1,720,991 research outputs found
Finding New Opportunities: Technology Push Approach
No full textRealizing the benefits of a manufacturing technology is a key challenge that manufacturing engineers and designers face that exceeds conventional aspects of manufacturability and manufacturing compliant solutions. The goal is to comprehensively utilize manufacturing potential through manufacturing-induced properties to find new opportunities for innovative product and process solutions
The CRC666 Approach: Realizing Optimized Solutions Based on Production Technological Innovation
No full textFinding technical solutions for given problems is one of a designer’s key challenges. The task is especially demanding since the designer tries to find not only one possible solution but also the best possible solution, taking all existing conditions, limitations, and requirements into account (Pahl et al. 2007). There are many product development approaches that support the designer in this. The focus and drivers of the approaches differ:
- Reduction of complexity (Suh 1998)
- Integration of product development in company processes (Ehrlenspiel and Meerkamm 2013)
- Methodical approach based on analysis and synthesis steps (VDI 2221 1993)
- Cross-domain development of systems with a focus on mechatronic systems (VDI 2206 2004)
- Sustainable product design (Birkhofer et al. 2012)
- Effectiveness and efficiency (Lindemann 2009)
- Flexibility (Lindemann 2009)
- Cost and time reduction; quality improvement (Eder and Hosnedl 2010)
- Computer-aided automatization (Weber 2005
Finding the Best: Mathematical Optimization Based on Product and Process Requirements
No full textThe challenge of finding the best solution for a given problem plays a central role in many fields and disciplines. In mathematics, best solutions can be found by formulating and solving optimization problems. An optimization problem consists of an objective function, optimization variables, and optimization constraints, all of which define the solution space. Finding the optimal solution within this space means minimizing or maximizing the objective function by finding the optimal variables of the solution. Problems, such as geometry optimization of profiles (Hess and Ulbrich 2012), process control for stringer sheet forming (Bäcker et al. 2015) and optimization of the production sequence for branched sheet metal products (Günther and Martin 2006) are solved using mathematical optimization methods (Sects. 5.2 and 5.3). A variety of mathematical optimization methods is comprised within the field of engineering design optimization (EDO) (Roy et al. 2008)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Result : A New Design Paradigm
No full textOne of the key challenges faced by engineers is finding, concretizing, and optimizing solutions for a specific technical problem in the context of requirements and constraints (Pahl et al. 2007). Depending on the technical problem’s nature, specifically designed products and processes can be its solution with product and processes depending on each other. Although products are usually modeled within the context of their function, consideration of the product’s life cycle processes is also essential for design. Processes of the product’s life cycle concern realization of the product (e.g., manufacturing processes), processes that are realized with the help of the product itself (e.g., use processes) and processes at the end of the product’s life cycle (recycling or disposal). Yet, not just product requirements have to be considered during product development, as requirements regarding product life cycle processes need to be taken into account, too. Provision for manufacturing process requirements plays an important role in realizing the product’s manufacturability, quality, costs, and availability (Chap. 3). Further life cycle demands, such as reliability, durability, robustness, and safety, result in additional product and life cycle process requirements. Consequently, the engineer’s task of finding optimal product and process solutions to solve a technical problem or to fulfill a customer need is characterized by high complexity, which has to be handled appropriately (Chaps. 5 and 6)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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