1,721,026 research outputs found
Current therapeutic approaches for Helicobacter pylori infection
No full textHelicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans. Noninvasive testing for H pylori is available using the urea breath test or a stool antigen test. Antibiotic regimens consist of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) plus clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole/tinidazole, or a PPI plus metronidazole with bismuth and tetracycline. In clinical practice, antibiotic therapy can achieve cure rates of as high as 85%, but this rarely occurs. Thus, new therapies are needed. Because of the relatively low cure rates, follow-up confirmation of cure is needed using a urea breath test or a stool antigen test if the urea breath test is not available
Epidemiology of gastric cancer
No full textGastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite a decrease in its incidence in some regions of the world, gastric cancer still poses a major clinical challenge because most cases are diagnosed in an advanced stage, with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The most common causes are Helicobacter pylori infection (proven), Epstein-Barr virus infection (suspected), and familial. Major predisposing factors include high salt intake, smoking, and a familial genetic component. Primary prevention (i.e., H. pylori eradication) is increasingly recommended. Despite a growing understanding of both the phenotypic alterations and the molecular mechanisms occurring during gastric cancer carcinogenesis, no reliable biomarkers are available as yet for use in gastric cancer secondary prevention strategies
Diagnosis and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Full text linkThe last 5 years have seen major shifts in defining whom to test and how to treat Helicobacter pylori infection. Peptic ulcer has changed from a chronic disease to a one-off condition, and countries with a high incidence of gastric cancer have begun implementing population-wide screening and treatment. A proactive approach to testing and treatment of H. pylori is now recommended, including outreach to family members of individuals diagnosed with active infection as well as high-risk local populations such as immigrants from high-risk countries. Increasing antimicrobial resistance has resulted in an overall decline in treatment success, causing a rethinking of the approach to development of treatment guidelines as well as the need to adopt the principles of antibiotic usage and antimicrobial stewardship. Required changes include abandoning empiric use of clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin triple therapies. Here, we discuss these transformations and give guidance regarding testing and use of therapies that are effective when given empirically
Empiric 4-drug non-bismuth Helicobacter pylori therapies promote misuse (overuse) of antibiotics
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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