversität werden von der Schweizer Öffentlichkeit befürchtet. Angesichts der möglichen Risiken wird ein sorgfältiger Umgang mit dieser neuen Technologie angemahnt. Neben Risikobedenken gibt es in der ökologischen Debatte in der Schweiz auch grundsätzliche Vorbehalte gegenüber der Gentechnik, die als ein unnatürlicher Eingriff oder eine Verletzung der «Würde der Pflanze» angesehen wird. Um die facettenreiche Debatte in der Schweiz zur Grünen Gentechnik besser zu verstehen, lohnt sich ein genauerer Blick auf die verschiedenen Argumentationstypen, die sich beobachten lassen. Diese können drei wichtigen Theorien der Moralphilosophie zugeordnet werden: dem Konsequentialismus, der Deontologie und der Tugendethik
Landwirtschaft im Spannungsfeld zwischen Natürlichkeit und Künstlichkeit
No full textThis paper seeks to distil the underlying tensions between naturalness and artificiality in the field of agriculture. In this context, the concept of naturalness is often understood and employed in a normative sense. Yet while biotechnological agriculture is often seen as artificial and organic farming is perceived as natural, both practices can lead to ethically questionable consequences: naturalness is not in itself morally good. Instead, agricultural use should be judged according to the extent to which the spatiotemporal order of nature is disturbed in ways beneficial to mankind. In order to establish sustainable agriculture as a desirable goal in this sense, one may refer to God's biblical instruction in the Book of Genesis: God, who determines the framework for the use of nature created by Him, did not give the reign of the earth into the hands of man so that he may subdue (Gen 1:28) by exploiting it, but in order for him to preserve and guard it (Gen 2:15
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