1,720,965 research outputs found
Preventing anxiety-related manifestations of global warming : Investigation of the underlying affective and cognitive mechanisms and intervention perspective to help with the ecological transition
No full textCette thèse examine la relation entre les éco-émotions, les comportements pro-environnementaux et la santé mentale. Si les éco-émotions telles que l'anxiété climatique peuvent encourager les actions visant à atténuer la crise écologique, elles peuvent également affecter la santé mentale. Toutefois, les mécanismes qui sous-tendent ces relations ne sont pas encore clairs. S'inspirant de la psychologie des émotions et de la psychopathologie, cette recherche suppose que les éco-émotions et les comportements pro-environnementaux sont liés par un mécanisme de préparation à l'action qui prépare les individus à répondre à la crise écologique. En outre, elle émet l'hypothèse que les comportements pro-environnementaux peuvent affecter la santé mentale lorsqu'ils interfèrent avec les objectifs personnels. La thèse aborde ces questions à travers cinq études et vise à identifier les facteurs qui contribuent aux éco-émotions. Les deux premières études ont examiné la manière dont les éco-émotions sont suscitées. L'Étude 1 a comparé les facteurs situationnels (par exemple, l'expérience personnelle du changement climatique) et les facteurs individuels (par exemple, les dispositions à l'anxiété) dans le déclenchement des éco-émotions. Les résultats suggèrent que les dispositions à l'anxiété jouent un rôle plus important que le type d'événement, les facteurs situationnels et individuels influençant différemment des émotions telles que la solastalgie et l'anxiété climatique grave. L'Étude 2 a examiné l'effet de l'évaluation de la crise écologique sur l'apparition d'éco-émotions et a montré que ces émotions dépendaient peu de l'évaluation et qu'elles étaient significativement corrélées. Dans l'ensemble, les études suggèrent que les gens ressentent un mélange d'éco-émotions influencées à la fois par la crise écologique et par des facteurs individuels tels que l'anxiété et les attitudes environnementales. Les trois dernières études ont examiné la relation entre les éco-émotions, le comportement et la santé mentale. Plus précisément, elles ont comparé les effets des comportements pro-environnementaux à ceux de l'évitement des pensées sur la santé mentale. L'Étude 3 a examiné si les comportements pro-environnementaux et la santé mentale sont liés par un mécanisme de préparation à l'action, mais n'a trouvé aucune preuve que le changement climatique déclenche davantage de tendances à l'évitement ou que ces tendances sont plus importantes chez les personnes dont la santé mentale est altérée ou qui adoptent des comportements pro-environnementaux. L'Étude 4 a examiné si le fait de percevoir la crise écologique comme une menace motivait à adopter des comportements pro- environnementaux, mais elle n'a trouvé aucun effet significatif de la manipulation de la perception du changement climatique. Cependant, des facteurs stables tels que l'inquiétude face au changement climatique et la capacité perçue d'agir ont influencé le comportement. L'Étude 5 a testé les effets des comportements pro-environnementaux individuels et collectifs et de l'évitement du changement climatique sur la santé mentale. Elle a révélé que les préoccupations climatiques prédisaient les comportements pro-environnementaux, mais pas l'évitement de pensées, et que les comportements collectifs et l'évitement de pensées contribuaient à l'altération de la santé mentale. Dans l'ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que si les préoccupations climatiques prédisent des comportements pro-environnementaux, ces comportements peuvent avoir un impact sur la santé mentale, mais pas par le biais d'un mécanisme de préparation à l'action. En résumé, ce travail apporte des résultats intéressants sur la manière dont les éco-émotions sont déclenchées et sur le mécanisme par lequel elles peuvent affecter la santé mentale. Nous encourageons les auteurs à ne pas considérer les éco-émotions comme étant soit adaptées, soit inadaptées, car les réponses adaptées associées aux éco-émotions semblent affecter la santé mentaleThis thesis examines the relationship between eco-emotions, pro-environmental behaviors, and mental health. While eco-emotions such as climate anxiety may encourage actions to mitigate the ecological crisis, they may also affect mental health. However, the mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear. Drawing on the psychology of emotion and psychopathology literatures, this research hypothesizes that eco-emotions and pro-environmental behaviors are linked through an action-readiness mechanism that prepares individuals to respond to the ecological crisis. In addition, it proposes that pro-environmental behaviors may affect mental health when they interfere with personal goals. The thesis addresses these questions through five studies and aims to identify factors that contribute to eco-emotions.The first two studies examined how eco-emotions are elicited. Study 1 compared situational factors (e.g., personal experience with climate change) and individual factors (e.g., anxiety dispositions) in the elicitation of eco-emotions. Results suggest that anxiety dispositions play a larger role than event type, with situational and individual factors differentially influencing emotions such as solastalgia and severe climate anxiety. Study 2 examined the effect of appraisal of the ecological crisis on the elicitation of eco-emotions and found that these emotions were little dependent on appraisal and were significantly correlated. Overall, the studies suggest that people experience a mix of eco-emotions influenced by both the ecological crisis and individual factors such as anxiety and environmental attitudes.The last three studies examined the relationship between eco-emotions, behavior, and mental health. Specifically, they compared the effects of pro-environmental behaviors versus avoiding thoughts about climate change on mental health. Study 3 examined whether pro-environmental behaviors and mental health are linked through a mechanism of action-readiness, but found no evidence that climate change triggers more avoidance tendencies or that such tendencies are greater among those with impaired mental health or who engage in pro-environmental behaviors. Study 4 examined whether perceiving the ecological crisis as a threat motivates pro-environmental behavior, but found no significant effect of manipulating climate change perceptions. However, stable factors such as concern about climate change and perceived ability to act did influence behavior. Study 5 tested the effects of individual and collective pro-environmental behavior and climate change avoidance on mental health. It found that climate concern predicted pro-environmental behaviors, but not thought avoidance, and that collective behaviors and thought avoidance contributed to impaired mental health. Overall, these findings suggest that while climate concern predicts pro-environmental behaviors, such behaviors may impact mental health, although not through an action-readiness mechanism. In summary, this work provides promising findings on how eco-emotions are elicited and the mechanism by which they may alter mental health. We encourage researchers and psychologists not to consider eco-emotions as either adaptive or maladaptive, as the adaptive responses associated with eco-emotions may contribute to altered mental healt
De la culpabilisation à la réparation : une contribution à l'étude des processus cognitifs sous-jacents à l'émotion de culpabilité. L'exemple des comportements pro-environnementaux
No full textGuilt is a frequent, social and self-conscious emotion generally assumed to motivate a desire to repair. However this link is not automatic and several studies found that guilt could sometimes lead to negative outcomes. Explanations for these paradoxical behavioral consequences are still in need for clarification. The processes underlying these effects arein particular still unidentified. Twelve experiments tested 3 potential underlying cognitive mechanisms as well as the influence of guilt on pro-environmental behavior considered as a specific category of general prosocial behavior. First, our results indicate that guilt may promote pro-environmental behavior in the presence of reparation suggestions, but that this link is fragile and can be reversed when reparatory means are blatantly offered by the guilt inducer. Second, our results showed that guilt leads people to pay more attention to reparation cues and to develop a more positive attitude toward reparation means. However,surprisingly, guilt does not seem to increase the accessibility of reparatory means. Results are discussed in terms of a better knowledge of guilt’s functioning as well as perspectives in the field of pro-environmental persuasion.La culpabilité est une émotion fréquente, sociale et réflexive associée à une tendance comportementale de « réparation » des dommages causés. Pourtant, ce lien n’est pas systématique et plusieurs recherches ont montré que la culpabilité pouvait provoquer des comportements négatifs, voire antisociaux. Les explications de ces effets paradoxaux sont en grande partie insuffisantes. En particulier, les processus cognitifs sous-jacents à l’émotion de culpabilité demeurent mal connus. Douze expériences ont testé d’une part l’implication de trois processus cognitifs, d’autre part les conditions d’influence de la culpabilité sur un comportement pro-social (le comportement pro-environnemental). Les résultats montrent en premier lieu que la culpabilité favorise le comportement proenvironnemental en présence de suggestions de réparation, mais que ce lien est renversé(réactance) lorsque les propositions de réparation sont trop flagrantes. En outre, il a été montré que la culpabilité favorisait une orientation d’attention vers des stimuli liés à la réparation ainsi qu’une plus grande attitude positive implicite envers la réparation. Aucun effet n’a été trouvé concernant l’implication du processus d’accessibilité. Ces résultats sont discutés en termes d’une meilleure compréhension globale du fonctionnement de la culpabilité et de perspectives de recherche, notamment dans le domaine de la persuasion
From guilt to reparation : exploring guilt's underlying cognitive processes. The case of pro-environmental behaviors
No full textLa culpabilité est une émotion fréquente, sociale et réflexive associée à une tendancecomportementale de « réparation » des dommages causés. Pourtant, ce lien n’est passystématique et plusieurs recherches ont montré que la culpabilité pouvait provoquer descomportements négatifs, voire antisociaux. Les explications de ces effets paradoxaux sonten grande partie insuffisantes. En particulier, les processus cognitifs sous-jacents àl’émotion de culpabilité demeurent mal connus. Douze expériences ont testé d’une partl’implication de trois processus cognitifs, d’autre part les conditions d’influence de laculpabilité sur un comportement pro-social (le comportement pro-environnemental). Lesrésultats montrent en premier lieu que la culpabilité favorise le comportement proenvironnementalen présence de suggestions de réparation, mais que ce lien est renversé(réactance) lorsque les propositions de réparation sont trop flagrantes. En outre, il a étémontré que la culpabilité favorisait une orientation d’attention vers des stimuli liés à laréparation ainsi qu’une plus grande attitude positive implicite envers la réparation. Aucuneffet n’a été trouvé concernant l’implication du processus d’accessibilité. Ces résultats sontdiscutés en termes d’une meilleure compréhension globale du fonctionnement de laculpabilité et de perspectives de recherche, notamment dans le domaine de la persuasion.Guilt is a frequent, social and self-conscious emotion generally assumed to motivatea desire to repair. However this link is not automatic and several studies found that guiltcould sometimes lead to negative outcomes. Explanations for these paradoxical behavioralconsequences are still in need for clarification. The processes underlying these effects arein particular still unidentified. Twelve experiments tested 3 potential underlying cognitivemechanisms as well as the influence of guilt on pro-environmental behavior considered asa specific category of general prosocial behavior. First, our results indicate that guilt maypromote pro-environmental behavior in the presence of reparation suggestions, but thatthis link is fragile and can be reversed when reparatory means are blatantly offered by theguilt inducer. Second, our results showed that guilt leads people to pay more attention toreparation cues and to develop a more positive attitude toward reparation means. However,surprisingly, guilt does not seem to increase the accessibility of reparatory means. Resultsare discussed in terms of a better knowledge of guilt’s functioning as well as perspectivesin the field of pro-environmental persuasion
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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