1,721,024 research outputs found
Esame TC nella displasia dell’anca del cane
No full textIntroduzione: scopo di questo lavoro è stata la messa a punto di un protocollo diagnostico di tomografia computerizzata (TC) per la valutazione della Displasia dell’anca del cane (DAC). Abbiamo paragonato due diversi posizionamenti del cane e definito quale tra gli indici morfometrici proposti in letteratura fosse più utile per valutare il grado di lassità dell’articolazione coxofemorale.
Materiali e metodi. Per valutare la possibile lussazione dorso-laterale della testa del femore, 13 cani risultati negativi al convenzionale esame Rx per la DAC sono stati sottoposti ad esame TC (GE Pace Plus), sia nel decubito dorsale con arti posteriori iperestesi (AI), sia nel decubito dorsale con arti perpendicolari al lettino (AP). Sugli studi tomografici sono state eseguite delle valutazioni qualitative sul grado di lassità evidenziabile nei due posizionamenti, e delle misurazioni morfometriche dell’articolazione coxo-femorale : Angolo della superficie lunata (AL), Angolo di copertura acetabolare (CA), angolo di ventro-versione acetabolare (AA). I valori delle misurazioni morfometriche ottenute nei due posizionamenti sono stati messi a confronto mediante il test statistico di ANOVA per evidenziare differenze significative tra i due decubiti.
Risultati e discussioni: Lassità articolare era evidente in 5/26 (19,2%) articolazioni coxo-femorali nelle scansioni eseguite su soggetto posizionato con gli arti posteriori iperestesi e in 15/26 (57,7%) articolazioni nelle scansioni eseguite su soggetto con arti posteriori perpendicolari. Nei soggetti considerati non displasici i valori erano: AI – CA = 11,3 (±2,4); AP - CA=11,5 (±5); AI-AL=13,6 (±5,3); AP-AL= 13,1 (±4,4); AI-AA = 26,7 (±5,2); AP-AA= 29,5 (±4,1). Nei soggetti displasici i valori erano: : AI – CEA = 3,9 (± 6); AP - CA= -7,1(±7,2); AI-AL=20,7 (±5,6); AP-AL= 21,3 (±5,7); AI-AA = 23,71 (±3,2); AP-AA= 24,3 (±3,9). Il test di ANOVA mostra una differenza statisticamente significativa tra le misure del CA nei soggetti displasici, e nei valori dell’AA nei soggetti considerati non displasici. I risultati del nostro studio dimostrano che il posizionamento in decubito dorsale con arti perpendicolari, è il migliore nell’evidenziare la lassità articolare nella DAC. Questo posizionamento è inoltre facile da attuare e non richiede particolari accorgimenti
Effect of left versus right recumbency on the vertebral heart score in normal dogs
No full textThe effect of right vs. left recumbency on computation of the vertebral heart score (VHS) was assessed in 63 healthy dogs. The VHS was significantly higher in right lateral recumbency (9.8±0.6 vs. 9.5±0.8; P<0.0004). Gender and dog size did not significantly influence VHS values while there was more difference between left and right side measurements when considering the type of thorax (P=0.055)
Ultrasound molecular imaging by targeted microbubble contrast agents
No full textUltrasound contrast agents are based on the physical resonating behavior of bubbles with diameter of few microns, microbubbles, when those undergone ultrasound beam. Microbubbles, once introduced in the body intravenously, increase the backscatter from blood improving contrast image such that the macro and micro-circulation can be both visualized in order to asses organ function and to characterize tumors vascolarity. Recently, phenomena associated to resonating microbubbles such as “cavitation”, “microstreaming” and “sonoporation” have suggested that ultrasound contrast agent may be induced, deliberately by the ultrasonographer, to interact with the endothelial cells and that the interaction may further be driven if microbubbles are specifically targeted for intravascular molecules: either by modifying the shell of microbubbles or by attaching on the shell specific ligands: i.e. peptides, proteins and antibody. This features have opened new scenarios since microbubbles can be seen, not only, as media to improve generically contrast vascular image, but also as media to record physiological process undergoing into the vascular constrain as well as to release a healing payload, carried by microbubbles, to the surrounding tissues. Therefore, ultrasound contrast media may further place ultrasonography among therapeutic modality as much as advances in ligands and bubbles biochemistry as well as advances in US probes technology will be provided. A concise overview of the current understandings on ultrasound contras media is hereafter presented
Description of a low‐cost picture archiving and communication system based on network‐attached storage
Get PDFHigh costs for installing, maintaining, and updating a standard picture archiving and communication system (PACS) can be prohibitive for small/medium‐sized veterinary facilities. The aims of this prospective, exploratory study were to describe the design, implementation, and author experiences for 1 year's use of a low‐cost PACS based on network‐attached storage. The system described here was easily installed and resiliently stored redundant copies of data. It excellently balanced data recovery, system speed, security, and available memory for storage. A virtual private network also allowed off‐site data review. This system can also be used for future off‐site backup of data in the cloud
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mice Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Care, Part II: Special Considerations for Preclinical ImagingStudies
No full textAnimal experiments are necessary for a better understanding of diseases and for developing new therapeutic strategies. The mouse (Mus musculus) is currently the most popular laboratory animal in biomedical research. Mice imaging procedures are increasingly
used in preclinical research because they allow in vivo monitoring and they are readily available for longitudinal and noninvasive
studies as well as investigations into the evolution of diseases and the effects of new therapies. New imaging techniques and
sophisticated laboratory animal imaging tools are currently producing a large body of evidence about the possible interference of
anesthesia with different imaging methods that have the potential to compromise the results of in vivo studies. The purpose of this
article is to review the existing literature on molecular imaging studies in mice, to describe the effects of different anesthetic protocols on their outcome, and to report our own experience with such studies
Evaluation of Growth Patterns and Body Composition in C57Bl/6J Mice Using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Get PDFThe normal growth pattern of female C57BL/6J mice, from 5 to 30 weeks of age, has been investigated in a longitudinal study. Weight, body surface area (BS), and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in forty mice. Lean mass and fat mass, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) were monitored by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Weight and BS increased linearly (16.15 ± 0.64-27.64 ± 1.42 g; 51.13 ± 0.74-79.57 ± 2.15 cm(2), P < 0.01), more markedly from 5 to 9 weeks of age (P < 0.001). BMD showed a peak at 17 weeks (0.0548 ± 0.0011 g/cm(2) ∗ m, P < 0.01). Lean mass showed an evident gain at 9 (15.8 ± 0.8 g, P < 0.001) and 25 weeks (20.5 ± 0.3 g, P < 0.01), like fat mass from 13 to 17 weeks (2.0 ± 0.4-3.6 ± 0.7 g, P < 0.01). BMI and lean mass index (LMI) reached the highest value at 21 weeks (3.57 ± 0.02-0.284 ± 0.010 g/cm(2), resp.), like fat mass index (FMI) at 17 weeks (0.057 ± 0.009 g/cm(2)) (P < 0.01). BMI, weight, and BS showed a moderate positive correlation (0.45-0.85) with lean mass from 5 to 21 weeks. Mixed linear models provided a good prediction for lean mass, fat mass, and BMD. This study may represent a baseline reference for a future comparison of wild-type C57BL/6J mice with models of altered growth
Pregnancy detection in mice using ultrasound
No full textDIAGNOSTIC ultrasound has been used in almost all medical
fields and is recognised as an increasingly important modality
in a variety of clinical situations. The mouse is currently the
most widely used animal in biomedical research (Marshall
2000). Diagnosis of pregnancy in experimental mice is possible
at 12 to 14 days gestation, when abdominal distension is
apparent. Mice with large litters may show distension slightly
earlier (Kaufman 1989). Diagnosis of pregnancy at 7·5 days in
experimental mice is currently performed by direct inspection
of the uterine horns after laparotomy, with no routine
utilisation of imaging techniques.
The embryonic mouse is a ubiquitous model of mammalian
development, due to the obvious benefits of a short gestation
cycle, and genetic homologies with developmental genes
in other mammals. Such models should yield further insight
into the mechanisms responsible for human developmental
and disease processes. Most previous investigations of the gestation
period in the mouse have been invasive in nature
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