1,720,958 research outputs found
Pemphigus vulgaris: etiopathogenesis, clinical picture and current therapy
No full textPemphigus vulgaris je rijetka, kronična vezikulobulozna bolest koja nastaje kao posljedica proizvodnje autoantitijela protiv dezmogleina 1 i 3. To je autoimuni poremećaj višeslojnog pločastog epitela posredovan imunoglobulinom G te obilježen vezikulama, bulama i erozijama uzrokovanim akantolizom. Vulgarni pemfigus je najrašireniji i najteži oblik pemfigusa, a obično zahvaća ljude u dobi između 40 i 60 godina. Početak i napredovanje bolesti određeni su složenim međudjelovanjem predodređujućih i poticajnih čimbenika. Nasljedna sklonost ima poligensku osnovu, te, iako je neophodna, nije dovoljna za pokretanje autoimunog mehanizma. Poticajni vanjski i unutarnji čimbenici poput uzimanja lijekova, virusnih infekcija, fizikalnih čimbenika, prehrane i stresa presudni su u pokretanju bolesti. U većini slučajeva, vulgarni pemfigus počinje iznimno bolnim erozijama epitela oralne sluznice. Mlohave kožne bule koje se javljaju u više od polovice pacijenata s vremenom se pretvore u secernirajuće erozije na eritematoznoj koži. Kožne erozije obično bivaju prekrivene krustama te zacjeljuju bez ostavljanja ožiljaka. Klinička varijanta, poznata kao pemphigus vegetans, svojstvena je po razvoju vegetirajućih lezija u dubokim naborima kože. Patohistološka analiza, kao i direktna imunofluorescencija i serološki testovi, mogu potvrditi kliničku sumnju. Sustavni kortikosteroidi, često u kombinaciji s imunosupresivnim adjuvansima kao što su mikofenolat mofetil, azatioprin i anti-CD20 monoklonsko antitijelo rituksimab, trenutna su prva linija liječenja vulgarnog pemfigusa. Bolest obično obilježava kronično-relapsirajući tijek, s mogućim razornim posljedicama po kvalitetu života bolesnika.Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare, chronic vesiculobullous disease brought on by the development of autoantibodies against desmogleins 1 and 3. It is an immunoglobulin G-mediated autoimmune disorder of stratified squamous epithelia characterised by vesicles, bullae and erosions caused by acantholysis. Pemphigus vulgaris is the most prevalent and severe type of pemphigus, and it typically affects people between the ages of 40 and 60. Its onset and progression are determined by a complex interplay of predisposing and inducing factors. Hereditary susceptibility has a polygenic foundation, and, while necessary, is insufficient to start the autoimmune mechanism. Inducing external and internal factors such as medication intake, viral infections, physical agents, nutrition and stress appear to be crucial in initiating the disease. In most cases, pemphigus vulgaris begins with excruciatingly painful erosions of the oral mucosa. The flaccid cutaneous bullae that more than half of the patients experience eventually turn into oozing erosions on erythematous skin. Cutaneous erosions typically are covered with crusts and heal without leaving scars. A clinical variation known as pemphigus vegetans is characterised by the development of vegetating lesions in the deep skin creases. Histopathological analysis, as well as direct immunofluorescence studies and serological testing, can corroborate clinical suspicion. Systemic corticosteroids, frequently coupled with immunosuppressive adjuvants like mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, are the current first-line therapy for pemphigus vulgaris. The illness typically follows a chronic-relapsing pattern, with possibly devastating consequences for the patients' quality of life
Pemphigus vulgaris: etiopathogenesis, clinical picture and current therapy
No full textPemphigus vulgaris je rijetka, kronična vezikulobulozna bolest koja nastaje kao posljedica proizvodnje autoantitijela protiv dezmogleina 1 i 3. To je autoimuni poremećaj višeslojnog pločastog epitela posredovan imunoglobulinom G te obilježen vezikulama, bulama i erozijama uzrokovanim akantolizom. Vulgarni pemfigus je najrašireniji i najteži oblik pemfigusa, a obično zahvaća ljude u dobi između 40 i 60 godina. Početak i napredovanje bolesti određeni su složenim međudjelovanjem predodređujućih i poticajnih čimbenika. Nasljedna sklonost ima poligensku osnovu, te, iako je neophodna, nije dovoljna za pokretanje autoimunog mehanizma. Poticajni vanjski i unutarnji čimbenici poput uzimanja lijekova, virusnih infekcija, fizikalnih čimbenika, prehrane i stresa presudni su u pokretanju bolesti. U većini slučajeva, vulgarni pemfigus počinje iznimno bolnim erozijama epitela oralne sluznice. Mlohave kožne bule koje se javljaju u više od polovice pacijenata s vremenom se pretvore u secernirajuće erozije na eritematoznoj koži. Kožne erozije obično bivaju prekrivene krustama te zacjeljuju bez ostavljanja ožiljaka. Klinička varijanta, poznata kao pemphigus vegetans, svojstvena je po razvoju vegetirajućih lezija u dubokim naborima kože. Patohistološka analiza, kao i direktna imunofluorescencija i serološki testovi, mogu potvrditi kliničku sumnju. Sustavni kortikosteroidi, često u kombinaciji s imunosupresivnim adjuvansima kao što su mikofenolat mofetil, azatioprin i anti-CD20 monoklonsko antitijelo rituksimab, trenutna su prva linija liječenja vulgarnog pemfigusa. Bolest obično obilježava kronično-relapsirajući tijek, s mogućim razornim posljedicama po kvalitetu života bolesnika.Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare, chronic vesiculobullous disease brought on by the development of autoantibodies against desmogleins 1 and 3. It is an immunoglobulin G-mediated autoimmune disorder of stratified squamous epithelia characterised by vesicles, bullae and erosions caused by acantholysis. Pemphigus vulgaris is the most prevalent and severe type of pemphigus, and it typically affects people between the ages of 40 and 60. Its onset and progression are determined by a complex interplay of predisposing and inducing factors. Hereditary susceptibility has a polygenic foundation, and, while necessary, is insufficient to start the autoimmune mechanism. Inducing external and internal factors such as medication intake, viral infections, physical agents, nutrition and stress appear to be crucial in initiating the disease. In most cases, pemphigus vulgaris begins with excruciatingly painful erosions of the oral mucosa. The flaccid cutaneous bullae that more than half of the patients experience eventually turn into oozing erosions on erythematous skin. Cutaneous erosions typically are covered with crusts and heal without leaving scars. A clinical variation known as pemphigus vegetans is characterised by the development of vegetating lesions in the deep skin creases. Histopathological analysis, as well as direct immunofluorescence studies and serological testing, can corroborate clinical suspicion. Systemic corticosteroids, frequently coupled with immunosuppressive adjuvants like mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, are the current first-line therapy for pemphigus vulgaris. The illness typically follows a chronic-relapsing pattern, with possibly devastating consequences for the patients' quality of life
Pemphigus vulgaris: etiopathogenesis, clinical picture and current therapy
No full textPemphigus vulgaris je rijetka, kronična vezikulobulozna bolest koja nastaje kao posljedica proizvodnje autoantitijela protiv dezmogleina 1 i 3. To je autoimuni poremećaj višeslojnog pločastog epitela posredovan imunoglobulinom G te obilježen vezikulama, bulama i erozijama uzrokovanim akantolizom. Vulgarni pemfigus je najrašireniji i najteži oblik pemfigusa, a obično zahvaća ljude u dobi između 40 i 60 godina. Početak i napredovanje bolesti određeni su složenim međudjelovanjem predodređujućih i poticajnih čimbenika. Nasljedna sklonost ima poligensku osnovu, te, iako je neophodna, nije dovoljna za pokretanje autoimunog mehanizma. Poticajni vanjski i unutarnji čimbenici poput uzimanja lijekova, virusnih infekcija, fizikalnih čimbenika, prehrane i stresa presudni su u pokretanju bolesti. U većini slučajeva, vulgarni pemfigus počinje iznimno bolnim erozijama epitela oralne sluznice. Mlohave kožne bule koje se javljaju u više od polovice pacijenata s vremenom se pretvore u secernirajuće erozije na eritematoznoj koži. Kožne erozije obično bivaju prekrivene krustama te zacjeljuju bez ostavljanja ožiljaka. Klinička varijanta, poznata kao pemphigus vegetans, svojstvena je po razvoju vegetirajućih lezija u dubokim naborima kože. Patohistološka analiza, kao i direktna imunofluorescencija i serološki testovi, mogu potvrditi kliničku sumnju. Sustavni kortikosteroidi, često u kombinaciji s imunosupresivnim adjuvansima kao što su mikofenolat mofetil, azatioprin i anti-CD20 monoklonsko antitijelo rituksimab, trenutna su prva linija liječenja vulgarnog pemfigusa. Bolest obično obilježava kronično-relapsirajući tijek, s mogućim razornim posljedicama po kvalitetu života bolesnika.Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare, chronic vesiculobullous disease brought on by the development of autoantibodies against desmogleins 1 and 3. It is an immunoglobulin G-mediated autoimmune disorder of stratified squamous epithelia characterised by vesicles, bullae and erosions caused by acantholysis. Pemphigus vulgaris is the most prevalent and severe type of pemphigus, and it typically affects people between the ages of 40 and 60. Its onset and progression are determined by a complex interplay of predisposing and inducing factors. Hereditary susceptibility has a polygenic foundation, and, while necessary, is insufficient to start the autoimmune mechanism. Inducing external and internal factors such as medication intake, viral infections, physical agents, nutrition and stress appear to be crucial in initiating the disease. In most cases, pemphigus vulgaris begins with excruciatingly painful erosions of the oral mucosa. The flaccid cutaneous bullae that more than half of the patients experience eventually turn into oozing erosions on erythematous skin. Cutaneous erosions typically are covered with crusts and heal without leaving scars. A clinical variation known as pemphigus vegetans is characterised by the development of vegetating lesions in the deep skin creases. Histopathological analysis, as well as direct immunofluorescence studies and serological testing, can corroborate clinical suspicion. Systemic corticosteroids, frequently coupled with immunosuppressive adjuvants like mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, are the current first-line therapy for pemphigus vulgaris. The illness typically follows a chronic-relapsing pattern, with possibly devastating consequences for the patients' quality of life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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