62 research outputs found
The ‘Galilean Style in Science’ and the Inconsistency of Linguistic Theorising
No full textChomsky’s principle of epistemological tolerance says that in theoretical linguistics contradictions between the data and the hypotheses may be temporarily tolerated in order to protect the explanatory power of the theory. The paper raises the following problem: What kinds of contradictions may be tolerated between the data and the hypotheses in theoretical linguistics? First a model of paraconsistent logic is introduced which differentiates between week and strong contradiction. As a second step, a case study is carried out which exemplifies that the principle of epistemological tolerance may be interpreted as the tolerance of week contradiction. The third step of the argumentation focuses on another case study which exemplifies that the principle of epistemological tolerance must not be interpreted as the tolerance of strong contradiction. The reason for the latter insight is the unreliability and the uncertainty of introspective data. From this finding the author draws the conclusion that it is the integration of different data types that may lead to the improvement of current theoretical linguistics and that the integration of different data types requires a novel methodology which, for the time being, is not available
Current Approaches to Syntax: A Comparative Handbook/ András Kertész, Edith Moravcsik, Csilla Rákosi.
No full textIn English.Includes bibliographical references and indexes.Even though the range of phenomena syntactic theories intend to account for is basically the same, the large number of current approaches to syntax shows how differently these phenomena can be interpreted, described, and explained. The goal of the volume is to probe into the question of how exactly these frameworks differ and what if anything they have in common.Descriptions of a sample of current approaches to syntax are presented by their major practitioners (Part I) followed by their metatheoretical underpinnings (Part II). Given that the goal is to facilitate a systematic comparison among the approaches, a checklist of issues was given to the contributors to address. The main headings are Data, Goals, Descriptive Tools, and Criteria for Evaluation. The chapters are structured uniformly allowing an item-by-item survey across the frameworks. The introduction lays out the parameters along which syntactic frameworks must be the same and how they may differ and a final paper draws some conclusions about similarities and differences.The volume is of interest to descriptive linguists, theoreticians of grammar, philosophers of science, and studies of the cognitive science of science.Moravcsik, Edith -- Broccias, Cristiano -- Chaves, Rui P. -- Culicover, Peter W. / Jackendoff, Ray -- Dalrymple, Mary / Findlay, Jamie Y. -- Featherston, Sam -- Hornstein, Norbert -- Jackendoff, Ray / Audring, Jenny -- Laury, Ritva / Ono, Tsuyoshi -- Legendre, Géraldine -- Mackenzie, J. Lachlan -- Müller, Stefan / Machicao y Priemer, Antonio -- Osborne, Timothy -- Steedman, Mark -- Carr, Philip -- Itkonen, Esa -- Kertész, András / Rákosi, Csilla -- Kornmesser, Stephan -- Ludlow, Peter -- Hacken, Pius ten -- Kertész, András / Rákosi, Csilla -- Frontmatter -- Acknowledgment -- Contents -- Biographical Sketches -- 1. Introduction / Part I: Approaches to syntax -- 2. Cognitive Grammar / 3. Construction Grammar / 4. Simpler Syntax / 5. Lexical Functional Grammar / 6. The Decathlon Model / 7. The Stupendous Success of the Minimalist Program / 8. The Parallel Architecture / 9. Usage-based Grammar / 10. Optimality-theoretic Syntax / 11. The Functional Discourse Grammar approach to syntax / 12. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar / 13. Dependency Grammar / 14. Combinatory Categorial Grammar / Part II: Metatheoretical foundations -- 15. Syntactic knowledge and intersubjectivity / 16. Hermeneutics and generative linguistics / 17. The uncertainty of syntactic theorizing / 18. The multiparadigmatic structure of science and generative grammar / 19. The philosophy of generative linguistics: best theory criteria / 20. The research programme of Chomskyan linguistics / 21. Conclusions: On the use of the comparison of syntactic theories / Author Index -- Language Index -- Subject Index1 online resource (616 p.)
Bristande tillgänglighet som en form av diskriminering : Har lagändringen i diskrimineringslagen gjort någon skillnad sedan 2015?
No full textDen här uppsatsen utforskar de nya reglerna om bristande tillgänglighet som blev en form av diskriminering i den svenska diskrimineringslagen 2015. Studien undersöker den praktiska erfarenheten av att tillämpa de nya reglerna, genom att analysera avgöranden i svenska domstolar. Uppsatsen söker svar på huruvida diskrimineringslagens regler om bristande tillgänglighet kan uppfylla de krav i praktiken som ställs om tillgänglighet i FN:s konvention om rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning (CRPD). Uppsatsen tillämpar den rättsdogmatiska metoden och den rättsanalytiska metoden. Materialen för analysen består av diskrimineringslagen och dess förarbeten, CRPD, domar gällande bristande tillgänglighet och juridisk doktrin. Analysen av rättstillämpningen sker utifrån ett funktionshinderperspektiv som ger uppsatsen sitt teoretiska ramverk. Uppsatsen hävdar att diskrimineringslagens regler om bristande tillgänglighet är otillräckliga för att öka tillgängligheten i samhället för att personer med funktionsnedsättning ska kunna vara delaktiga på lika villkor som andra. Enligt uppsatsens förslag bör det övervägas huruvida diskrimineringslagens förbud mot diskriminering i form av bristande tillgänglighet ska utvidgas till alla samhällsområden; vidare behövs det att domstolarna tillämpar den fördragskonforma tolkningen konsekvent eller att CRPD inkorporeras för att de krav som ställs i konventionen om tillgänglighet ska få större genomslag i det svenska rättssystemet.The present thesis explores the rules concerning denial of reasonable accommodation that became a new form of discrimination in the Swedish Discrimination Act in 2015. The thesis examines the practical experiences of applying the new rules, by analyzing judgments of Swedish courts. The thesis seeks to answer whether the new rules concerning denial of reasonable accommodation can meet the requirements for accessibility set in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The thesis is carried out by employing both the legal dogmatic method and the legal analytical method. The thesis is based on the Swedish Discrimination Act, the CRPD, judgements regarding denial of reasonable accommodation as well as legal doctrine. The analysis of the judgements is based on a disability perspective that provides a theoretical framework for this thesis. It is argued that the rules concerning denial of reasonable accommodation in the Swedish Discrimination Act are insufficient to increase accessibility for persons with disabilities to be able to participate in society on equal terms with others. This thesis argues that the prohibition of discrimination in the form of denial of reasonable accommodation should be extended to all areas of society. Furthermore, it is argued that the courts shall apply the treaty-based interpretation consistently, alternatively the CRPD shall be incorporated in order to better ensure that the requirements on accessibility set in the CRPD are met by the Swedish legal system.
The right to live in the community as the right to have rights
No full textThe present thesis explores Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which recognizes the right of all persons with disabilities to live in the community, with choices equal to others. The relationship between Article 19 and the other articles of the Convention are explored, in order to discuss the role of Article 19 in the Convention. The thesis examines whether the right to live in the community, set out in Article 19, can be considered as the most central right of the Convention. The thesis applies the legal analytical method, and it is based on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; the communications of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; official reports of the United Nations as well as international non-governmental organizations; and scientific articles from books and journals. By using Arendt’s idea of “the right to have rights” as a theory, this thesis argues that the right to live in the community, contained in Article 19, constitutes the right to have rights for persons with disabilities and therefore it can be considered as the most central right of the Convention.
A polgári mentalitás védelme : Heltai Gáspár Száz fabulája
No full textThe paper discusses the role of Gáspár Heltai in denominational controversies in Kolozsvár from 1566 to 1570. The author interprets the attitude of the collection of Aesopian fables, edited by Heltai in 1566, as representative of late medieval civic mentality. The city was understood by the burgher population of the period as corpus humanum in small, as a social form of salvation. The author holds the opinion that the confrontation between Gáspár Heltai and Ferenc Dávid, the Antitrinitarian leader was caused not only by differences in their theological views, but it can be also attributed to the fact that Dávid in his emphatically Bible-centred sermons and polemical works attributed not the same importance to civic organization in salvation as Heltai
PRAWO DO SPRAWIEDLIWEGO PROCESU. OCENA ZEZNAŃ UZYSKANYCH PRZY POMOCY TŁUMACZA
No full textAbstract. The author is a trainee lawyer, and a graduating PhD student. Her field of research is the principle of directness in the criminal procedure, with special emphasis on the significance of the spoken language, and the possibility of the distortion of the information that is mediated during interpretation. The author supplements her research with her experience obtained during her time as a defense lawyer in criminal procedures. Her aim is to point out how a confession obtained with the help of an interpreter can lead to a false statement of facts. The right to have a free interpreter belongs to the circle of absolute rights of a fair procedure, the deprivation from which makes a procedure unfair in every case. However, improper interpretation bears risks of a similar proportion, as it can apply new meaning to the confessions. Thus, the forensic and questioning rules of interrogation are different when conducted with an interpreter, provided that the interrogator indeed strives to unveil the truth. This information should be part of the basic knowledge of the members of authority and the defense lawyer as well. However, both the judge and the interpreter must keep it in mind that the parties might intentionally apply such linguistic means which result in the distortion of information.Celem niniejszej pracy jest podkreślenie, że zeznania uzyskane od świadka na drodze tłumaczenia mogą prowadzić do błędnych ustaleń faktów. Prawo do bezpłatnego skorzystania z usług tłumaczeniowych jest jednym z podstawowych praw, które musza być zapewnione w sprawiedliwym procesie sądowym. Niezapewnienie tłumaczenia lub tłumaczenie słabej jakości może prowadzić do niewłaściwej interpretacji sensu wypowiedzi co z kolei ma kluczowy wpływ na wyrok. Z tego powodu , śledczy który chce dotrzeć do prawdy powinien stosować inne procedury przesłuchania i stawiać inne pytania podczas przesłuchania z udziałem tłumacza, niż podczas przesłuchania bez tłumaczenia. Wspomniane różnice w procedurach powinny być szeroko znane, wszystkim osobom biorącym udział w procesie sądowym, jednakże sędzia i tłumacz musi pamiętać ponadto, o możliwości celowego użycia przez strony takich środków językowych, które mogą wypaczać fakty
The fibula production of Brigetio: clay moulds
No full textFibula production can be proven in the case of several Pannonian bronze workshops and among these, Brigetio as well. Similar fibula variations from a close territory can refer to the production in a certain area but the archaeological finds which belong to the manufacturing process are more trustworthy evidences. Regarding the fibulae produced in Brigetio, I. Kovrig, E. Patek, É. B. Bónis, K. Szabó, M. Merczi and N. Sey have already published some more or less detailed parts of their research. During a research project, the author reinvestigated several archaeological finds which can be related to the fibula production of Brigetio. The main aim of this paper is the definition of the fibula variants and the examination of their regional distribution. Moreover, the dating of the locally manufactured fibula variants can be helpful to define the production period of the workshops
Törvénytelen gyermekek névadása a 19. századi Esztergom-Vízivárosban
No full textNaming illegitimate children in Esztergom in the 19th century
Choosing names for illegitimate children was governed by the same factors as choosing names for legitimate children. Their naming customs were in accordance with the naming practices of the period. On the basis of her investigation the author concludes that in choosing the name, the influence of the godparents and the church were greater in the case of the illegitimate children. This can possibly be explained by the fact that in these exceptional cases, the responsibility taken by the godparents and the protection of a saint played a very important role. Inheriting the name of the godparent was essential with respect to both sexes; still, girls received their godparent's name more often than boys
A Dorian-háromszög
No full textThe topic and standpoint system of the study are connected to the question
of literary mask with reference to subjectivity. The author analyses in de-
tails the novel
Dorian
by Will Self, with special regard to the medial and
narrative elements and
fi
ction-making power of the name use
The Portrait of the Artist as an Irish Woman: The Figure of Helen in Jennifer Johnston's The Railway Station Man
No full textJennifer Johnston is (1930- ) a prominent contemporary Irish writer, the author of
short stories, television scripts and plays for the theatre, although her reputation mainly rests
on her novels. By using female protagonists in the majority of her novels, she directs
the readers’ attention to women’s positions and their opportunities in the country. (Introduction)angol nyelv és irodalomegyetem
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