92,680 research outputs found
The Marshall Islands : history, culture and communication
No full text"Draft: Not for Quotation, Citation or Reproduction without Permission of Author."For more about the East-West Center, see https://www.eastwestcenter.org/Policy decisions about communication system resources are an important part of controlled development in any society. Informed decisions are better made with a thorough understanding of the society's existing patterns of communication and their interrelationship with political, social and economic factors in historical context. This paper will present a concise historical overview of Marshallese culture. The purpose is to provide the essential background, based on existing literature, for future field research projects that will explore communication behavior.I. INTRODUCTION -- II, GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY AND EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION. Geography -- History -- Relocations (Bikini-Enewetak-Rongelap. Kwajalein) -- III. ETHNOGRAPHY. Traditional Economy. Political Organization, Social Organization and Land Tenure (Kinship. The Social Effects of Relocation). Events of the Life Cycle. Interpersonal Communication. Religion. Education -- IV. MODERN COMMUNICATION. Newspapers -- Television -- Cinema -- Radio -- Two-Way Communication -- Satellite Communication -- Modern, External Communication in the Marshalls -- Transportation -- APPENDIX I: Marshallese kinship terms
Western Samoa and American Samoa : history, culture and communication
No full text"Draft: not for quotation, citation or reproduction without permission of author"--t.p.For more about the East-West Center, see https://www.eastwestcenter.org/Informed decisions on implementation of new communication systems are better made with a thorough understanding of the society's existing patterns of communication and their interrelationship with political, social and economic factors in historical context. This paper provides necessary background information for both Western Samoa and American Samoa based on the existing literature. It is a first step in providing essential information for future field research projects that will explore communication behavior.Introduction -- Geography, history and external communication in Samoa -- Ethnography -- Symbolic communication -- Modern communication in Samoa
The great tabu : a half century of population and family planning communication
No full text"This project was supported by the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development, AID/csd-1059."For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/The author discusses the tabus on contraceptive and sex-related communication that have been common throughout history up to the present. He traces the development of the birth control movement and shows how, in order to gain legitimacy, Margaret Sanger and other early leaders had to drop their stress on female, sexual, and social liberation and to "desexualize" family planning communications. As a result, the emphasis in birth control messages shifted from sexual consequences to social benefits, thereby making family planning acceptable to the medical profession and the eugenicists. Because Western ideology has dominated the international planned parenthood and population planning movement, current family planning communications, worldwide, reflect these Western attitudes toward sex and reproduction. The author discusses current problems in family planning communications including the quality of family planning communication personnel, the small percent of family planning budgets devoted to communications, the lack of good, useful communications research, the agro-communication bias that assumes the ideal communication strategy for family planning is interpersonal communication, and the myth that communicating family planning is more difficult than communicating new ideas in other sectors of development. The author concludes by speculating on the future of population communications
Conferences and meetings as a communication technique
No full text"This project was supported by the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development, AID/csd-1059."For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/The author examines the extent to which conferences and meetings have been involved in the development of the population/family planning field and particularly in the development of communication as a component of population/family planning programs. Significant international, regional and problem-oriented meetings that have taken place during the last decade are reviewed in terms of their purpose, subject matter, sponsorship, and impact on world awareness and national policies and programs. Topics covered include the roles of various agencies and organizations which organize and fund conferences related to population communication, conferences with and for the mass media, conferences and meetings as components of specific projects, and the development of meetings on the national level. A detailed case study of a conference is presented to show how conferences are planned, conducted and evaluated, and to identify desirable and undesirable aspects of conference management. The author concludes by taking an overall look at conferences and identifying their positive elements and their major shortcomings, by presenting guidelines for conference planners and managers, and by assessing trends and alternatives for population/family planning conferences in the future.1. Introduction -- 2. Conference Varieties and Purposes -- 3. Some Important Conference Examples -- 4. Use of Commercial Resources Conference: A Case Study -- 5. Some Guidelines for Better Conferences -- 6. A Look Ahea
Donors and developers in population communication
No full text"This project was supported by the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development, AID/csd-1059."For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/This paper is a review of technical and economic assistance in the field of population and family planning communication. It traces the development of population-related assistance programs and describes the kinds of assistance available from the major donor agencies and technical assistance institutions for population and family planning communication. It discusses problems and issues of technical and economic assistance such as the impact of external funding on national goals and policies; the relationships between outside experts and national personnel; the cultural variations that support or hinder programs of technical assistance; and coordination among donors, action agencies, and national governments. The author assesses the impact of economic and technical assistance programs on national family planning programs and identifies trends and probable future developments in the assistance field.Introduction -- 1. Basic Issues of Development Assistance -- 2. Range of Population Communication Assistance -- 3. Impact of Economic and Technical Assistance -- 4. The Future of Population Communication
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
V-Mail
No full textAddress cover of a censored V-Mail letter from William Green, from "somewhere in France" to his mother in Lincoln, Nebraska, 1945
Handbook of Green Communication and Marketing
No full textThe global changes in the environment are becoming critical not only for the consumers but also for the managements across the globe. In this contemporary world, an ecological issue such as global warming interests both the marketing practitioners as well as the consumers. The green paradigm in communication and marketing is not simply another hype or buzz word, simply denotes all the activities intended to generate as well as facilitate any exchange in order to satisfy human needs such that satisfying these needs happen with the most minimal input on the environment. If we switch our attention from the shareholders to the stakeholders and think the world as limited and with limited resources, thinking green is not just an option but is the only option. Green becomes an umbrella term not only for ecologic aspect of communication and marketing but also for sustainability issues, ethics, social corporate responsibility, critical consumption, production and distribution. Technologies may have a crucial role in the going green process and gave huge opportunities the green marketing strategist. Thinking green has a strong ties with the technology evolution. Decreasing energy consumption, pollution and waste are key elements even for the rationalized process and for maximizing wealth and wellbeing
Population and development : requirements for rural communication strategy
No full text"This project was supported by the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development, AID/csd-1059."For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/This paper investigates the potential for increasing the effectiveness of rural family planning programs by strengthening their functional links with other areas of development: agriculture and rural development, health and nutrition, home economics and family life, and education. The author reviews a number of successful, integrated projects that have used innovative approaches to present population problems and solutions to them. He uses the models presented by these projects to suggest strategies for field activities such as working with village-level groups and with adult education programs. The paper concludes with a review of the requirements for an effective rural family planning program such as adequate information and materials for fieldworkers, training and backstopping for fieldworkers, involvement of rural workers in program planning and research projects, free flow of communication among all levels of the family planning program and with other development programs, and good relationships with members and groups within the rural community.1. Population and Development; Reflections on a Rural Communication Strategy -- 2. Conceptual and Operational Links between Population Communication and Other Development Disciplines -- 3. Problems of Fieldworkers and Fieldwork -- 4. Requirements in the Field
Training in communication for family planning : retrospect and prospects
No full text"This project was supported by the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development, AID/csd-1059."For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/This paper reviews the aims and purposes of communication training, tracing the evolution of training in family planning communications from the early stages of national program developments to the present. The author discusses training needs and the clientele of training programs including those involved in face-to-face communications, personnel responsible for integrating interpersonal and mass communications, mass media personnel, and specialists in the production of communications materials. Other topics covered include training for integrated family planning and development programs, national and regional training centers, university based/academic programs, the training of trainers, and training facilities. Examples of successful as well as nonsuccessful training programs are used to illustrate the many different aspects of population/family planning communications training. The author concludes with an assessment of recent developments and future prospects in the field.1. Growth and Development of Communications for Family Planning -- 2. Training Needs -- 3. Training Experience: Evolution of training in communications. Training of personnel involved in face-to-face communications. Training of personnel for integrated face-to-face and mass communications. Training of mass media personnel. Training of personnel in production of communications material. Training for communications in integrated family planning and development programs. Regional centers. University based/academic programs. Training of trainers -- 4. Prospects: Training facilities. Ends and means. Training of trainers. Evaluation
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