15,247 research outputs found
P/Q-type calcium-channel blockade in the periaqueductal gray facilitates trigeminal nociception: a functional genetic link for migraine?
No full textThe discovery of mis-sense mutations in the alpha1A subunit of the P/Q-type calcium channel in patients with familial hemiplegic migraine indicates the potential involvement of dysfunctional ion channels in migraine. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) region of the brainstem modulates craniovascular nociception and, through its role in the descending pain modulation system, may contribute to migraine pathophysiology. In this study we sought to investigate the possible link between the genetic mutations found in migraineurs and the PAG as a modulator of craniovascular nociception. We microinjected the P/Q-type calcium-channel blocker omega-agatoxin IVA into the rat ventrolateral PAG (vlPAG). We examined its effect on the nociceptive transmission of second-order neurons recorded in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and activated by stimulation of the parietal dura mater. After injection of agatoxin into the vlPAG (n = 20) responses to dural stimulation were facilitated by 143% (p < 0.0001) for Adelta-fiber activity and 180% for C-fiber activity (p < 0.05). Similarly, spontaneous background activity increased by 163% (p < 0.0001). These results demonstrate that P/Q-type calcium channels in the PAG play a role in modulating trigeminal nociception and suggest a role for dysfunctional P/Q-type calcium channels in migraine pathophysiology.<br/
The level of mendione redox-cycling in pancreatic β-cells is proportional to the glucose concentration: role of NADH and consequences for insulin secretion
No full textPancreatic β-cells release insulin in response to elevation of glucose from basal (4–7 mM) to stimulatory (8–16 mM) levels. Metabolism of glucose by the β-cell results in the production of low levels of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a newly recognized coupling factor linking glucose metabolism to insulin secretion. However, high and toxic levels of H2O2 inhibit insulin secretion. Menadione, which produces H2O2 via redox cycling mechanism in a dose-dependent manner, was investigated for its effect on β-cell metabolism and insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13, a rat β-cell insulinoma cell line, and primary rodent islets.Menadione-dependent redox cycling and resulting H2O2 production under stimulatory glucose exceeded several-fold those reached at basal glucose. This was paralleled by a differential effect of menadione (0.1–10 µM) on insulin secretion, which was enhanced at basal, but inhibited at stimulatory glucose. Redox cycling of menadione and H2O2 formation was dependent on glycolytically-derived NADH, as inhibition of glycolysis and application of non-glycogenic insulin secretagogues did not support redox cycling. In addition, activity of plasma membrane electron transport, a system dependent in part on glycolytically-derived NADH, was also inhibited by menadione. Menadione-dependent redox cycling was sensitive to the NQO1 inhibitor dicoumarol and the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, suggesting a role for NQO1 and other oxidoreductases in this process. These data may explain the apparent dichotomy between the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of H2O2 and menadione on insulin secretion
The Peter Martyr reader
No full textAccession Number: ATLA0001328116; Language(s): English; Issued by ATLA: 20080715; Publication Type: Review; Related Books/Electronic Resources: By: Vermigli, Pietro Martire, 1499-1562 Peter Martyr reader viii, 260 p. Publisher: Kirksville, Mo.: Truman State University Press, 1999. ATLA0001327874Source type: Electronic(1)http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=reh&AN=ATLA0001328116&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-liv
Saiga Gray 1843
No full textSaiga Gray, 1843. List Specimens Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus., p. xxvi. TYPE SPECIES: Capra tatarica Linnaeus, 1766. SYNONYMS: Colus. COMMENTS: This generic name is spelt " Saiga " on p. xxvi and “ Siaga " on p. 160 of the original citation.Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 400, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735918
Blastocerus Gray 1850
No full textBlastocerus Gray, 1850. Gleanings, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 68. TYPE SPECIES: Cervus paludosus Desmarest, 1822 (= Cervus dichotomus liliger, 1815). SYNONYMS: Elaphalces. COMMENTS: Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth (1963:44-45); but see Groves and Grubb (1987). For first valid use of generic name see Hershkovitz (1958) who argued that it was Gray, 1850.Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 389, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735918
The memory of catastrophe
No full textContents
List of contributors 1. Introduction - Peter Gray and Kendrick Oliver
2. Remembering the English Civil War - Mark Stoyle
3. ‘Diabolical design’: Charleston elites, the 1822 slave insurrection and the discourse of the supernatural - P. A. Cramer
4. Memory and the commemoration of the Great Irish Famine - Peter Gray
5. ‘The greatest and the worst’: Dominant and subaltern memories of the Dos Bocas well fire of 1908 - Glen D. Kuecker
6. The Titanic and the commodification of catastrophe - James Guimond
7. Doctors and trauma in World War One: The response of British military psychiatrists - Edgar Jones
8. Commemorations of the siege of Leningrad: A catastrophe in memory and myth - Lisa A. Kirschenbaum
9. The missing camps of Aktion Reinhard: The judicial displacement of a mass murder - Donald Bloxham
10. Memory and authenticity: The case of Binjamin Wilkomirski - Andrea Reiter
11. Partition memory and multiple identities in the Champaran district of Bihar, India - Kathinka Sinha-Kerkhoff
12. Bodies do count: American nurses mourn the catastrophe of Vietnam - Carol Acton
13. ‘Not much of a place anymore’: The reception and memory of the massacre at My Lai - Kendrick Oliver
14. Remembering Vukovar, forgetting Vukovar: Constructing national identity through the memory of catastrophe in Croatia - Rose Lindsey
15. Who do you think you are kidding, Mr Sawoniuk? British memory of the Holocaust and Kosovo, Spring 1999 - Tony Kushne
Neuropeptide Y signalling on hippocampal stem cells in health and disease
Get PDFNeuropeptides are emerging as key components in the hippocampal neurogenic niche in health and disease, regulating many aspects of neurogenesis and the synaptic integration of newly generated neurons. This review focuses on the role of neuropeptide Y in the control of stem/precursor cells in the postnatal and adult hippocampus. It is likely that neuropeptide Y releasing interneurons are key sensors of neural activity, modulating neurogenesis appropriately. This is likely to be a fruitful area of research for extending our understanding of the control of stem cells in the normal and diseased brain
Confocal measurement of the three-dimensional size and shape of plant parenchyma cells in developing fruit tissue
No full textGray, John D. ; Kolesik, Peter ; Høj, Peter B. ; And Coombe, Bryan G
Dataset for 'Investigation of PPLN waveguide uniformity via second harmonic generation spectra'
No full textData supports the paper: Gray, A. C., Carpenter, L. G., Berry, S., Gates, J., Smith, P. G. R., & Gawith, C. (2020). Investigation of PPLN waveguide uniformity via second harmonic generation spectra. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 32(1), 63-66. DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2019.2957199. </span
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