1,770 research outputs found
Innovation and Productivity in Latin American and Caribbean Firms: Conclusions
No full textThis chapter summarizes the main results of the book, presenting new evidence on the factors preventing faster productivity growth in Latin America and the Caribbean. Innovation significantly influences the productivity of firms, although to different degrees depending on their characteristics. The evidence confirms that the impact of innovation on productivity depends also on additional complementary assets, such as access and use of ICT and on-the-job training. These conclusions also hold true for the Caribbean economies, traditionally understudied. Additional factors that can influence productivity have also been detected, such as the age of firms, their access to credit and finance, and their participation in international markets and global value chains. On the basis of this evidence, we suggest that achieving efficiency improvements within firms requires detailed microeconomic policies that directly address these factors
Determinants of Enterprise Performance in Latin America and the Caribbean: What Does the Micro Evidence Tell Us?
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International linkages, value-added trade, and firm productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean
No full textThis chapter addresses the following research questions: (i) Are firms characterized by international linkages more productive than other firms? (ii) Are those belonging to industries more involved in GVCs even more productive? To this end, we combine the World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset with the new OECD-WTO TiVA dataset and present three main empirical exercises: (1) an analysis of productivity premia associated with participation in international trade and presence of inward FDI; (2) a Cobb-Douglas output function expanded to firms’ international linkages; (3) a further expanded version of the above relationship including the TiVA-based indicators of value added trade and industry participation and position in the global value chain. Our empirical outcomes confirm the presence of a positive causal relationship between participation in international activities and firm performance in the LAC region. Focusing on four big Latin American countries we show that the actual level of involvement into GVCs matters as well
The regulation of fdi in Latin America and the Caribbean: what impact on host countries?
No full textForeign direct investment (FDI) inflows have been an important capital source in Latin America over the past decades. This paper analyzes different regulation models for FDI in the region and discusses the factors which affect the choice of the level of regulation. We address the issue of identyfying a first-best regulatory framework in order to maximize benefits for the host country, in terms of attracting flows that contribute to development
Aplicaciones tecnológicas como factores de cambio en la regulación del servicio público de transporte individual de pasajeros con veejiculs tipo rxi. Casio de esrido o Bogotá
No full textEn el presente trabajo observará como desde el año 2011, con el ingreso del App Uber, la prestación del servicio público de transporte individual de pasajeros con vehículos tipo taxi ha sufrido grandes cambios, generando modificaciones en el esquema y el ingreso de nuevos actores quienes tienen la posibilidad de cobrar tarifas sin tener en cuenta lo contemplado en la regulación de estructura de costos y metodología tarifaria. Ejemplo de lo anterior es que, en uso de la plataforma tecnológica tanto vehículos especiales (blancos) como los particulares pueden prestar el servicio que en principio solo podrían hacer los taxis y cobrar una tarifa diferente a la señalada por la autoridad competente. A su vez, el regulador se enfrenta ante un gran desafío consistente en incorporar
iIn 2011, Uber became part of utility taxis Service, since then the regulatory framework has changed due to the new agents can provide the Service and are able to charge a fee without takin in account the cost structure implemented by the policy maker. An example of this is that prívate and special vehicles can provide public Service and charge fees different from the official ones. At the the same time, the policy-maker is faced with the challenge of adopting elements of sharing economic theory in order to make policies according to the new market dynamics
Social Capital and Growth in Brazilian Municipalities
No full textSeveral authors (Coleman, 1990; Putnam, 1993; Fukuyama, 1995) highlight that social capital could affect economic performance of a country through a number of channels. Empirical evidence backs these theories, finding a positive relationship between growth, efficiency and the level of trust. Nonetheless, previous analyses focus on a single country or develop a cross-country dimension: we contribute to this literature by investigating the role of social capital at a sub national level. We choose to focus on a country characterized by large disparities, Brazil, and we investigate the relationship between economic growth and social capital over the period 2000-2003, at the municipal level. We derive a number of social capital indicators from official data, and analyse them by means of factor component analysis. Overall, we find evidence of a positive relationship between social capital and income per capita growth
Aplicaciones tecnológicas como factores de cambio en la regulación del servicio público de transporte individual de pasajeros con vehículos tipo rxi. Caso de estudio : Bogotá
Get PDFEn el presente trabajo observará como desde el año 2011, con el ingreso del App Uber, la prestación del servicio público de transporte individual de pasajeros con vehículos tipo taxi ha sufrido grandes cambios, generando modificaciones en el esquema y el ingreso de nuevos actores quienes tienen la posibilidad de cobrar tarifas sin tener en cuenta lo contemplado en la regulación de estructura de costos y metodología tarifaria. Ejemplo de lo anterior es que, en uso de la plataforma tecnológica tanto vehículos especiales (blancos) como los particulares pueden prestar el servicio que en principio solo podrían hacer los taxis y cobrar una tarifa diferente a la señalada por la autoridad competente. A su vez, el regulador se enfrenta ante un gran desafío consistente en incorporar
iIn 2011, Uber became part of utility taxis Service, since then the regulatory framework has changed due to the new agents can provide the Service and are able to charge a fee without takin in account the cost structure implemented by the policy maker. An example of this is that prívate and special vehicles can provide public Service and charge fees different from the official ones. At the the same time, the policy-maker is faced with the challenge of adopting elements of sharing economic theory in order to make policies according to the new market dynamics.Magíster en Derecho EconómicoMaestrí
Factoring in the Micro: A Transaction‐Level Dynamic Factor Approach to the Decomposition of Export Volatility
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the export volatility sources estimating a dynamic factor model
on transaction-level data. Utilizing an exhaustive dataset of French export transactions
from 1993 to 2017, we reconstruct the latent factors space associated with global
and destination-specific macroeconomic shocks through a Quasi-Maximum likelihood
approach which allows accommodating both the high share of missing values and the
high dimensionality of the microeconomic time series. The estimated parameters are then
used to derive a volatility decomposition of the aggregate and firm-level export growth
rates, highlighting structural spatial patterns and the role of geographical diversification
in mitigating export risks
TUTELA DEL LAVORO E LIBERTA' D'IMPRESA NEI PROCESSI DI ESTERNALIZZAZIONE
No full textL’elaborato analizza le conseguenze lavoristiche della successione fra imprenditori, muovendo da una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di esternalizzazione con le relative esigenze e principali criticità.
L’indagine si concentra in primo luogo sul trasferimento d’azienda, esaminando la normativa e la giurisprudenza europee per passare poi alla disciplina di diritto interno, alle procedure sindacali e a uno specifico focus sul trasferimento delle aziende in crisi.
Successivamente l’autore si sofferma sull’appalto, prendendone in particolare considerazione gli indici di genuinità, i criteri di distinzione dalla somministrazione illecita di manodopera e la tutela delle maestranze in caso di avvicendamento fra imprese.
Da ultimo, la ricerca approfondisce le c.d. “clausole sociali”, sia di prima che di seconda generazione, valutandone la compatibilità con il diritto eurounitario e con la costituzione nonché riflettendo sui possibili rimedi in caso di loro violazione.The author analyzes the labour consequences of the succession between entrepreneurs, starting from a recognition of the various types of outsourcing with the related needs and main critical issues.
The survey focuses primarily on the transfer of businesses, examining European legislation and case-law and then moving on to internal legislation, trade union procedures and a specific focus on the transfer of companies in crisis.
The author then dwells on the contract, taking into account in particular the indications of authenticity, the criteria of distinction from the illicit administration of labour and the protection of workers in the event of turnover between companies.
Finally, the research deepens the "social clauses", both first and second generation, assessing their compatibility with European law and with the constitution and reflecting on possible remedies in case of their violation
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