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Sous-produits de dégradation d'herbicides dans le milieu naturel et sur les filières de traitement des eaux : quelles origines, quels impacts et quelles solutions ?
No full textAbstract : Brittany (France) is an agricultural region, where emerging pollutants are highly at risk to reach surface waters. Legal monitoring shows that herbicides metabolites are the main pollution of surface waters, in a region where 80 % of drinking water is produced with surface waters. The environmental behavior of herbicides metabolites is badly known and, for some of them, the contributions of their different sources are still debated. In east Britany, the Vilaine watershed (10 500 km²) is of great research interest, as a large drinking water treatment plant (100 000 m3/day) is located at the extreme downstream of it. In this context, this study aims to (i) map the watershed, (ii) evaluate the contamination and its spatial and seasonal variations, (iii) understand the favoring conditions resulting in metabolites export towards surface water, (iv) study sources and fate of AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) in wastewaters, (v) explore ozonation treatment of a resistant metabolite in drinking water This thesis consists of three chapters: a review of the literature on herbicides and their metabolites occurrence and fate in surface waters, wastewaters, and drinking water; the materials and methods including, selection of compounds of interest, sampling strategy, description of the methods of analysis and quality assurance, statistical tools; the results of herbicides metabolites occurrences and behavior in the different waters studied. This work concludes on a broader context by providing perspectives to gain a better understanding of the sources and the factors influencing herbicides metabolites occurrences in the different waters, in order to improve the quality of water resources.Résumé : La Bretagne (France) est une région agricole où les polluants émergeants sont très susceptibles d’atteindre les eaux de surfaces. La surveillance institutionnelle montre que les sous-produits d’herbicides sont la principale pollution des eaux de surface, dans une région où 80 % des eaux potables sont produites à partir de ressources superficielles. Le comportement dans l’environnement des sous-produits d’herbicides est mal connu et, pour certains d’entre eux, les contributions de leurs différentes sources font toujours débat. Dans l’est de la Bretagne, le bassin versant de la Vilaine (10 500 km²) est d’un grand intérêt pour la recherche, car il abrite une importante usine de potabilisation (100 000 m3/j) à son extrême aval. Dans ce contexte, cette étude vise à (i) cartographier le bassin versant, (ii) évaluer la contamination et ses variations spatiales et saisonnières, (iii) comprendre les conditions favorables à l’export vers les eaux de surface, (iv) étudier les sources et le devenir de l’AMPA (acide aminométhyl phosphonique) dans les eaux usées, (v) explorer le procédé d’ozonation pour un sous-produit récalcitrant aux traitements de l’eau potable. Cette thèse consiste en trois chapitres : une revue de la littérature sur l’occurrence et le devenir des herbicides et leurs sous-produits dans les eaux de surface, eaux usées, et eau potable; le matériel et méthodes incluant, la sélection des composés d’intérêt, la stratégie d’échantillonnage, la description des méthodes d’analyses et d’assurance qualité, les outils statistiques; les résultats d’occurrence et de comportement des sous-produits d’herbicides dans les différentes eaux étudiées. Ces travaux se concluent sur un contexte plus large avec des perspectives pour acquérir une meilleure compréhension des sources et des facteurs influençant l’occurence des sous-produits d’herbicides dans les différentes eaux, dans le but d’améliorer la qualité des ressources
Herbicides metabolites in the natural environment and water treatment processes : what sources, impacts and solutions?
No full textRésumé : La Bretagne (France) est une région agricole où les polluants émergeants sont très susceptibles d’atteindre les eaux de surfaces. La surveillance institutionnelle montre que les sous-produits d’herbicides sont la principale pollution des eaux de surface, dans une région où 80 % des eaux potables sont produites à partir de ressources superficielles. Le comportement dans l’environnement des sous-produits d’herbicides est mal connu et, pour certains d’entre eux, les contributions de leurs différentes sources font toujours débat. Dans l’est de la Bretagne, le bassin versant de la Vilaine (10 500 km²) est d’un grand intérêt pour la recherche, car il abrite une importante usine de potabilisation (100 000 m3/j) à son extrême aval. Dans ce contexte, cette étude vise à (i) cartographier le bassin versant, (ii) évaluer la contamination et ses variations spatiales et saisonnières, (iii) comprendre les conditions favorables à l’export vers les eaux de surface, (iv) étudier les sources et le devenir de l’AMPA (acide aminométhyl phosphonique) dans les eaux usées, (v) explorer le procédé d’ozonation pour un sous-produit récalcitrant aux traitements de l’eau potable. Cette thèse consiste en trois chapitres : une revue de la littérature sur l’occurrence et le devenir des herbicides et leurs sous-produits dans les eaux de surface, eaux usées, et eau potable; le matériel et méthodes incluant, la sélection des composés d’intérêt, la stratégie d’échantillonnage, la description des méthodes d’analyses et d’assurance qualité, les outils statistiques; les résultats d’occurrence et de comportement des sous-produits d’herbicides dans les différentes eaux étudiées. Ces travaux se concluent sur un contexte plus large avec des perspectives pour acquérir une meilleure compréhension des sources et des facteurs influençant l’occurence des sous-produits d’herbicides dans les différentes eaux, dans le but d’améliorer la qualité des ressources.Abstract : Brittany (France) is an agricultural region, where emerging pollutants are highly at risk to reach surface waters. Legal monitoring shows that herbicides metabolites are the main pollution of surface waters, in a region where 80 % of drinking water is produced with surface waters. The environmental behavior of herbicides metabolites is badly known and, for some of them, the contributions of their different sources are still debated. In east Britany, the Vilaine watershed (10 500 km²) is of great research interest, as a large drinking water treatment plant (100 000 m3/day) is located at the extreme downstream of it. In this context, this study aims to (i) map the watershed, (ii) evaluate the contamination and its spatial and seasonal variations, (iii) understand the favoring conditions resulting in metabolites export towards surface water, (iv) study sources and fate of AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) in wastewaters, (v) explore ozonation treatment of a resistant metabolite in drinking water This thesis consists of three chapters: a review of the literature on herbicides and their metabolites occurrence and fate in surface waters, wastewaters, and drinking water; the materials and methods including, selection of compounds of interest, sampling strategy, description of the methods of analysis and quality assurance, statistical tools; the results of herbicides metabolites occurrences and behavior in the different waters studied. This work concludes on a broader context by providing perspectives to gain a better understanding of the sources and the factors influencing herbicides metabolites occurrences in the different waters, in order to improve the quality of water resources
Sous-produits de dégradation d'herbicides dans le milieu naturel et sur les filières de traitement des eaux : quelles origines, quels impacts et quelles solutions ?
No full textAbstract : Brittany (France) is an agricultural region, where emerging pollutants are highly at risk to reach surface waters. Legal monitoring shows that herbicides metabolites are the main pollution of surface waters, in a region where 80 % of drinking water is produced with surface waters. The environmental behavior of herbicides metabolites is badly known and, for some of them, the contributions of their different sources are still debated. In east Britany, the Vilaine watershed (10 500 km²) is of great research interest, as a large drinking water treatment plant (100 000 m3/day) is located at the extreme downstream of it. In this context, this study aims to (i) map the watershed, (ii) evaluate the contamination and its spatial and seasonal variations, (iii) understand the favoring conditions resulting in metabolites export towards surface water, (iv) study sources and fate of AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) in wastewaters, (v) explore ozonation treatment of a resistant metabolite in drinking water This thesis consists of three chapters: a review of the literature on herbicides and their metabolites occurrence and fate in surface waters, wastewaters, and drinking water; the materials and methods including, selection of compounds of interest, sampling strategy, description of the methods of analysis and quality assurance, statistical tools; the results of herbicides metabolites occurrences and behavior in the different waters studied. This work concludes on a broader context by providing perspectives to gain a better understanding of the sources and the factors influencing herbicides metabolites occurrences in the different waters, in order to improve the quality of water resources.Résumé : La Bretagne (France) est une région agricole où les polluants émergeants sont très susceptibles d’atteindre les eaux de surfaces. La surveillance institutionnelle montre que les sous-produits d’herbicides sont la principale pollution des eaux de surface, dans une région où 80 % des eaux potables sont produites à partir de ressources superficielles. Le comportement dans l’environnement des sous-produits d’herbicides est mal connu et, pour certains d’entre eux, les contributions de leurs différentes sources font toujours débat. Dans l’est de la Bretagne, le bassin versant de la Vilaine (10 500 km²) est d’un grand intérêt pour la recherche, car il abrite une importante usine de potabilisation (100 000 m3/j) à son extrême aval. Dans ce contexte, cette étude vise à (i) cartographier le bassin versant, (ii) évaluer la contamination et ses variations spatiales et saisonnières, (iii) comprendre les conditions favorables à l’export vers les eaux de surface, (iv) étudier les sources et le devenir de l’AMPA (acide aminométhyl phosphonique) dans les eaux usées, (v) explorer le procédé d’ozonation pour un sous-produit récalcitrant aux traitements de l’eau potable. Cette thèse consiste en trois chapitres : une revue de la littérature sur l’occurrence et le devenir des herbicides et leurs sous-produits dans les eaux de surface, eaux usées, et eau potable; le matériel et méthodes incluant, la sélection des composés d’intérêt, la stratégie d’échantillonnage, la description des méthodes d’analyses et d’assurance qualité, les outils statistiques; les résultats d’occurrence et de comportement des sous-produits d’herbicides dans les différentes eaux étudiées. Ces travaux se concluent sur un contexte plus large avec des perspectives pour acquérir une meilleure compréhension des sources et des facteurs influençant l’occurence des sous-produits d’herbicides dans les différentes eaux, dans le but d’améliorer la qualité des ressources
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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