198 research outputs found
Extraction d’information dans des documents manuscrits anciens
No full textExploring unexploited but newly digitized resources to find relevant information is a complicated task due to the amount of available resources. Thanks to the ANR project CIRESFI, the most important resource for the Italian Comedy of the 18th century, is a set of accounting registers consisting of 28,000 pages. Information retrieval is a long and complex process that requires expertise at every step: detection and segmentation in paragraphs, lines or words, features extraction, handwriting recognition. Systems based on deep neural networks dominate these approaches. The major issue is the need of a large amount of data to achieve their learning. However, the registers of the Italian Comedy have no ground truth. To overcome this lack of data, we explore approaches that involving transfer learning. That means using heterogeneous labeled and available data, with at least one common feature with our data to drive the systems, and then applying them to our data. All of our experiments have shown us the difficulty of carrying out this task, each choice at each stage having a strong impact on the rest of the system. We converge on a solution separating the optical model from the language model in order to achieve independent learning with different available resources and joining together thanks to a projection of the information into a non-latent common space.La tâche d'exploration dans des ressources inexploitées mais nouvellement numérisées, afin d'y trouver des informations pertinentes, est complexifiée par la quantité de ressources disponibles. Grâce au projet ANR CIRESFI, la ressource la plus importante, pour la Comédie-Italienne du XVIIIe siècle, est un ensemble de registres comptables constituée de 28 000 pages. L'extraction d'informations est un processus long et complexe qui demande une expertise à chaque étape : détection et segmentation, extraction de caractéristiques, reconnaissance d’écriture manuscrite. Les systèmes à base de réseaux de neurones profonds dominent dans l'ensemble ces approches. Le problème majeur est qu'ils nécessitent d'avoir une grande quantité de données pour réaliser leur apprentissage. Cependant, les registres de la Comédie-Italienne ne possèdent pas de vérité terrain. Pour palier ce manque de données, nous explorons des approches pouvant opérer un apprentissage par transfert de connaissance. Cela signifie utiliser un ensemble de données déjà étiquetées et disponibles, possédant un minimum de points communs avec nos données pour entraîner les systèmes, pour ensuite les appliquer sur nos données. L'ensemble de nos expérimentations nous ont montré la difficulté de réaliser cette tâche, chaque choix à chaque étape ayant un impact fort sur la suite du système. Nous convergeons vers une solution séparant le modèle optique du modèle de langage afin de réaliser un apprentissage indépendant avec différents types de ressources disponibles et se rejoignant grâce à une projection de l'ensemble des informations dans un espace commun non-latent
Extracting information in old handwritten documents
No full textLa tâche d'exploration dans des ressources inexploitées mais nouvellement numérisées, afin d'y trouver des informations pertinentes, est complexifiée par la quantité de ressources disponibles. Grâce au projet ANR CIRESFI, la ressource la plus importante, pour la Comédie-Italienne du XVIIIe siècle, est un ensemble de registres comptables constituée de 28 000 pages. L'extraction d'informations est un processus long et complexe qui demande une expertise à chaque étape : détection et segmentation, extraction de caractéristiques, reconnaissance d’écriture manuscrite. Les systèmes à base de réseaux de neurones profonds dominent dans l'ensemble ces approches. Le problème majeur est qu'ils nécessitent d'avoir une grande quantité de données pour réaliser leur apprentissage. Cependant, les registres de la Comédie- Italienne ne possèdent pas de vérité terrain. Pour palier ce manque de données, nous explorons des approches pouvant opérer un apprentissage par transfert de connaissance. Cela signifie utiliser un ensemble de données déjà étiquetées et disponibles, possédant un minimum de points communs avec nos données pour entraîner les systèmes, pour ensuite les appliquer sur nos données. L'ensemble de nos expérimentations nous ont montré la difficulté de réaliser cette tâche, chaque choix à chaque étape ayant un impact fort sur la suite du système. Nous convergeons vers une solution séparant le modèle optique du modèle de langage afin de réaliser un apprentissage indépendant avec différents types de ressources disponibles et se rejoignant grâce à une projection de l'ensemble des informations dans un espace commun nonlatent.Exploring unexploited but newly digitized resources to find relevant information is a complicated task due to the amount of available resources. Thanks to the ANR project CIRESFI, the most important resource for the Italian Comedy of the 18th century, is a set of accounting registers consisting of 28,000 pages. Information retrieval is a long and complex process that requires expertise at every step: detection and segmentation in paragraphs, lines or words, features extraction, handwriting recognition. Systems based on deep neural networks dominate these approaches. The major issue is the need of a large amount of data to achieve their learning. However, the registers of the Italian Comedy have no ground truth. To overcome this lack of data, we explore approaches that involving transfer learning. That means using heterogeneous labeled and available data, with at least one common feature with our data to drive the systems, and then applying them to our data. All of our experiments have shown us the difficulty of carrying out this task, each choice at each stage having a strong impact on the rest of the system. We converge on a solution separating the optical model from the language model in order to achieve independent learning with different available resources and joining together thanks to a projection of the information into a non-latent common space
Inventing Malayaness: Race, Education and Englishness in Colonial Malaya
No full text<p>Koh, Adeline. Inventing Malayanness: Race, Education and Englishness in Colonial Malaya. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Comparative Literature). University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.754578</p>
<p>Description: This dissertation focuses on late nineteenth and twentieth century Orientalized representations of British Malaya in the work of Joseph Conrad, Somerset Maugham and Anthony Burgess. It argues that racial logics reflected within this Anglophone expatriate literature influenced colonial and postcolonial politics in Malaysia and Singapore.</p>
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<p>More on the author here: www.adelinekoh.org</p
A study on the effect of shopping centre layout design on shoppers behaviour / Dina Adeline L. Kading
No full textThis study focuses on the effect of shopping center layout design on shoppers' behaviour. The objectives of this project is to study on the detailed layout of shopping center, interiorly and exteriorly, to identify general information concerning shoppers behaviour whereby it can be interrelated to how do the layout affecting shoppers behaviour, and finally to observe and study about the shopping center layout design and to make sure how does it affect on local shoppers behaviour. Sources of the data and information are gathered by the author from literature review of previous researches, published articles and books, and supported by the opinions of shoppers through structured questionnaires. From the survey, analysis and findings, the author noted that majority shoppers are satisfied on both interior and exterior layout of the case study. Attractive shopping environment, appealing exterior features, effortless in finding the entrance, sufficient car parks, these are some of the reason that make shoppers happy with the shopping complex. It is hoped that this project could clearly explain the interior and exterior layout of a shopping complex that affect the shoppers' behaviour and given better understanding to other readers about detailed shopping center layout design
Story of Adeline Yen Mah
No full textProducer, Eleanor Morris ; narrator, Connie Booth.Adeline Yen Mah, the author of Falling leaves, traces her and her family's life from Shanghai of the 1930s to the Cultural Revolution, through her life as a doctor in California
L’utilisation de l’histoire par les moines taoïstes du temple Wengong en Chine. La question de l’histoire en ethnologie
No full textInternational audienceL'année passée, j'ai soumis à l'atelier d'écriture un texte, rédigé pour l'occasion, qui posait la question de l'utilisation des données historiques en ethnologie. Il s'agissait du synopsis de la première partie de ma thèse consacrée — comme c'est souvent le cas en ethnologie — à la présentation du cadre géographique, historique, politique et culturel de l'étude. Mon intention était de soumettre à de jeunes chercheurs, étudiant des régions du monde très différentes, le douloureux problème que rencontre l'ethnologue qui travaille en Chine : il doit affronter un monstre, l'histoire du pays. La Chine a beaucoup écrit sur sa propre histoire. Et elle revendique haut et fort cette histoire ancienne faite d'une succession de dynasties impériales qui ont chacune rédigé leurs monographies et leurs annales. Lors de l'enquête ethnographique, cette histoire revient sans cesse, tant dans les témoignages oraux que dans les documents écrits. Comment donc maîtriser ce monstre et quel espace lui accorder ensuite dans la rédaction de la thèse ? Derrière cette interrogation méthodologique, surgit alors une problématique épistémologique : dans quelle mesure l'ethnologue (non historien) peut-il et doit-il intégrer à sa recherche les données historiques qu'il a collectées pour sa propre instruction ? Le passage par l'histoire est certes l'un des détours obligés que l'ethnologue doit faire pour décrypter les références du groupe humain qu'il étudie. Il se retrouve alors immergé dans un monde qui n'est pas le sien. Comment opère-t-il s'il lui incombe de « faire de l'histoire » ? La question se décline en plusieurs interrogations : comment gère-t-il les sources historiques — « l'histoire des historiens » — quand elles existent ? Et quand il ne dispose que de sources primaires, ses méthodes d'investigation lui permettent-elles de défendre une « histoire d'ethnologue » ? Doit-il renoncer complètement à rechercher des « vérités historiques » ? Si pour l'ethnologue il n'y a pas de déterminisme historique, quel rôle peut-il accorder à ces données ? Quelle légitimité donner à l'apport d'éléments historiques à la réflexion anthropologique ? Rappelons-nous le reproche qui fut adressé à Marcel Granet, un des grands noms
Before Virginia Woolf: the early diaries and the beginnings of developing a perspective
No full textVirginia Woolf é reconhecidamente um dos grandes nomes da literatura do século XX, autora de obras como Mrs. Dalloway (1925) e Ao farol (1927). Contudo, não é a Virginia, escritora já conceituada, que é encontrada ao longo deste trabalho, mas sim uma Virginia anterior a essa, uma jovem que leva ainda seu nome de solteira, Adeline Virginia Stephen. Nesta dissertação, essa jovem é observada e analisada à luz de seus quatro primeiros diários de juventude escritos entre janeiro de 1897 e maio de 1905 , com o intuito de compreender quem foi Adeline Virginia Stephen e como se deu o início da construção do seu olhar como escritora. O trabalho discorre sobre a existência de elementos de cunho literário em meio à narrativa dos dias e discute as lacunas que permeiam essas páginas íntimas. As análises se voltam também para os treinos de escrita realizados nos diários e para a maneira como a entrada de Virginia no circuito literário, com a feitura de resenhas e ensaios, transparece em sua escrita íntima e a influencia.Virginia Woolf is a renowned author of the twentieth-century literature. She is known for works such as Mrs. Dalloway (1925) and To the Lighthouse (1927). However, it is not Virginia, the prestigious author, who is found throughout this dissertation, but a Virginia before that, a young woman who still carries her maiden name, Adeline Virginia Stephen. In this dissertation, this young woman is seen and analyzed through her first four early diaries, written from January 1897 and May 1905, in order to understand who was Adeline Virginia Stephen and how her perspective as a writer began. The dissertation discusses the presence of literary elements in the narrative of her daily life and the gaps within these personal pages. It is also discussed the practice of writing found in the journals, and the manner in which Virginias entrance amid the literary circle, as the writer of reviews and essays, shines through and influences her personal writing
The Writer Walking the Dog: Creative Writing Practice and Everyday Life
No full textCreative writing happens in and alongside the writer’s everyday life, but little attention has been paid to the relationship between the two and the contribution made by everyday activities in enabling and shaping creative practice. The work of the anthropologist Tim Ingold supports the argument that creative writing research must consider the bodily lived experience of the writer in order fully to understand and develop creative practice. Dog-walking is one activity which shapes my own creative practice, both by its influence on my social and cultural identity and by providing a time and space for specific acts instrumental to the writing process to occur. The complex socio-cultural context of rural dog-walking may be examined both through critical reflection and creative work. The use of dog-walking for reflection and unconscious creative thought is considered in relation to Romantic models of writing and walking through landscape. While dog-walking is a specific activity with its own peculiarities, the study provides a case study for creative writers to use in developing their own practice in relation to other everyday activities from running and swimming to shopping, gardening and washing up
Transfer Learning for Structures Spotting in Unlabeled Handwritten Documents using Randomly Generated Documents
No full textInternational audienceDespite recent achievements in handwritten text recognition due to major advances in deep neural networks, historical handwritten documents analysis is still a challenging problem because of the requirement of large annotated training database. In this context, knowledge transfer of neural networks pre-trained on already available labeled data could allow us to process new collections of documents. In this study, we focus on localization of structures at the word-level, distinguishing words from numbers, in unlabeled handwritten documents. We based our approach on a transductive transfer learning paradigm using a deep convolutional neural network pre-trained on artificial labeled images randomly generated with strokes, word and number patches. We designed our model to predict a mask of the structures positions at the pixel-level, directly from the pixel values. The model has been trained using 100,000 generated images. The classification performances of our model were assessed by using randomly generated images coming from a different set of images of words and digits. At the pixel level, the averaged accuracy of the proposed structures detection system reach 96.1%. We evaluated the transfer capability of our model on two datasets of real handwritten documents unseen during the training. Results show that our model is able to distinguish most ”digits” structures from ”word” structures while avoiding other various structures present in the documents, showing the good transferability of the system to real documents
Adeline Paulina Irby (1831-1911)
No full textАделајн Полина Ирби1
(Adeline Paulina Irby, Бојленд Хол код Норича,
18. децембар 1831 – Сарајево, 2/15. септембар 1911) британска је ауторка и
добротворка. Истакла се посебно у две области: у публицистичком раду
којим је обавештавала британску јавност о положају балканских хришћа на и кроз добротворни и образовни рад у Босни, Славонији, Лици и Дал мацији. Њена хуманитарна активност огледала се у огромној помоћи
хришћанским избеглицама из Босне и Херцеговине током Велике источне
кризе (1875–1878), као и у оснивању 22 школе у Славонији и пет у Лици за
избеглу српску децу. Њена просветна активност посебно је дошла до изра жаја у Сарајеву, где је основала школу за женску хришћанску децу 1866, а то је временом постао завод за образовање српске женске деце, који је
радио до њене смрти 1911. Књигу Путовање по словенским земљама Турске
у Европи заједно су 1866. објавиле Џорџина Макензи и Аделајн Ирби. Она је
извршила велику улогу, посебно током Велике источне кризе, у обавешта вању британског јавног мњења о приликама у којима су живели православни
хришћани под османском влашћу. Овај путопис представља најпотпунији
извор о Србима под османском влашћу до тада објављен на енглеском.Била је кћи контраадмирала Фредерика Пола Ирбија (Frederick Paul
Irby, 1779 – 24. април 1844), и унука другог по реду барона Бостона (Boston).
Полинин отац био је активан у акцијама усмереним на укидање ропства,
учествовао је у бројним поморским акцијама из времена ратова Британије
против Наполеона, a 1837. добио је чин контраадмирала. Он је, у браку с
другом женом, Френсис Рајт (Frances Wright, †1852), имао три сина и четири
кћерке, од којих је Полина била најмлађа кћи [– 67. Illustrated, 1832: 242;
– 96. Anderson, 2004]. Остала је позната и као мис Ирби (Miss Irby), односно
госпођица Ирби. Полинин брат, пуковник Лионард Хауард Лојд Ирби (Leo nard Howard Loyd Irby, 1836–1905), био је познати британски орнитолог.
О њеном образовању не знамо много. Остало је упамћено да је од раног
доба показивала интерес за класику и археологију, а ове области занимале
су је до краја живота. У путовањима сапутница јој је била Џорџина Мјур
Макензи (од 1859. до 1864), а у хуманитарном и образовном раду сарађивала
је преко једног десетлећа с Присилом Џонстон.
С Џорџином Мјур Макензи (Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, 1833 – Крф,
24. јануар 1874) почела је да путује по Европи. Обе су биле из племићких по родица. Њихово прво путовање било је 1859. из Беча за Краков, а преко Кар пата. Том приликом их је привела полиција у месту Шмекс (Schmöcks, данас
Смерджонка у Словачкој) под оптужбом да су панславистички шпијуни, али
их је председник суда одмах ослободио [– 94. Anderson, 1966: 8]. Прву књигу
која описује ово њихово путовање објавиле су 1862. анонимно, под насловом
Преко Карпата [– 2. Across the Carpathians, 1862].2
Од 1861. до 1864. путовале су широм Балкана, и то како по независним
и аутономним хришћанским земљама тако и по оним европским деловима
Османског царства који су били под потпуном влашћу Порте. Циљ путо вања био је да виде Атину и споменике класичне старине, али су, на наговор
чешких пријатеља у Бечу, одлучиле да посете и српске и јужнословенске
земље. Оне су 1862. из Цариграда, преко Софије и Ниша, стигле у Београд,
обишле Србију и отишле у Босну. У Београду су лепо примљене од стране
самог књаза Михаила Обрeновића, а уживале су гостопримство и у кући
Симића [– 53. Лазаревић, 1929: 58]. Упознале су се и с митрополитом Ми хаилом и Владимиром Јовановићем, коме су дале препоруке за боравак у
Лондону и рекле му да би „добро било, да српски патриоти ступе у везу са
инглеским журналистима и публицистима” [– 58. Јовановић, 1988: 113] Наредне године преко Солуна обишле су Косово и, уз разне авантуре,
спустиле су се на албанску обалу кроз пределе северне Албаније у којима
османска власт није имала чврсто упориште, па самим тим није ни могла
да им јемчи безбедност. Џорџина Мјур Макензи приказала је њихова пу товања у лето 1864, на скупу Британског удружења за унапређење науке
(British Association for the Advancement of Science) који је одржан у Бату
[– 94. Anderson, 1966: 31]. Годину дана касније, закључке са путовања
објавиле су анонимно у једном памфлету под насловом Белешке о јужно словенским земљама у Аустрији и Турској у Европи (Notes on the South
Slavonic Countries in Austria and Turkey in Europe), с предговором и под
уредништвом доктора Хамфрија Сандвита (Humphrey Sandwith, 1822–1881),
који је и сам постао присталица ослобођења хришћана од турске власти. Он
је навео у предговору да је Британија од Кримског рата имала наклоност ка Турској, али да је постала свесна немуслиманских поданика у Турској
који су се „жалили на тиранију о каквој се у Европи није чуло од средњег
века” [– 3. Notes, 1865: 4].Adeline Paulina Irby (1831-1911) was a British author and humanitarian. She started
her European travels with Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie (1833-1874) in 1859. Between
1861 and 1864, they made several journeys to the central parts of the Balkans, including
Bulgaria, Serbia, Old Serbia, northern Albania and Montenegro. They learned the Serbian
language, collected extensive material and, in 1866/1867, published the travelogue Travels
in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe. This travelogue played a significant role
in improving the image of the Balkan Christians in Britain; its second edition, published
in 1877 and prefaced by William Gladstone, proved particularly influential. The second
edition was translated into Russian. Prince Michael Obrenovich (Mihailo Obrenović) III
personally financed its first publication in the Serbian language, translated by Chedomille
Miyatovich (Čedomilj Mijatović).
Her philanthropic work in Bosnia lasted from 1866 till her death. Her activities
focused on the girls’ school she had established in Sarajevo, which was intended for all
Slavs in Bosnia, but in the end, only Orthodox Serbs attended it. With the outbreak of the
Eastern Crisis, in 1875-1879, she devoted herself to extensive humanitarian work to help
Serbian Christian refugees from Bosnia. In 1876, she established 22 schools in Slavonia to
provide accommodation and care for refugee children from Bosnia. At one point, 2,000
children attended these schools. In 1877/78, the focus of her work shifted to Dalmatia
and Lika, where she established five schools, organiѕed temporary accommodation for
refugees, collected huge humanitarian aid and hired refugees to work on public projects.
Between 1872 and 1885, Priscilla Johnston (1841-1912) assisted her in her humanitarian
efforts, and thus the two became symbols of aid and charitableness amongst Bosnian
Serbs. The plight of the refugees from Bosnia was such that the humanitarian work of
Paulina Irby and Priscilla Johnston saved many lives.
During the Eastern Crisis, the Bosnian and Herzegovinian Fugitives and Orphans
Relief Fund, run by Miss Irby, collected huge humanitarian aid in Britain, estimated
between £40,000 (the equivalent of half a million crowns) and four million Austro Hungarian florins or crowns. Working to help the refugees, she wrote numerous letters
to the leading London dailies, The Times and The Daily News. Those letters helped raise
significant humanitarian aid for Bosnian Christian refugees, mostly ethnic Serbs.
From 1879 until her death in 1911, she rebuilt a school in Sarajevo, which at first
accepted orphans from the previous war of both sexes, and then became a primarily
female school for educating Serbian women from Bosnia and training them to work
as teachers. The school took pains to preserve the national (Serbian) and religious
(Orthodox) identity of its students and pupils and was therefore viewed with suspicion
by the local Austro-Hungarian authorities. Paulina Irby was held in high regard by Serbian rulers, intellectuals and ordinary
people who, in recognition of her efforts, dubbed her “gracious”, whereas she and
Johnston were dubbed “queens” during the Great Eastern Crisis. She lived in Sarajevo
from 1879 until her death and only occasionally went to Britain and visited Italy and other
countries. She took a keen interest in classical studies and archaeology.
She was an honorary member of various Serbian women’s associations and was
actively involved in the suffragette movement in Britain, which was at the time pushing
for universal suffrage. From 1885, she was the only female corresponding member of the
Serbian Learned Society and the only woman to be accepted as an honorary member
into the Serbian Royal Academy (1892). She received honours from the rulers of both
Serbia and Montenegr
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