9 research outputs found
Diagnostics and self-diagnostics as resources of implementation of the competent approach to professional education
No full textThe author of the article discusses the problems of implementing a competence approach to vocational education from the standpoint of the value-goal priorities of advanced education. The main attention is drawn to the ways of diagnosing the results of professional and personal development of students and the importance of self-diagnosisОбсуждаются проблемы реализации компетентностного подхода к профессиональному образованию с позиций ценностно-целевых приоритетов опережающего образования. Основное внимание обращается на способы диагностики результатов профессионально-личностного развития студентов и значение самодиагностик
Diagnostics and self-diagnostics as resources of implementation of the competent approach to professional education
No full textThe author of the article discusses the problems of implementing a competence approach to vocational education from the standpoint of the value-goal priorities of advanced education. The main attention is drawn to the ways of diagnosing the results of professional and personal development of students and the importance of self-diagnosisОбсуждаются проблемы реализации компетентностного подхода к профессиональному образованию с позиций ценностно-целевых приоритетов опережающего образования. Основное внимание обращается на способы диагностики результатов профессионально-личностного развития студентов и значение самодиагностик
An efficient synthesis of hexahydro oxaisoindolo[2,1-a]quinoline derivatives via the Diels-Alder reactions
No full textKouznetsov, V.V. (reprint author), Univ Talca, Inst Quim Recursos Nat, Lab Sintesis Organ, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.he straight forward synthesis of new carboxylic acids with hexahydro-oxaisoindolo[2.1-a]quinoline core from the 2,4-disustituted 1,2,3,4-tetrallydroquinolines bearing a furan fragment via the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction has been proposed. It was demonstrated that synthesis of key precursors can be realized with excellent level of diastereoselectivity either by imino-Diels-Alder reaction or multi-component condensation approach
Unraveling the selective antibacterial activity and chemical composition of citrus essential oils
No full textPost-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is an often disease affecting piglets. It is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) colonization in pig gut. Antibiotics has been used to prevent, combat and control PWD and its negative impact on the productivity of pig breeding sector. Nonetheless, antibiotics due to their wide antibacterial spectrum also can reach beneficial gut bacteria, such as Lactobacillus. Lately, essential oils (EOs) have emerged as a potential alternative to using antibiotics in animal breeding because of their effect on bacterial growth. Commonly, citrus EOs are by-products of food industry and the availability of these EOs in the worldwide market is huge. Thus, six commercials citrus EOs were evaluated on ETEC strains, as model of pathogenic bacteria, and on Lactobacillus species, as models of beneficial bacteria. In overall, citrus EOs exhibited a selective antibacterial activity with higher effect on pathogenic bacteria (ETECs) than beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus). Brazilian orange terpenes (BOT) oil presented the highest selective performance and caused higher disturbances on the normal growth kinetic of ETEC than on Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The action was dose-dependent on the maximal culture density (A) and the lag phase duration (λ) of the ETEC. The highest sub-inhibitory concentration (0.925 mg/mL) extended the λ duration to ETEC eight times (14.6 h) and reduced A in 55.9%. For L. rhamnosus, the λ duration was only extended 1.6 times. Despite the fact that limonene was detected as the major compound, the selective antibacterial activity of the citrus EOs could not be exclusively attributed to limonene since the presence of minor compounds could be implicated in conferring this feature. © 2019, The Author(s).Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy
Counter-current chromatography for the separation of terpenoids: A comprehensive review with respect to the solvent systems employed
No full textCopyright @ 2014 The Authors.This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.Natural products extracts are commonly highly complex mixtures of active compounds and consequently their purification becomes a particularly challenging task. The development of a purification protocol to extract a single active component from the many hundreds that are often present in the mixture is something that can take months or even years to achieve, thus it is important for the natural product chemist to have, at their disposal, a broad range of diverse purification techniques. Counter-current chromatography (CCC) is one such separation technique utilising two immiscible phases, one as the stationary phase (retained in a spinning coil by centrifugal forces) and the second as the mobile phase. The method benefits from a number of advantages when compared with the more traditional liquid-solid separation methods, such as no irreversible adsorption, total recovery of the injected sample, minimal tailing of peaks, low risk of sample denaturation, the ability to accept particulates, and a low solvent consumption. The selection of an appropriate two-phase solvent system is critical to the running of CCC since this is both the mobile and the stationary phase of the system. However, this is also by far the most time consuming aspect of the technique and the one that most inhibits its general take-up. In recent years, numerous natural product purifications have been published using CCC from almost every country across the globe. Many of these papers are devoted to terpenoids-one of the most diverse groups. Naturally occurring terpenoids provide opportunities to discover new drugs but many of them are available at very low levels in nature and a huge number of them still remain unexplored. The collective knowledge on performing successful CCC separations of terpenoids has been gathered and reviewed by the authors, in order to create a comprehensive document that will be of great assistance in performing future purifications. © 2014 The Author(s)
Identificación de la actividad biológica del aceite esencial l. Alba en los diferentes sectores de la industria, mediante revisión sistemática durante el periodo de 1990 a 2018
No full text80 pThe Lippia alba, is an aromatic plant, commonly known as prontoalivio in Colombia, of great interest in the national and international market for its various uses especially as an essential oil. In order to identify the perspectives of application of essential oils (AE) of Lippia alba (Mill.) In the productive sectors of the Cesar department, an exploratory review of its registered biological activity was carried out from 1990 to October 2018.
The methodology included the search of literature in the EBSCO, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo and Lilacs databases. of which was obtained as a result that among the most outstanding researchers are: Bernardo Baldisserotto as the most prolific author with 11 publications, the federal university of Santa Maria stood out as the most relevant institution in number of publications (21), followed by the industrial university of Santander (9), the university of Cartagena (7) and the federal university of Ceará (6), countries such as Brazil (60.5%), Colombia (25.2%) and India (6.2%); They stood out for their research linked to the biomedical sector (46.2%) and industrial (37.3%) mainly; in which they used microorganisms, fish, arthropods, small mammals, and cell lines fundamentally, evaluated by the contact method and with positive results in oils extracted by hydrodistillation (55.3%) and steam distillation (18, 4%) as the most frequent techniques.
The biological activity of the EA was associated with Carvona (30.2%) and linalool (23.6%), in relation to its antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antioxidant and sedative effects, among others. E. coli was identified as a microorganism highly sensitive to EA of L. alba. The biotechnological articulation of AE of L. alba suggests research focused on the fishing, agrifood and public health industries.La Lippia alba, es una planta aromática, comúnmente conocida como prontoalivio en Colombia, de gran interés en el mercado nacional e internacional por su diversos usos en especial como aceite esencial. Con el objetivo de identificar las perspectivas de aplicación de los aceites esenciales (AE) de Lippia alba (Mill.) en los sectores productivos del departamento del cesar, se realizó una revisión exploratoria de su actividad biológica registrada desde 1990 hasta octubre de 2018.
La metodología comprendió la búsqueda de literatura en las bases de datos EBSCO, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo y Lilacs. de los cuales se obtuvo como resultado que dentro de los investigadores más destacados se encuentran: Bernardo Baldisserotto como autor más prolífico con 11 publicaciones, la universidad federal de Santa María se destacó como la institución más relevante en número de publicaciones (21), seguida de la universidad industrial de Santander (9) universidad de Cartagena (7) y la universidad federal do Ceará (6), países como Brasil (60,5%), Colombia (25,2%) e India (6,2%); se destacaron por sus investigaciones ligadas al sector biomédico (46,2%) e industrial (37,3%) principalmente; en las cuales utilizaron microorganismos, peces, artrópodos, pequeños mamíferos, y líneas celulares fundamentalmente, evaluados por el método de contacto y con resultados positivos en aceites extraídos mediante la técnica hidrodestilación (55,3%) y destilación con arrastre de vapor (18,4%) como técnicas de mayor frecuencia.
La actividad biológica del AE se asoció a Carvona (30,2%) y linalool (23,6%), en relación sus efectos antibacterial, antifúngica, citotóxico, antioxidante y sedante entre otras. La articulación biotecnológica de AE de L. alba sugiere investigación enfocada en las industrias pesquera, agroalimentaria y salud pública.RESUMEN 14
ABSTRACT 15
INTRODUCCIÓN 16
1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 18
1.1. DESCRIPCIÓN 18
1.1.1 Formulación del problema 20
1.2. JUSTIFICACION 20
2. OBJETIVOS 23
2.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL 23
2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 23
3. MARCO TEÓRICO 24
3.1. ANTECEDENTES 24
3.2. BASES TEÓRICAS 27
3.2.1. Bioprospección y uso de la biodiversidad 27
3.2.2. Género Lippia 28
3.2.3. Aceites esenciales 28
3.2.4. Usos y propiedades terapéuticas de Lippia alba 29
3.2.5. Revisión sistemática 30
3.2.6. Protocolo PRISMA 30
5. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 32
5.1 CLASIFICACION DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 32
5.2. HERRAMIENTAS METODOLÓGICAS 32
5.3. POBLACIÓN DE ESTUDIO Y MUESTRA 32
5.4. CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN 32
5.5. CRITERIOS DE EXCLUSIÓN 32
5.4. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO 34
5.4.1 Fase I: Planeación 34
5.4.2 Fase II. Búsqueda de información 34
5.4.3 Fase III Depuración, Convalidación, y procesamiento de registros y análisis de resultados 34
6. RESULTADOS 36
7. DISCUSIÓN 55
7.1 REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA 55
7.2 TENDENCIAS DE APLICACIÓN DE AE Lippia alba A Nivel Nacional 59
8. CONCLUSIONES 61
9. RECOMENDACIONES 62
10. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS 63
ANEXOS 78Ej. 1PregradoBacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínic
Description of Electrocardiographic Findings in Domestic Dogs Diagnosed With Trypanosomiasis in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga
No full textDigitalTítulo
Descripción de los Hallazgos Electrocardiográficos en Perros Domésticos con Diagnóstico de Tripanosomiasis en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga
Autor
Jossie Antonia Lamus Pinzón
Palabras Clave
Electrocardiograma, Endémica, Hallazgos, Insecto, Metazoonosis
Descripción
La enfermedad de Chagas (ECh) es una enfermedad zoonótica causada por el protozoario Trypanosoma cruzi de la familia Trypanosomatidae, también conocida como tripanosomiasis americana, considerada una enfermedad silenciosa y desatendida. Es una enfermedad con alto riesgo de mortalidad por lo que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 2021 consideró que de 6 a 7 millones de individuos a nivel mundial se encuentran infectados por T. cruzi, ubicándose principalmente en zonas endémicas de 21 países latinoamericanos. Está clasificada como metazoonosis, la transmisión se multiplica en sólo el lapso de incubación en sus diversos reservorios como zarigüeyas, humanos, monos, zorros, hasta murciélagos (Sánchez A., 2019).
El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar e interpretar los hallazgos electrocardiográficos en perros domésticos con diagnóstico de tripanosomiasis en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga, para lo cual, se aplica una investigación de tipo descriptivo y transversal que incluye una fase de revisión bibliográfica y asesorías profesionales universitarias, seguida de la aplicación del estudio de campo en la clínica veterinaria de la Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, donde se recibieron pacientes en consulta, con valoración médica y toma de electrocardiograma, finalmente se realiza una evaluación de las alteraciones encontradas y las posibles patologías relacionadas.
Los resultados se presentan al final del documento, se discute la significancia para cada paciente, la asociación de arritmias, consideraciones relativas a isquemias miocárdicas, bloqueos auriculo-ventriculares, entre otros. Cabe mencionar que pese a ser seropositivos a T. cruzi, el 14.3% de los pacientes no presentaron alteración en el electrocardiograma. Finalmente, es importante promover chequeos de control en pacientes que padecen la infección para controlar su avance y desarrollar el rol del médico veterinario en la mejora de la salud pública.
Como citar este documento: Lamus Pinzón, J.A. (2023). Descripción de los Hallazgos Electrocardiográficos en Perros Domésticos con Diagnóstico de Tripanosomiasis en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. (Trabajo de Grado, Universidad de Santander). Repositorio Digital.Summary
Title
Description of Electrocardiographic Findings in Domestic Dogs Diagnosed With Trypanosomiasis in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga
Author
Jossie Antonia Lamus Pinzón
Key Words
Electrocardiogram, Endemic, Findings Insect, Metazoonosis.
Abstract
Chagas disease (CHD) is a zoonotic disease caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi protozoan of the Trypanosomatidae family, also known as American trypanosomiasis, considered a silent and neglected disease. It is a disease with a high risk of mortality, which is why the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021 considered that 6 to 7 million individuals worldwide are infected with T. cruzi, located mainly in endemic areas of 21 countries in Latin America. It is classified as metazoonosis, whose transmission multiplies in just the incubation period in its various reservoirs such as opossums, humans, monkeys, foxes, even bats (Sánchez, 2019).
Identify and interpret the electrocardiographic findings in domestic dogs diagnosed with trypanosomiasis in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area is the main goal of this paper. A descriptive and cross-sectional investigation is applied that includes a bibliographic review phase and professional university consultancies, followed by the application of the field study in the veterinary clinic of the University of Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, where patients were received in consultation, with medical evaluation and electrocardiogram taking, finally an evaluation of the alterations found and the possible related pathologies was developed.
The results are presented at the end of the document, the significance for each patient, the association of arrhythmias, considerations related to myocardial ischemia, atrioventricular blocks, among others, are discussed. It is worth mentioning that despite being seropositive to T. cruzi, 14.3% of the patients did not present alterations in the electrocardiogram. Finally, it is important to promote control check-ups in patients suffering from the infection to control its progress and develop the role of the veterinarian in improving public health.
How to cite this document: Lamus Pinzón, J.A. (2023). Description of Electrocardiographic Findings in Domestic Dogs Diagnosed with Trypanosomiasis in the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area. (Thesis, University of Santander). Digital RepositoryIntroducción 19
Planteamiento del Problema 21
Descripción del Problema 21
Pregunta de Investigación 22
Justificación 23
Objetivos 26
Objetivo General 26
Objetivos Específicos 26
Marco Referencial 27
Marco Teórico 27
Agente Etiológico 27
Enfermedad 27
Fases de la Patogenia 29
Epidemiologia 31
Distribución Geográfica 31
Ciclo de Transmisión 37
Ciclo en Zonas Urbanas.. 38
Ciclo en Zona Rural.. 38
Vías de Trasmisión 39
Transmisión Vectorial. 40
Transmisión Oral.. 40
Transmisión Transfusional. 40
Transmisión en Laboratorio.. 40
Transmisión Vertical.. 41
Tratamiento 41
Prevención y Control 42
Exploración Cardiológica 43
Electrocardiograma 43
Papel del Electrocardiograma. 44
Conducción Eléctrica 44
Morfología de las Ondas 45
Onda P. 47
Segmento P-R.. 47
Intervalo PR 48
Complejo QRS 48
Intervalo Q-T 48
Segmento ST 48
Onda T 48
Hallazgos en el Electrocardiograma 49
Arritmia Sinusal. 50
Hipercalemia 50
Hipocalemia 50
Hipoxia Miocárdica (por Posible Cardiopatía Isquémica). 50
Bloqueo Auriculo Ventricular 50
Agrandamiento de Ventrículos 50
Marco Contextual 51
Metodología 52
Tipo de Estudio 52
Población y Muestra 52
Población 52
Muestra 52
Criterios de Inclusión y Exclusión 52
Inclusión 52
Exclusión 52
Procedimientos 53
Examen Clínico 53
Análisis Estadístico 57
Consideraciones Éticas 57
Resultados 59
Discusión 66
Conclusiones 72
Recomendaciones 74
Referencias Bibliográficas 75
Apéndices 82PregradoMédico Veterinari
Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: A subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial
No full textBackground: In the ARISTOTLE trial, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was reduced by apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients with AF and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) have a high risk of stroke. We therefore aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin in prespecified subgroups of patients with and without previous stroke or TIA. Methods: Between Dec 19, 2006, and April 2, 2010, patients were enrolled in the ARISTOTLE trial at 1034 clinical sites in 39 countries. 18 201 patients with AF or atrial flutter were randomly assigned to receive apixaban 5 mg twice daily or warfarin (target international normalised ratio 2·0-3·0). The median duration of follow-up was 1·8 years (IQR 1·4-2·3). The primary efficacy outcome was stroke or systemic embolism, analysed by intention to treat. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding in the on-treatment population. All participants, investigators, and sponsors were masked to treatment assignments. In this subgroup analysis, we estimated event rates and used Cox models to compare outcomes in patients with and without previous stroke or TIA. The ARISTOTLE trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NTC00412984. Findings: Of the trial population, 3436 (19%) had a previous stroke or TIA. In the subgroup of patients with previous stroke or TIA, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 2·46 per 100 patient-years of follow-up in the apixaban group and 3·24 in the warfarin group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·76, 95% CI 0·56 to 1·03); in the subgroup of patients without previous stroke or TIA, the rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 1·01 per 100 patient-years of follow-up with apixaban and 1·23 with warfarin (HR 0·82, 95% CI 0·65 to 1·03; p for interaction=0·71). The absolute reduction in the rate of stroke and systemic embolism with apixaban versus warfarin was 0·77 per 100 patient-years of follow-up (95% CI -0·08 to 1·63) in patients with and 0·22 (-0·03 to 0·47) in those without previous stroke or TIA. The difference in major bleeding with apixaban compared with warfarin was 1·07 per 100 patient-years (95% CI 0·09-2·04) in patients with and 0·93 (0·54-1·32) in those without previous stroke or TIA. Interpretation: The effects of apixaban versus warfarin were consistent in patients with AF with and without previous stroke or TIA. Owing to the higher risk of these outcomes in patients with previous stroke or TIA, the absolute benefits of apixaban might be greater in this population. Funding: Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd
Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
No full textBACKGROUND: Vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation but have several limitations. Apixaban is a novel oral direct factor Xa inhibitor that has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke in a similar population in comparison with aspirin. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind trial, we compared apixaban (at a dose of 5 mg twice daily) with warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.0 to 3.0) in 18,201 patients with atrial fibrillation and at least one additional risk factor for stroke. The primary outcome was ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. The trial was designed to test for noninferiority, with key secondary objectives of testing for superiority with respect to the primary outcome and to the rates of major bleeding and death from any cause. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 1.8 years. The rate of the primary outcome was 1.27% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 1.60% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio with apixaban, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.95; P<0.001 for noninferiority; P = 0.01 for superiority). The rate of major bleeding was 2.13% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 3.09% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.80; P<0.001), and the rates of death from any cause were 3.52% and 3.94%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.99; P = 0.047). The rate of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.24% per year in the apixaban group, as compared with 0.47% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.75; P<0.001), and the rate of ischemic or uncertain type of stroke was 0.97% per year in the apixaban group and 1.05% per year in the warfarin group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.13; P = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with atrial fibrillation, apixaban was superior to warfarin in preventing stroke or systemic embolism, caused less bleeding, and resulted in lower mortality. Copyright © 2011 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved
